An empirical model of a polar coronal hole at solar minimum

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 511, Issue 1 PART 1, 1999, Pages 481-501

  Cranmer, S R ^a   Kohl, J L ^a   Noci, G ^b   Antonucci, E ^c   Tondello, G ^d   Huber, M C E ^e   Strachan, L ^a   Panasyuk, A V ^a   Gardner, L D ^a   Romoli, M ^b   Fineschi, S ^a   Dobrzycka, D ^a   Raymond, J C ^a   Nicolosi, P ^d   Siegmund, O H W ^f   Spadaro, D ^g   Benna, C ^h   Ciaravella, A ^a,i   Giordano, S ^h   Habbal, S R ^a   Karovska, M ^a   Li, X ^a   Martin, R ^j   Michels, J G ^a   Modigliani, A ^b   Naletto, G ^d   O'Neal, R H ^a   Pernechele, C ^d   Poletto, G ^k   Smith, P L ^a   Suleiman, R M ^a   more..

^a HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^c OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI TORINO   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^e EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY   (Netherlands)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTROFISICO DI CATANIA   (Italy)

^h UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

ⁱ INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI PALERMO   (Italy)

^j UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

^k INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTROFISICO DI ARCETRI   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

Line: Profiles; Solar wind; Sun: Corona; Sun: UV radiation

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033585331     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/306675     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Abraham-Shrauner, B., & Feldman, W. C. 1977, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 618
2. Ahmad, I. A., & Withbroe, G. L. 1977, Sol. Phys., 53, 397
3. Allen, L. A., Habbal, S. R., & Hu, Y. Q. 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6551
4. Altschuler, M. D., & Perry, R. M. 1972, Sol. Phys., 23, 410
5. Axford, W. I., & McKenzie, J. F. 1992, in Solar Wind Seven, ed. E. Marsch & R. Schwenn (New York: Pergamon), 1
6. Basri, G. S., Linsky, J. L., Bartoe, J.-D. F., Brueckner, G., & Van Hoosier, M. E. 1979, ApJ, 230, 924
7. Beckers, J. M., & Chipman, E. 1974, Sol. Phys., 34, 151
8. Bely-Dubau, F. 1994, Adv. Space Res., 14(4), 153
9. Bertaux, J. L., et al. 1997, Sol. Phys., 175, 737
10. Blackwell, D. E., & Petford, A. D. 1966, MNRAS, 131, 399
11. Bravo, S., & Stewart, G. 1994, Sol. Phys., 154, 377
12. Brueckner, G. E., et al. 1995, Sol. Phys., 162, 357
13. Charbonneau, P., & Hundhausen, A. J. 1996, Sol. Phys., 165, 237
14. Cranmer, S. R. 1998, ApJ, 508, 925
15. Cranmer, S. R., Strachan, L., Romoli, M., Dobrzycka, D., Panasyuk, A. V., & Kohl, J. L. 1997, Eos Trans. AGU, 78 (17), Spring Meet. Suppl., S258 (SH51A-15)
16. DeForest, C. E., et al. 1997, Sol. Phys., 175, 393
17. Dobrzycka, D., Cranmer, S. R., Panasyuk, A. V., Strachan, L., & Kohl, J. L. 1998, J. Geophys. Res., submitted
18. Delaboudinière, J.-P., et al. 1995, Sol. Phys., 162, 291
19. Esser, R. 1990, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10261
20. Esser, R., Edgar, R. J., & Brickhouse, N. S. 1998a, ApJ, 498, 448
21. Esser, R., Fineschi, S., Dobrzycka, D., Habbal, S. R., Edgar, R. J., Raymond, J. C., Kohl, J. L., & Guhathakurta, M. 1998b, ApJ, in press
22. Esser, R., & Leer, E. 1990, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10269
23. Feldman, U. 1992, Phys. Scr., 46, 202
24. Fineschi, S., Kohl, J. L., Strachan, L., Gardner, L. D., Romoli, M., Huber, M. C. E., & Noci, G. 1997, presented at The Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity, Fifth SOHO Workshop (ESA SP-404), ed. A. Wilson (Noordwijk: ESA)
25. Fisher, R. R., & Guhathakurta, M. 1995, ApJ, 447, L139
26. Fisher, R. R., Lee, R., MacQueen, R. M., & Poland, A. 1981, Applied Optics, 20, 1094
27. Fletcher, L., & Huber, M. C. E. 1997, in The Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity, Fifth SOHO Workshop, ed. A. Wilson (ESA SP-404) (Noordwijk: ESA), 379
28. Gabriel, A. H. 1971, Sol. Phys., 21, 392
29. Gardner, L. D., et al. 1996, Proc. SPIE, 2831, 2
30. Gloeckler, G., et al. 1992, A&AS, 92, 267
31. Goldstein, B. E., et al. 1996, A&A, 316, 296
32. Gouttebroze, P., Lemaire, P., Vial, J. C., & Artzner, G. 1978, ApJ, 225, 655
33. Guhathakurta, M., & Holzer, T. E. 1994, ApJ, 426, 782
34. Guhathakurta, M., Holzer, T. E., & MacQueen, R. M. 1996, ApJ, 458, 817
35. Hollweg, J. V., & Turner, J. M. 1978, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 97
36. Hundhausen, A. J. 1977, in Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams, ed. J. B. Zirker (Boulder: Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press), 225
37. Hyder, C. L., & Lites, B. W. 1970, Sol. Phys., 14, 147
38. Isenberg, P. A., & Hollweg, J. V. 1983, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3923
39. Khabibrakhmanov, I. K., & Mullan, D. J. 1994, ApJ, 430, 814
40. Ko, Y.-K., Fisk, L. A., Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., & Guhathakurta, M. 1997, Sol. Phys., 171, 345
41. Ko, Y.-K., Galvin, A. B., Gibson, S., & Strachan, L. 1998, Eos Trans. AGU, 79 (17), Spring Meet. Suppl., S283 (SH51B-03)
42. Kohl, J. L., et al. 1995, Sol. Phys., 162, 313
43. Kohl, J. L., et al. 1996a, BAAS, 28, 897 (49.06)
44. Kohl, J. L., et al. 1997a, Sol. Phys., 175, 613
45. Kohl, J. L., et al. 1997b, Adv. Space Res., 20(1), 3
46. Kohl, J. L., et al. 1998, ApJ, 501, L127
47. Kohl, J. L., Strachan, L., & Gardner, L. D. 1996b, ApJ, 465, L141
48. Kopp, R. A., & Holzer, T. E. 1976, Sol. Phys., 49, 43
49. Koutchmy, S., & Lamy, P. L. 1985, in Properties and Interactions of Interplanetary Dust, ed. R. H. Giese & P. L. Lamy (Dordrecht: Reidel), 63
50. Koutchmy, S., & Livshits, M. 1992, Space Sci. Rev., 61, 393
51. Krucker, S., & Benz, A. O. 1998, ApJ, 501, L213
52. Kurochka, L. N., Matsuura, O. T., & Picazzio, E. 1997, Sol. Phys., 170, 227
53. Lamy, P., Llebaria, A., Koutchmy, S., Reynet, P., Molodensky, M., Howard, R., Schwenn, R., & Simnett, G. 1997, in The Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity, Fifth SOHO Workshop, ed. A. Wilson (ESA SP-404) (Noordwijk: ESA), 487
54. Leer, E., Holzer, T. E., & Flå, T. 1982, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 161
55. Li, X., Habbal, S. R., Kohl, J. L., & Noci, G. 1998, ApJ, 501, L133
56. Li, Y. 1997, Sol. Phys., 170, 437
57. Low, B. C. 1986, ApJ, 310, 953
58. _. 1990, ARA&A, 28, 491
59. Maccari, L., et al. 1997, presented at Correlated Phenomena at the Sun, in the Heliosphere and in Geospace, 31st ESLAB Symposium, ed. A. Wilson (ESA SP-415) (Noordwijk: ESA)
60. Makarov, V. I., & Makarova, V. V. 1996, Sol. Phys., 163, 267
61. Marsch, E., Goertz, C. K., & Richter, K. 1982a, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5030
62. Marsch, E., Mühlhäuser, K.-H., Rosenbauer, H., Schwenn, R., & Neubauer, F. M. 1982b, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 35
63. Marsch, E., Rosenbauer, H., Schwenn, R., Mühlhäuser, K.-H., & Denskat, K. U. 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9199
64. McKenzie, D. E., & Mullan, D. J. 1997, Sol. Phys., 176, 127
65. McKenzie, J. F., Banaszkiewicz, M., & Axford, W. I. 1995, A&A, 303, L45
66. Mihalas, D. 1978, Stellar Atmospheres (2d ed.; San Francisco: Freeman)
67. Minnaert, M. 1930, Z. Astrophys., 1, 209
68. Munro, R. H., & Jackson, B. V. 1977, ApJ, 213, 874
69. Newkirk, G., Jr., & Harvey, J. 1968, Sol. Phys., 3, 321
70. Noci, G., et al. 1997, Adv. Space Res., 20(12), 2219
71. Noci, G., Kohl, J. L., & Withbroe, G. L. 1987, ApJ, 315, 706
72. Ofman, L., & Davila, J. M. 1997, ApJ, 476, L51
73. Olsen, E. L., Leer, E., & Holzer, T. E. 1994, ApJ, 420, 913
74. Orrall, F. Q., Rottman, G. J., Fisher, R. R., & Munro, R. H. 1990, ApJ, 349, 656
75. Panasyuk, A. V., et al. 1999, in preparation
76. Pap, J., et al. 1997, in Correlated Phenomena at the Sun, in the Heliosphere and in Geospace, 31st ESLAB Symposium, ed. A. Wilson (ESA SP-415) (Noordwijk: ESA), 251
77. Pilipp, W. G., Miggenrieder, H., Montgomery, M. D., Mühlhäuser, K.-H., Rosenbauer, H., & Schwenn, R. 1987, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1075
78. Pneuman, G. W., & Kopp, R. A. 1971, Sol. Phys., 18, 258
79. Porter, J. G., Fontenla, J. M., & Simnett, G. M. 1995, ApJ, 438, 472
80. Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., & Vetterling, W. T. 1989, Numerical Recipes : The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)
81. Raymond, J. C., et al. 1997, Sol. Phys., 175, 645
82. Roberts, D. A., & Goldstein, M. L. 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 595
83. Romoli, M., Weiser, H., Gardner, L. D., & Kohl, J. L. 1993, Appl. Opt., 32, 3559
84. Romoli, M., et al. 1997, in The Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity, Fifth SOHO Workshop, ed. A. Wilson (ESA SP-404) (Noordwijk: ESA), 633
85. Romoli, M., et al. 1999, in preparation
86. Saito, K. 1965, PASJ, 17, 1
87. Sakurai, T. 1985, MNRAS, 152, 121
88. Schmidt, W. K. H., Rosenbauer, H., Shelly, E. G., & Geiss, J. 1980, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 697
89. Seely, J. F., Feldman, U., Schühle, U., Wilhelm, K., Curdt, W., & Lemaire, P. 1997, ApJ, 484, L87
90. Sittler, E. C., Jr., Guhathakurta, M., Fisher, R., Biesecker, D., Strachan, L., Thompson, B., & McComas, D. 1997, Eos Trans. AGU, 78 (46), Fall Meet. Suppl., F530 (SH11A-06)
91. Stenflo, J. O., Twerenbold, D., Harvey, J. W., & Brault, J. W. 1983, A&AS, 54, 505
92. Strachan, L., Kohl, J. L., Weiser, H., Withbroe, G. L., & Munro, R. H. 1993, ApJ, 412, 410
93. Strong, K., Bruner, M., Tarbell, T., Title, A., & Wolfson, C. J. 1994, Space Sci. Rev., 70, 119
94. Suess, S. T., Wang, A.-H., and Wu, S. T. 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19957
95. Suleiman, R. M., et al. 1998, Eos Trans. AGU, 79 (17), Spring Meet. Suppl., S286 (SH51D-02)
96. Tu, C.-Y., & Marsch, E. 1997, Sol. Phys., 171, 363
97. van de Hulst, H. C. 1950, Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands, 11, 135
98. Verner, D. A., Verner, E. M., & Ferland, G. J. 1996, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 64, 1
99. Waldmeier, M. 1981, Sol. Phys., 70, 251
100. Walker, A. B. C., Jr., DeForest, C. E., Hoover, R. B., & Barbee, T. W., Jr. 1993, Sol. Phys., 148, 239
101. Wang, A.-H., Wu, S. T., Suess, S. T., & Poletto, G. 1993, Sol. Phys., 147, 55
102. _. 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1913
103. Wang, Y.-M. 1994, ApJ, 435, L153
104. _. 1998, ApJ, 501, L145
105. Wang, Y.-M., & Sheeley, N. R., Jr. 1990, ApJ, 355, 726
106. _. 1995, ApJ, 452, 457
107. Wang, Y.-M., et al. 1997, ApJ, 485, 875
108. Warren, H. P., Mariska, J. T., Wilhelm, K., & Lemaire, P. 1997, ApJ, 484, L91
109. Williams, L. L. 1997, ApJ, 481, 515
110. Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., von Steiger, R., Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., & Wilken, B. 1998, Eos Trans. AGU, 79 (17), Spring Meet. Suppl., S269 (SH32B-06)
111. Withbroe, G. L. 1988, ApJ, 325, 442
112. Withbroe, G. L., Kohl, J. L., & Weiser, H. 1986, ApJ, 307, 381
113. Withbroe, G. L., Kohl, J. L., Weiser, H., & Munro, R. H. 1982, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 17
114. _. 1985, ApJ, 297, 324
115. Woo, R., & Habbal, S. R. 1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1159