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3
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0345282475
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note
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XRD was performed with a Phillips PW1700 diffractometer by using Co-Kα radiation generated at 45 kV and 40 mA, a step size of 0.02° 2θ, and sampling time of 1.5 s per step. A zero background Si substrate was used, and the sample was mounted by using a drop of acetone. NMR spectra were collected with a Bruker MSL 360 operating at 71.535 MHz with a 2-μs pulse length and 180-s recycle delay. Samples were analyzed on a JEOL JXA-8600 electron microprobe by energy-dispersive spectral analysis to identify the phases. Run conditions were 15-kV accelerating voltage, 15-nA beam current, and 1-μm probe diameter. The proportions of different phases in the sub-10-μm fraction were estimated by counting 200 grains per sample.
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5
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0345714066
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note
-
Opaline silica typically can be identified as a broad peak on XRD, but our XRD traces show no evidence of its presence (Fig. 1). Opaline silica is also formed in low-temperature environments and would not be expected in a high-temperature lava dome.
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6
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0000229235
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R. L. Hay, J. Geol. 67, 540 (1959); G. P. L. Walker, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 36, 135 (1972); R. S. J. Sparks and G. P. L. Walker, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2, 329 (1997).
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(1959)
J. Geol.
, vol.67
, pp. 540
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Hay, R.L.1
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7
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0001066531
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R. L. Hay, J. Geol. 67, 540 (1959); G. P. L. Walker, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 36, 135 (1972); R. S. J. Sparks and G. P. L. Walker, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2, 329 (1997).
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(1972)
Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.
, vol.36
, pp. 135
-
-
Walker, G.P.L.1
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8
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-
0002186006
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R. L. Hay, J. Geol. 67, 540 (1959); G. P. L. Walker, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 36, 135 (1972); R. S. J. Sparks and G. P. L. Walker, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2, 329 (1997).
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(1997)
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
, vol.2
, pp. 329
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-
Sparks, R.S.J.1
Walker, G.P.L.2
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11
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0345282470
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Department of the Environment Expert Panel for Air Quality Standards, Her Majesty's Government
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Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards, Particles (Department of the Environment Expert Panel for Air Quality Standards, Her Majesty's Government, 1995).
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(1995)
Particles
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12
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26744457048
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Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Exposure Limits EH40/97 (1997); American Conference of Government Hygenists, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents: Biological Exposure Indices (American Conference of Government Hygenists, Cincinnati, OH, 1997).
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(1997)
Occupational Exposure Limits
, vol.EH40-97
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-
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17
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0022538414
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D. D. Dollberg, M. L. Bolyard, D. L. Smith, Am. J. Public Health 76 (suppl.), 53 (1986).
-
(1986)
Am. J. Public Health
, vol.76
, Issue.SUPPL.
, pp. 53
-
-
Dollberg, D.D.1
Bolyard, M.L.2
Smith, D.L.3
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18
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0040101612
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A. S. Buist, R. S. Bernstein, L. R. Johnson, W. M. Vollmer, ibid., p. 66.
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Am. J. Public Health
, pp. 66
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-
Buist, A.S.1
Bernstein, R.S.2
Johnson, L.R.3
Vollmer, W.M.4
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19
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0345282468
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note
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Work on Montserrat was supported by the Department for International Development and Natural Environmental Research Council. The cooperation of the people of Montserrat and staff of the Montserrat Volcano Observatory is acknowledged. We thank T. S. Brewer (Leicester University) for performing XRF analyses of lava samples, T. Riemer and B. Schmidt (Warwick University) for performing NMR experiments, and A. Seaton (Aberdeen University) for advice.
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