The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection on the health and reproductive performance of breeding ewes

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

Volumn 41, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 89-103

  Martinez, T A ^a   Meltzer, M I ^a   Perry, B D ^b   Burridge, M J ^a   Mahan, S M ^a,c  

^a University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine   (United States)

^b INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Kenya)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cowdria ruminantium; Heartwater; Reproduction; Sheep microbiological diseases; Subclinical infection; Zimbabwe

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; FEMALE; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCTION; RICKETTSIOSIS; SHEEP; SHEEP DISEASE;

ANIMALS; BODY WEIGHT; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; FEMALE; REPRODUCTION; RICKETTSIACEAE INFECTIONS; SHEEP; SHEEP DISEASES;

ANIMALIA; EHRLICHIA; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; OVIS; OVIS ARIES;

EID: 0033587511     PISSN: 01675877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00040-9     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Amoo A.O.J., Dipeolu O.O., Capstick P.B., Munyini D.M., Gichuru L.U., Odhiambo T.R. Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and livestock production: Effect of varying acaricide treatments on ticks and productivity in East Coast Fever immunized weaner and dairy cattle. J. Med. Entomology. 30:1993;503-512.
2. Byrom B., Yunker C.E. Improved culture conditions for Cowdria ruminantium (Rickettsiales), the agent of heartwater disease of domestic ruminants. Cryobiol. 4:1990;285-290.
3. Cannon, R.M., Roe, R.T., 1982. Livestock Disease Surveys: A field Manual for Veterinarians. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
4. De Vries N., Mahan S.M., Ushewokunze-Obatolu U., Norval R.A.I., Jongejan F. Correlation between antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium (Rickettsiales) in cattle and the distribution of Amblyomma ticks in Zimbabwe. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 17:1993;799-810.
5. Ilemobade A.A., Blotkamp C. Clinico-pathological study on heartwater in goats. J. Trop. Med. Parasitology. 29:1978;71-76.
6. Jain, N.C., 1993. Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea and Febiger, 417 pp.
7. Kirkwood, B.R., 1992. Essentials of Medical Statistics. P194.
8. Mahan S.M., Andrew H.R., Tebele N., Burridge M.J., Barbet A.F. Immunization of sheep against heartwater with inactivated Cowdria ruminantium. Res. Vet. Sci. 58:1995;46-49.
9. Mahan S.M., Smith G.E., Byrom B. Concanavalin A-stimulated bovine T-cell supernatants inhibit the growth of Cowdria ruminantium in bovine endothelial cells in vitro. Infect. Immun. 62:1994;747-750.
10. Mahan S.M., Waghela S.D., McGuire T.C., Rurangirwa F.R., Wassink L.A., Barbet A.F. A cloned DNA probe for Cowdria ruminantium hybridizes with eight heartwater strains and detects infected sheep. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30(4):1992;981-986.
11. Martinez T.A., Meltzer M.I., Perry B.D., Burridge M.J., Mahan S.M. The effect of subclinical Cowdria ruminantium infection in ewes on the growth and milk consumption of pre-weaning lambs. Prev. Vet. Med. 41:1999;105-118.
12. Meltzer M.I., Norval R.A.I. Evaluating the economic threshold for bont tick (Amblyomma hebraeum) control in Zimbabwe. Exp. Appl. Acarology. 17:1993;171-185.
13. Montgomery, D.C., 1991. Design and Analysis of Experiments, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, 649 pp.
14. Mukhebi A.W., Chamboko T., O'Callaghan C.J., Peter T.F., Kruska R.L., Medley G.F., Mahan S.M., Perry B.D. An assessment of the economic impact of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) and its control in Zimbabwe. Prev. Vet. Med. 39:1999;173-189.
15. Norval, R.A.I., Perry, B.D., Hargreaves, S.K., 1992a. Tick and tick-borne diseases in Zimbabwe: What might the future hold? Zimb. Vet. J. 23(1), 1-15.
16. Norval, R.A.I, Perry, B.D., Young, A.S., 1992b. The Epidemiology of Theileriosis in Africa. Academic Press, London, 481 pp.
17. Norval R.A.I., Perry B.D., Meltzer M.I., Kruska R., Booth T.H. Factors affecting the distributions of the ticks Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum in Zimbabwe: Implications of reduced acaricide usage. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 18:1994;383-407.
18. O'Hara, H.B., Gombe, S., 1989. Fertility of the Small East African goat following pre-pubertal infection with Trypanosoma congolense. In: Proceedings of the Final Research Coordination Meeting on Improving Sheep and Goat Productivity with the Aid of Nuclear Techniques Organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Perth, Australia, 20-24 February 1989, 195-201 pp.
19. Peter T.F., Deem S.L., Barbet A.F., Norval R.A.I., Simbi B.H., Kelly P.J., Mahan S.M. Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for detection of low levels of Cowdria ruminantium infection in Amblyomma ticks not detected by DNA probe. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1995;166-172.
20. Purchase H.S. A simple and rapid method for demonstrating Rickettsia ruminantium (Cowdry, 1925) in heartwater brains. Vet. Rec. 57:1945;413-414.
21. Rumberia R.M., Eley R.M., Young A.S., Rowland A.C., Watson E.D. The effect of high and low dose Theleiria parva infection on the reproductive function of Boran/Fresian heifers. Theriogenology. 40:1993;977-986.
22. SAS Institute Inc., 1996. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancements through release 6.11, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 1104 pp.
23. Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika. 52:1965;591-611.
24. Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., 1980. Statistical Methods, 7th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 507 pp.
25. Solari, M.A., Nari, A., Cardozo, H., 1992. Impact of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina on the Production of Beef Cattle in Uruguay, vol. 87, Suppl. III. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 143-149.
26. Synge B.A. Brain biopsy for the diagnosis of heartwater. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 10:1978;45-48.
27. Tatchell R.J. Tick control in the context of East Coast Fever immunization. Parasitol. Today. 3:1987;7-10.
28. Van Amstel S.R., Guthrie A.J., Reyers F., Bertschinger H., Oberem P.T., Killeen V.M., Matthee O. The clinical pathology of heartwater: A review Onderstepoort. J. Vet. Res. 54:1987;287-290.
29. Yunker C.E., Mahan S.M., Waghela S.D., McGuire T.C., Rurangirwa F.R., Barbet A.F., Wassink L.A. Detection of Cowdria ruminantium by means of a DNA probe, pCS20, in infected Bont ticks, Amblyomma hebraeum, the major vector of heartwater in Southern Africa. Epidemiology and Infection. 110:1993;95-104.