Particle production in the lowermost stratosphere by convective lifting of the tropopause

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D19, 1999, Pages 23935-23940

  De Reus, Marian ^a,b   Ström, Johan ^a   Hoor, Peter ^c   Lelieveld, Jos ^b   Schiller, Cornelius ^d  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^d FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033589099     PISSN: 2169897X     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998JD900774     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Biggs, E. K., A mechanism for the formation of new particles in the atmosphere, Atmos. Res., 43, 129-137, 1997.
2. Bregman, A., et al., Aircraft measurements of O3, HNO3, and N2O in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) I, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,245-11,260, 1995.
3. de Reus, M., J. Ström, M. Kulmala, L. Pirjola, J. Lelieveld, C. Schiller, and M. Zöger, Airborne aerosol measurements in the tropopause region and the dependence of new particle formation on preexisting particle number concentration, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,255-31,263, 1998.
4. Easter, C. E., and L. K. Peters, Binary homogeneous nucleation: Temperature and relative humidity fluctuations, nonlinearity, and aspects of new particle production in the atmosphere, J. Appl Meteorol., 33, 775-784, 1994.
5. Gierens, K. M., Numerical simulations of persistent contrails, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3333-3348, 1996.
6. Hegg, D. A., L. F. Radke, and P. V. Hobbs, Particle production associated with marine clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13,917-13,926, 1990.
7. Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPPC), Climate Change 1995, edited by J. T. Houghton et al. 572 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
8. Korhonen, P. M. Kulmala, and Y. Viisanen, A theoretical study of binary homogeneous nucleation of water-ammonium chloride particles in the atmosphere, J. Aerosol Sci., 28, 901-917, 1997.
9. Nilsson, E. D., and M. Kulmala, The potential for atmospheric mixing processes to enhance the binary nucleation rate, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1381-1389, 1998.
10. Noone, K. J., and H. C. Hansson, Calibration of the TSI 3760 condensation nucleus counter for nonstandard operating conditions, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 13, 478-485, 1990.
11. Perry, K. D., and P. V. Hobbs, Further evidence for particle nucleation in clear air adjacent to marine cumulus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,803-22,818, 1994.
12. Schlager, H., P. Konopka, P. Schulte, U. Schumann, H. Ziereis, F. Arnold, M. Klemm, D. E. Hägen, P. D. Whitefield, and J. Ovarlez, In situ observations of air traffic emission signatures in the North Atlantic flight corridor, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,739-10,750, 1997.
13. Schröder, F., and J. Ström, Aircraft measurements of submicrometer aerosol particles (>7 nm) in the midlatitude free troposphere and tropopause region, Atmos. Res. 44, 333-356, 1997.
14. Weber, R. J., J. J. Marti, P. H. McMurry, F. L. Eisele, D. J. Tanner, and A. Jefferson, Measured atmospheric new particle formation rates: Implications for nucleation mechanisms, Chem. Eng. Commun., 151, 53-64, 1996.
15. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994, Rep. 37, Geneva, 1994.
16. Zhang, Z. Q., and B. Y. H. Liu, Dependence of the performance of TSI 3020 condensation nucleus counter on pressure, flow rate and temperature, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 13, 493-504, 1990.
17. Zóger, M., et al., FISH: A new family of balloon-borne and airborne Lyman-a photofragment fluorescence hygrometers, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1999.