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In this report, we do not concentrate on the mechanism that causes the R phase not to supercool but simply assume that some inherent heterogeneous mechanism is at work. Ubiquitous tiny bubbles in most bulk situations could serve as such heterogeneous sites.
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29
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84920310376
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note
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16 (Aldrich, >99% anhydrous) was placed at the bottom of a quartz capillary that was contained in a temperature-controlled copper cell. The sample was small enough to be entirely illuminated by the 1.5-mm (horizontal) by 1-mm (vertical) beam defined by slits.
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31
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84920310375
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note
-
These x-ray scattering measurements were performed with a rotating anode x-ray generator. The samples were contained in a 2-mm-thick copper sample holder with Be windows in a temperature-controlled oven. All materials were >99% pure from Aldrich. Temperature gradients in the oven lead to absolute uncertainties of <0.1°C The details of how each temperature was obtained will be reported elsewhere (E. B. Sirota and A. B. Herhold, in preparation).
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32
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84920310374
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note
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R→T is the one transition temperature depicted here that has some cooling-rate dependence (beyond instrumental broadening). It is also stochastic in that the temperature at which it occurs during any one run may vary by ∼1°C.
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33
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36849134315
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Homogeneous nucleation measurements made with the emulsion technique to isolate nuclei result in supercooling of 12 to 15°C [D. Tumbull and R. L. Cormia, J. Chem. Phys. 34, 820 (1961); M. J. Oliver and P. D. Calvert, J. Cryst. Growth 30, 343 (1975); D. R. Uhlmann, G. Kritchevsky, R. Straff, G. Scherer, J. Chem. Phys. 62, 4896 (1975)].
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84920310372
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note
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We acknowledge discussions with H. E. King Jr., M. Deutsch, S. Srinivas, and J. Hutter and the technical assistance of S. Bennett and W. A. Gordon. The National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Mathematical and Chemical Sciences.
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