Impact of treating hyperlipidemia or hypertension to reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease

CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association Journal

Volumn 160, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 1449-1455

  Perreault, Sylvie ^a   Dorais, Marc ^a   Coupal, Louis ^a   Paradis, Gilles ^a,d   Joffres, Michel R ^b   Grover, Steven A ^a,c,d  

^a MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANADA; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIFESTYLE; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MODEL; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

EID: 0033580631     PISSN: 08203946     EISSN: 14882329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. 1. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Heart disease and stroke in Canada. Ottawa: The Foundation; 1997. p. 10-20.
2. 2. Wilson PWF, Kannel WB. Hypertension, other risk factors and the risk of cardiovascular disease. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 99-114.
3. 3. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part I. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990;335:765-74.
4. 4. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, Hebert P, Fiebach NH, Eberlein KA, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990;335:827-38.
5. 5. Guidelines Subcommittee of the WHO/ISH Mild Hypertension Liaison Committee. 1993 guidelines for the management of mild hypertension. Memorandum from a World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension meeting. Hypertension 1993;22(3):392-403.
6. 6. Kannel WB. Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment. JAMA 1996;275:1571-6.
7. 7. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PW. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 1991;121:293-8.
8. 8. Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. The effect of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels. JAMA 1992;267:1213-20.
9. 9. Laurenzi M, Mancini M, Menotti A, Stamler J, Stamler R, Trevisan M, et al. Multiple risk factors in hypertension: results from the Gubbio study. J Hypertens 1990;8(Suppl):S7-12.
10. 10. Assmann G, Schulte H. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the elderly: concomitant hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease risk. Am J Cardiol 1989;116:33H-37H.
11. 11. Assmann G, Schulte H. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1988;116:1713-24.
12. 12. Ford ES, DeStefano F. Risk factors for mortality from all causes and from coronary heart disease among persons with diabetes: finding from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: I. Epidemiologic follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:1220-30.
13. 13. MacLean DR, Petrasovits A, Nargundkar M, Connelly PW, MacLeod E, Edwards A, et al. Canadian heart health surveys: a profile of cardiovascular risk. Survey methods and data analysis. CMAJ 1992;146(11 Suppl):1969-74.
14. 14. Joffres MR, Hamet P, Rabkin SW, Gelskey D, Hogan K, Fodor G. Prevalence, control and awareness of high blood pressure among Canadian adults. CMAJ 1992;146(11 Suppl):1997-2005.
15. 15. Haynes RB, Lacourcière Y, Rabkin SW, Leenen FHH, Logan AG, Wright N, et al. Report of the Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference: 2. Diagnosis of hypertension in adults. CMAJ 1993;149(4):409-18.
16. 16. Kinosian B, Glick H, Garland G. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risks by levels and ratios. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:641-7.
17. 17. Grover SA, Paquet S, Levinton C, Coupal L, Zowall H. Estimating the benefits of modifying cardiovascular risk factors: a comparison of primary versus secondary prevention. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:655-62.
18. 18. Grover SA, Coupal L, Hu X. Identifying adults at increased risk of coronary disease. How well do the current cholesterol guidelines work? JAMA 1995;274:801-6.
19. 19. Bradford RH, Shear CL, Chremos AN, Dujovne C, Downton M, Franklin FA, et al. Expanded clinical evaluation of lovastatin (EXCEL) study: I. Efficacy in modifying plasma lipoproteins and adverse event profile in 8245 patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:43-9.
20. 20. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991;265:3255-64.
21. 21. Wikstrand J, Warnold I, Olsson G, Tuomilheto J, Elmfelt G. Primary prevention with metoprolol in patients with hypertension: mortality results from the MAPHY Study. JAMA 1988;259:1976-82.
22. 22. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Mortality rate after 10.5 years for participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA 1990;263:1795-1801.
23. 23. Statistics Canada. Life tables, Canada, and provinces, 1985-1987. Ottawa: Vital Statistics and Diseases Registries Section, Health Division, Statistics Canada; 1989. Former cat no 84-532.
24. 24. Rosner B. Cardiovascular disease. In: Kugushev A, editor. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 4th ed. Belmont; Duxbury Press; 1995. p. 361-6.
25. 25. Samuelsson O. Hypertension in middle-aged men: management, morbidity and prognostic factors during long term hypertensive care. Acta Med Scand 1985;Suppl 702:1-79.
26. 26. Isles GC, Walker LM, Beevers GD, Brown I, Cameron HL, Clarke J, et al. Mortality in patients of the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic. J Hypertens 1986;4:141-56.
27. 27. Bulpitt CJ, Beevers DG, Butler A, Coles EC, Hunt D, Munro-Faure D, et al. The survival of treated hypertensive patients and their cause of death: a report from the DHSS Hypertensive Care Computing Project (DHCCP). J Hypertens 1986;4:93-100.
28. 28. Samuelsson O, Wilhelmsen L, Andersson OK, Pennert K, Berglund G. Cardiovascular morbidity in relation to change in blood pressure und serum cholesterol levels in treated hypertension. Results from the Primary Prevention trial in Göteborg, Sweden. JAMA 1987;258:1768-76.
29. 29. Joffres MR, Ghadirian P, Fodor JG, Petrasovits A, Chockalingam A, Hamet P. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Canada. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:1097-1102.
30. 30. Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Stepanians M, D'Agostino LC. Efficancy and tolerability of lovastatin in a six-months study: analysis by gender, age and hypertensive status. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:1B-10B.
31. 31. Cleeman JI, Grundy SM. National Cholesterol Education Program recommendations for cholesterol testing in young adults. A science-based approach. Circulation 1997;95:1646-50.
32. 32. Law MR, Wald NJ, Wu T, Hackshaw A, Bailey A. Systematic underestimation of association between cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease in observational studies: data from the BUPA study. BMJ 1994;308:363-6.
33. 33. Lipid Research Clinics Program. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results: II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA 1984;251:365-74.
34. 34. Manninen V, Elo MO, Frick MH, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P, et al. Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. JAMA 1988;260:641-51.
35. 35. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1301-7.
36. 36. Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG. By how much and quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease? BMJ 1994;308:367-72.
37. 37. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-9.
38. 38. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Muye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-9.