메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 176, Issue , 1999, Pages 291-302

Seagrass herbivory: Evidence for the continued grazing of marine grasses

Author keywords

Fishes; Food webs; Herbivory; Sea urchins; Seagrass; Waterfowl

Indexed keywords

GRASS; GRAZING; HERBIVORY;

EID: 0033580059     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps176291     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (190)

References (154)
  • 1
    • 84970598923 scopus 로고
    • Behavior and ecology of the Dugong dugong (Sirenia): Observations in Shoalwater and Cleveland Bays, Queensland
    • Anderson PK, Birtles A (1978) Behavior and ecology of the Dugong dugong (Sirenia): observations in Shoalwater and Cleveland Bays, Queensland. Aust Wildl Res 5:11-23
    • (1978) Aust Wildl Res , vol.5 , pp. 11-23
    • Anderson, P.K.1    Birtles, A.2
  • 2
    • 0000720069 scopus 로고
    • Standing crop, growth, and production of calcareous Siphonales (Chlorophyta) in a south Florida lagoon
    • Bach SD (1979) Standing crop, growth, and production of calcareous Siphonales (Chlorophyta) in a south Florida lagoon. Bull Mar Sci 29:191-201
    • (1979) Bull Mar Sci , vol.29 , pp. 191-201
    • Bach, S.D.1
  • 3
    • 0001819647 scopus 로고
    • Irradiance reduction: Effects on standing crop of the eelgrass Zostera marina in a coastal lagoon
    • Backman TW, Barilotti DC (1976) Irradiance reduction: effects on standing crop of the eelgrass Zostera marina in a coastal lagoon. Mar Biol 34:33-40
    • (1976) Mar Biol , vol.34 , pp. 33-40
    • Backman, T.W.1    Barilotti, D.C.2
  • 4
    • 1842287089 scopus 로고
    • Immigration of a tropical sea urchin, Astropyga radiata (Leske) in a temperate eelgrass, Zostera marina L. patch: Its feeding habit and grazing effect on the patch
    • Bak HP, Nojima S (1980) Immigration of a tropical sea urchin, Astropyga radiata (Leske) in a temperate eelgrass, Zostera marina L. patch: its feeding habit and grazing effect on the patch. Publ Amakusa Mar Biol Lab 5:153-169
    • (1980) Publ Amakusa Mar Biol Lab , vol.5 , pp. 153-169
    • Bak, H.P.1    Nojima, S.2
  • 5
    • 0028175120 scopus 로고
    • Expansion of seagrass habitat by the exotic Zostera japonica and its use by dabbling ducks and brant in Boundary Bay, British Columbia
    • Baldwin JR, Lovvorn JR (1994) Expansion of seagrass habitat by the exotic Zostera japonica and its use by dabbling ducks and brant in Boundary Bay, British Columbia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 103:119-127
    • (1994) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.103 , pp. 119-127
    • Baldwin, J.R.1    Lovvorn, J.R.2
  • 6
    • 84970616705 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology of three sympatric species of leatherjackets (Pisces: Monacanthidae) from a Posidonia seagrass habitat in New South Wales
    • Bell JD, Burchmore JJ, Pollard DA (1978) Feeding ecology of three sympatric species of leatherjackets (Pisces: Monacanthidae) from a Posidonia seagrass habitat in New South Wales. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 29:631-643
    • (1978) Aust J Mar Freshw Res , vol.29 , pp. 631-643
    • Bell, J.D.1    Burchmore, J.J.2    Pollard, D.A.3
  • 7
    • 0024193223 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology of subsurface deposit-feeder Leitoscoloplus fragilis Verrill. I. Mechanisms affecting particle availability on intertidal sandflat
    • Bianchi T (1988) Feeding ecology of subsurface deposit-feeder Leitoscoloplus fragilis Verrill. I. Mechanisms affecting particle availability on intertidal sandflat. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 115:79-97
    • (1988) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.115 , pp. 79-97
    • Bianchi, T.1
  • 8
    • 0001263251 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and grazing behavior of the green turtle Chelonia mydas
    • Bjorndal KA (1980) Nutrition and grazing behavior of the green turtle Chelonia mydas. Mar Biol 56:147-156
    • (1980) Mar Biol , vol.56 , pp. 147-156
    • Bjorndal, K.A.1
  • 9
    • 0007840575 scopus 로고
    • Quantitiative study of the scleractinian coral communities of the jordanian coast (Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea): Preliminary results
    • Bouchon C (1980) Quantitiative study of the scleractinian coral communities of the jordanian coast (Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea): preliminary results. Tethys 9:243-246
    • (1980) Tethys , vol.9 , pp. 243-246
    • Bouchon, C.1
  • 11
    • 0002472144 scopus 로고
    • Overgrazing of seagrasses by a regular urchin, Lytechinus variegatus
    • Camp DK, Cobb SP, Van Breedfield JV (1973) Overgrazing of seagrasses by a regular urchin, Lytechinus variegatus. BioSci 23:37-38
    • (1973) BioSci , vol.23 , pp. 37-38
    • Camp, D.K.1    Cobb, S.P.2    Van Breedfield, J.V.3
  • 12
    • 0021541535 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient limitations of primary production in a sub-arctic salt-marsh
    • Cargill SM, Jeffries RL (1984) Nutrient limitations of primary production in a sub-arctic salt-marsh. J Appl Ecol 21: 657-660
    • (1984) J Appl Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 657-660
    • Cargill, S.M.1    Jeffries, R.L.2
  • 13
    • 0001103781 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning herbivory and its effects on coral reef algal communities
    • Carpenter RC (1986) Partitioning herbivory and its effects on coral reef algal communities. Ecol Monogr 56:345-363
    • (1986) Ecol Monogr , vol.56 , pp. 345-363
    • Carpenter, R.C.1
  • 14
    • 84951670563 scopus 로고
    • Food habits of juvenile marine fishes occupying seagrass beds in the estuarine zone near Crystal River, Florida
    • Carr SA, Adams CA (1973) Food habits of juvenile marine fishes occupying seagrass beds in the estuarine zone near Crystal River, Florida. Trans Am Fish Soc 102:511-540
    • (1973) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.102 , pp. 511-540
    • Carr, S.A.1    Adams, C.A.2
  • 15
    • 0030601504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivory on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Acherson in contrasting Spanish Mediterranean habitats
    • Cebrián J, Duarte CM, Marbà N (1996a) Herbivory on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Acherson in contrasting Spanish Mediterranean habitats. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 204:103-111
    • (1996) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.204 , pp. 103-111
    • Cebrián, J.1    Duarte, C.M.2    Marbà, N.3
  • 17
    • 0000412164 scopus 로고
    • The grazing of Zostera by wildfowl in Britain
    • Charman K (1977) The grazing of Zostera by wildfowl in Britain. Aquaculture 12:229-233
    • (1977) Aquaculture , vol.12 , pp. 229-233
    • Charman, K.1
  • 18
    • 0001690213 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology and energetics of the dark-bellied brent goose (Branta bernicla) in Essex and Kent
    • Jefferies RL, Davys AJ (eds) Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Charman K (1979) Feeding ecology and energetics of the dark-bellied brent goose (Branta bernicla) in Essex and Kent. In: Jefferies RL, Davys AJ (eds) Ecological processes in coastal environments. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, p 451-465
    • (1979) Ecological Processes in Coastal Environments , pp. 451-465
    • Charman, K.1
  • 19
    • 0343501276 scopus 로고
    • Overlap and pollution-induced variability in the feeding habits of filefish (Pisces: Monacanthidae) from Apalachee Bay, Florida
    • Clements WH, Livingston RJ (1983) Overlap and pollution-induced variability in the feeding habits of filefish (Pisces: Monacanthidae) from Apalachee Bay, Florida. Copeia 1983:331-338
    • (1983) Copeia , vol.1983 , pp. 331-338
    • Clements, W.H.1    Livingston, R.J.2
  • 20
    • 84970554538 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of Botany Bay. II. Aspects of the feeding ecology of the fanbellied leatherjacket Monacanthus chinensis (Pisces: Monacanthidae) in Posidonia australis seagrass beds in Quibray Bay, Botany Bay, New South Wales
    • Conacher MJ, Lanzig WJR, Larkum AWD (1979) Ecology of Botany Bay. II. Aspects of the feeding ecology of the fanbellied leatherjacket Monacanthus chinensis (Pisces: Monacanthidae) in Posidonia australis seagrass beds in Quibray Bay, Botany Bay, New South Wales. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 30:387-400
    • (1979) Aust J Mar Freshw Res , vol.30 , pp. 387-400
    • Conacher, M.J.1    Lanzig, W.J.R.2    Larkum, A.W.D.3
  • 22
    • 0028975564 scopus 로고
    • Seagrass distribution and seasonal biomass changes in relation to dugong grazing in the Moluccas: East Indonesia
    • de Iongh HH, Wenno BJ, Meelis E (1995) Seagrass distribution and seasonal biomass changes in relation to dugong grazing in the Moluccas: East Indonesia. Aquat Bot 50:1-19
    • (1995) Aquat Bot , vol.50 , pp. 1-19
    • De Iongh, H.H.1    Wenno, B.J.2    Meelis, E.3
  • 23
    • 0020386128 scopus 로고
    • Competition among cladocerans: Nature of the interaction between Bosmina and Daphnia
    • Demot WR, Kerfoot WC (1982) Competition among cladocerans: nature of the interaction between Bosmina and Daphnia. Ecology 63:1949-1966
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1949-1966
    • Demot, W.R.1    Kerfoot, W.C.2
  • 24
    • 0020376042 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic responses of Zostera marina L (eelgrass) to in situ manipulations of light intensity
    • Dennison WC, Alberte RS (1985) Photosynthetic responses of Zostera marina L (eelgrass) to in situ manipulations of light intensity. Oecologia 55:137-144
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.55 , pp. 137-144
    • Dennison, W.C.1    Alberte, R.S.2
  • 25
    • 0001224296 scopus 로고
    • Seagrass nutrient content
    • Duarte CM (1990) Seagrass nutrient content. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 67:201-207
    • (1990) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.67 , pp. 201-207
    • Duarte, C.M.1
  • 26
    • 0020374516 scopus 로고
    • Two types of cover-seeking behavior at sunset by the princess parrotfish, Scarus taeniopterus, at Barbados, West Indies
    • Dubin RE, Baker JD (1982) Two types of cover-seeking behavior at sunset by the princess parrotfish, Scarus taeniopterus, at Barbados, West Indies. Bull Mar Sci 32: 572-583
    • (1982) Bull Mar Sci , vol.32 , pp. 572-583
    • Dubin, R.E.1    Baker, J.D.2
  • 27
    • 84918325065 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the decomposition of organic detritus derived from the turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum
    • Fenchel T (1970) Studies on the decomposition of organic detritus derived from the turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum. Limnol Oceanogr 15:14-20
    • (1970) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.15 , pp. 14-20
    • Fenchel, T.1
  • 28
    • 0003082559 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the decomposition of seagrasses
    • McRoy CP, Helferich C (eds) Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
    • Fenchel T (1977) Aspects of the decomposition of seagrasses. In: McRoy CP, Helferich C (eds) Seagrass ecosystems: a scientific perspective. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, p 123-145
    • (1977) Seagrass Ecosystems: A Scientific Perspective , pp. 123-145
    • Fenchel, T.1
  • 29
    • 0027037219 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorus limitation of primary production in Florida Bay: Evidence from C:N:P ratios of the dominant seagrass Thalassia testudinum
    • Fourqurean JW, Zieman JC, Powell GVN (1992) Phosphorus limitation of primary production in Florida Bay: evidence from C:N:P ratios of the dominant seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Limnol Oceanogr 37:162-171
    • (1992) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.37 , pp. 162-171
    • Fourqurean, J.W.1    Zieman, J.C.2    Powell, G.V.N.3
  • 30
    • 0001047307 scopus 로고
    • 13C evidence for the importance of benthic plants
    • 13C evidence for the importance of benthic plants. Estuar Coast Mar Sci 8:499-509
    • (1979) Estuar Coast Mar Sci , vol.8 , pp. 499-509
    • Fry, B.1    Parker, P.L.2
  • 31
    • 0020459049 scopus 로고
    • 12C comparison of food webs in Caribbean seagrass meadows and coral reefs
    • 12C comparison of food webs in Caribbean seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Aquat Bot 14:389-398
    • (1982) Aquat Bot , vol.14 , pp. 389-398
    • Fry, B.1    Luthes, R.2    Northam, M.3    Parker, P.L.4
  • 32
    • 0020457410 scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to marine plant-herbivore interactions. II. Biogeography
    • Gaines SD, Lubchencho J (1982) A unified approach to marine plant-herbivore interactions. II. Biogeography. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 13:111-138
    • (1982) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.13 , pp. 111-138
    • Gaines, S.D.1    Lubchencho, J.2
  • 33
    • 0001614670 scopus 로고
    • The grazing of Thalassia testudinum in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica
    • Greenway M (1976) The grazing of Thalassia testudinum in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. Aquat Bot 2:117-126
    • (1976) Aquat Bot , vol.2 , pp. 117-126
    • Greenway, M.1
  • 34
    • 0028994067 scopus 로고
    • Trophic relationships of macrofauna within a Jamaican seagrass meadow and the role of the echinoid Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck)
    • Greenway M (1995) Trophic relationships of macrofauna within a Jamaican seagrass meadow and the role of the echinoid Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck). Bull Mar Sci 56:719-736
    • (1995) Bull Mar Sci , vol.56 , pp. 719-736
    • Greenway, M.1
  • 35
    • 0001006041 scopus 로고
    • Time-budgeting and foraging strategy of the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride Bonnaterre, in Jamaica
    • Handley F (1984) Time-budgeting and foraging strategy of the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride Bonnaterre, in Jamaica. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 83:159-177
    • (1984) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.83 , pp. 159-177
    • Handley, F.1
  • 36
    • 0001654840 scopus 로고
    • Chemical changes during the seasonal cycle of growth and decay in eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the Atlantic Coast of Canada
    • Harrison PG, Mann KH (1975) Chemical changes during the seasonal cycle of growth and decay in eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the Atlantic Coast of Canada. J Fish Res Bd Can 32:615-621
    • (1975) J Fish Res Bd Can , vol.32 , pp. 615-621
    • Harrison, P.G.1    Mann, K.H.2
  • 37
    • 49149136517 scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of grazing intensity on a Caribbean barrier reef: Herbivory and algal distribution
    • Hay ME (1981) Spatial patterns of grazing intensity on a Caribbean barrier reef: herbivory and algal distribution. Aquat Bot 11:97-109
    • (1981) Aquat Bot , vol.11 , pp. 97-109
    • Hay, M.E.1
  • 38
    • 0021547664 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fish and sea urchin grazing on Caribbean coral reefs: Are previous results typical?
    • Hay ME (1984a) Patterns of fish and sea urchin grazing on Caribbean coral reefs: are previous results typical? Ecology 65:446-454
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 446-454
    • Hay, M.E.1
  • 39
    • 0021565669 scopus 로고
    • Predictable spatial escapes from herbivory: How do these affect the evolution of herbivore resistance in tropical marine communities
    • Hay ME (1984b) Predictable spatial escapes from herbivory: how do these affect the evolution of herbivore resistance in tropical marine communities. Oecologia 64:396-407
    • (1984) Oecologia , vol.64 , pp. 396-407
    • Hay, M.E.1
  • 40
    • 0002404557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology and evolution of seaweed-herbivore interactions on coral reefs
    • Hay ME (1997) The ecology and evolution of seaweed-herbivore interactions on coral reefs. Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Symp 1:23-32
    • (1997) Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Symp , vol.1 , pp. 23-32
    • Hay, M.E.1
  • 41
    • 84940948608 scopus 로고
    • The chemical ecology of plant-herbivore interactions in marine versus terrestrial communities
    • Rosenthal G, Berenbaum M (eds) Academic Press, New York
    • Hay ME, Steinberg PD (1992) The chemical ecology of plant-herbivore interactions in marine versus terrestrial communities. In: Rosenthal G, Berenbaum M (eds) Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, 2nd edn, Vol 2. Academic Press, New York, p 372-413
    • (1992) Herbivores: Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites, 2nd Edn , vol.2 , pp. 372-413
    • Hay, M.E.1    Steinberg, P.D.2
  • 42
    • 0028980647 scopus 로고
    • Sea urchin herbivory: Evidence for long-lasting effects in subtropical seagrass meadows
    • Heck KL, Valentine JF (1995) Sea urchin herbivory: evidence for long-lasting effects in subtropical seagrass meadows. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 189:205-217
    • (1995) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.189 , pp. 205-217
    • Heck, K.L.1    Valentine, J.F.2
  • 43
    • 84955862938 scopus 로고
    • Foods and feeding habits of the dugong, Dugong dugong, (Erxleben), in northern Queensland, Australia
    • Heinsohn GE, Birch WR (1972) Foods and feeding habits of the dugong, Dugong dugong, (Erxleben), in northern Queensland, Australia. Mammalia 36:414-422
    • (1972) Mammalia , vol.36 , pp. 414-422
    • Heinsohn, G.E.1    Birch, W.R.2
  • 44
    • 13044281817 scopus 로고
    • Populations of dugongs (Mammalia: Sirenia). Aerial surveys over the inshore waters of tropical Australia
    • Heinsohn GE, Spain GE, Anderson PK (1976) Populations of dugongs (Mammalia: Sirenia). Aerial surveys over the inshore waters of tropical Australia. Biol Conserv 8:21-23
    • (1976) Biol Conserv , vol.8 , pp. 21-23
    • Heinsohn, G.E.1    Spain, G.E.2    Anderson, P.K.3
  • 45
    • 1842325454 scopus 로고
    • Further observations and data on seagrasses along the Jordanian and Saudi Arabian coasts of the Gulf of Aqaba
    • Hulings NC, Kirkman H (1982) Further observations and data on seagrasses along the Jordanian and Saudi Arabian coasts of the Gulf of Aqaba. Tethys 10:281-220
    • (1982) Tethys , vol.10 , pp. 281-1220
    • Hulings, N.C.1    Kirkman, H.2
  • 46
    • 0001195036 scopus 로고
    • Grazing of the seagrass Zostera noltii by birds at Terschelling (Dutch Wadden Sea)
    • Jacobs RPW, den Hartog MC, Braster BF, Carriere FC (1981) Grazing of the seagrass Zostera noltii by birds at Terschelling (Dutch Wadden Sea). Aquat Bot 10:241-259
    • (1981) Aquat Bot , vol.10 , pp. 241-259
    • Rpw, J.1    Den Hartog, M.C.2    Braster, B.F.3    Carriere, F.C.4
  • 47
    • 0028178779 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate herbivory on the submerged macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus in a Danish Stream
    • Jacobsen D, Sand-Jensen K (1994) Invertebrate herbivory on the submerged macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus in a Danish Stream. Freshw Biol 31:43-52
    • (1994) Freshw Biol , vol.31 , pp. 43-52
    • Jacobsen, D.1    Sand-Jensen, K.2
  • 49
    • 0023557577 scopus 로고
    • The effect of seagrass grazing on the sexual maturity of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla in the Gulf of Aqaba (Jordan)
    • Jafari RD, Mahasneh RM (1984) The effect of seagrass grazing on the sexual maturity of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla in the Gulf of Aqaba (Jordan). Dirasat 14:127-136
    • (1984) Dirasat , vol.14 , pp. 127-136
    • Jafari, R.D.1    Mahasneh, R.M.2
  • 50
    • 0030433416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting grazer-epiphyte interactions in temperate seagrass meadows
    • Ansell AD, Gibson RN, Barnes M (eds) UCL Press, London
    • Jernakoff P, Brearley A, Nielsen J (1996) Factors affecting grazer-epiphyte interactions in temperate seagrass meadows. In: Ansell AD, Gibson RN, Barnes M (eds) Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review, Vol 34. UCL Press, London, p 109-162
    • (1996) Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review , vol.34 , pp. 109-162
    • Jernakoff, P.1    Brearley, A.2    Nielsen, J.3
  • 51
    • 0020923664 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of sea urchins in seagrass meadows: An experimental analysis of competition and predation
    • Keller BD (1983) Coexistence of sea urchins in seagrass meadows: an experimental analysis of competition and predation. Ecology 64:1581-1598
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1581-1598
    • Keller, B.D.1
  • 52
    • 0001864892 scopus 로고
    • Faunal relationships in temperate seagrass beds
    • Phillips RC, McRoy CP (eds) Garland STPM Press, New York
    • Kikuchi T (1980) Faunal relationships in temperate seagrass beds. In: Phillips RC, McRoy CP (eds) Handbook of seagrass biology: an ecosystem perspective. Garland STPM Press, New York, p 153-172
    • (1980) Handbook of Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective , pp. 153-172
    • Kikuchi, T.1
  • 53
    • 0001274491 scopus 로고
    • Consumer ecology of seagrass beds
    • McRoy CP, Helfferich C (eds) Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
    • Kikuchi T, Peres JM (1977) Consumer ecology of seagrass beds. In: McRoy CP, Helfferich C (eds) Seagrass ecosystems: a scientific perspective. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, p 147-194
    • (1977) Seagrass Ecosystems: A Scientific Perspective , pp. 147-194
    • Kikuchi, T.1    Peres, J.M.2
  • 54
    • 0000999794 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and production of submerged macrophytes in Tipper Grund (Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark), and the impact on grazing
    • Kiørboe T (1980) Distribution and production of submerged macrophytes in Tipper Grund (Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark), and the impact on grazing. J Appl Ecol 17:675-687
    • (1980) J Appl Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 675-687
    • Kiørboe, T.1
  • 55
    • 0000126983 scopus 로고
    • A study of the role of seagrass Posidonia australis in the carbon budget of an estuary
    • Kirkman H, Reid DD (1979) A study of the role of seagrass Posidonia australis in the carbon budget of an estuary. Aquat Bot 7:173-183
    • (1979) Aquat Bot , vol.7 , pp. 173-183
    • Kirkman, H.1    Reid, D.D.2
  • 56
    • 0000299089 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of health, and echinoderm grazing on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile
    • Kirkman H, Young PC (1981) Measurement of health, and echinoderm grazing on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Aquat Bot 10:329-338
    • (1981) Aquat Bot , vol.10 , pp. 329-338
    • Kirkman, H.1    Young, P.C.2
  • 57
    • 0001462608 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition of the southern sea garfish Hyporhamphus melanochiri gut passage rate and daily consumption of two food types and assimilation of seagrass components
    • Klumpp DW, Nichols PD (1983a) Nutrition of the southern sea garfish Hyporhamphus melanochiri gut passage rate and daily consumption of two food types and assimilation of seagrass components. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 12:209-216
    • (1983) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.12 , pp. 209-216
    • Klumpp, D.W.1    Nichols, P.D.2
  • 58
    • 0020933821 scopus 로고
    • A study of food chains in seagrass communities. 2. Food of the rock flathead Platycephalous laevigatus Cuvier, a major predator in a Posidonia australis seagrass bed
    • Klumpp DW, Nichols PD (1983b) A study of food chains in seagrass communities. 2. Food of the rock flathead Platycephalous laevigatus Cuvier, a major predator in a Posidonia australis seagrass bed. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 34: 745-754
    • (1983) Aust J Mar Freshw Res , vol.34 , pp. 745-754
    • Klumpp, D.W.1    Nichols, P.D.2
  • 59
    • 0021608139 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional quality of seagrasses Posidonia oceanica and Heterozostera tasmanica: Comparisons between species and stages of decomposition
    • Klumpp DW, Van der Walk A (1984) Nutritional quality of seagrasses Posidonia oceanica and Heterozostera tasmanica: comparisons between species and stages of decomposition. Mar Biol Lett 5:67-83
    • (1984) Mar Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 67-83
    • Klumpp, D.W.1    Van Der Walk, A.2
  • 60
    • 0001099336 scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology and trophic role of sea urchins in a tropical seagrass community
    • Klumpp DW, Salita-Espinosa JT, Fortes MT (1993) Feeding ecology and trophic role of sea urchins in a tropical seagrass community. Aquat Bot 45:205-229
    • (1993) Aquat Bot , vol.45 , pp. 205-229
    • Klumpp, D.W.1    Salita-Espinosa, J.T.2    Fortes, M.T.3
  • 63
    • 0003009110 scopus 로고
    • Feeding and nutritional ecology of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in Maine, USA
    • Larson B, Vadas RL, Keser M (1980) Feeding and nutritional ecology of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in Maine, USA. Mar Biol 59:49-62
    • (1980) Mar Biol , vol.59 , pp. 49-62
    • Larson, B.1    Vadas, R.L.2    Keser, M.3
  • 64
    • 0025623443 scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia
    • Larkum AWD, West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:55-70
    • (1990) Aquat Bot , vol.37 , pp. 55-70
    • Larkum, A.W.D.1    West, R.J.2
  • 65
    • 0000226413 scopus 로고
    • On the relationships between marine plants and sea urchins
    • Lawrence JM (1975) On the relationships between marine plants and sea urchins. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 13: 213-286
    • (1975) Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev , vol.13 , pp. 213-286
    • Lawrence, J.M.1
  • 66
    • 0020429406 scopus 로고
    • Microscale patchiness of nutrients in plankton communities
    • Lehman J, Scavia D (1982) Microscale patchiness of nutrients in plankton communities. Science 216:729-730
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 729-730
    • Lehman, J.1    Scavia, D.2
  • 67
    • 0000390742 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory on coral reefs: Algal susceptible to herbivorous fishes
    • Lewis SM (1985) Herbivory on coral reefs: algal susceptible to herbivorous fishes. Oecologia 65:370-375
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.65 , pp. 370-375
    • Lewis, S.M.1
  • 68
    • 0000603075 scopus 로고
    • Herbivore abundance and grazing intensity on a Caribbean coral reef
    • Lewis SM, Wainwright PC (1985) Herbivore abundance and grazing intensity on a Caribbean coral reef. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 87:215-228
    • (1985) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.87 , pp. 215-228
    • Lewis, S.M.1    Wainwright, P.C.2
  • 70
    • 0012251023 scopus 로고
    • Food of the Red Sea Dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia) from Sinai
    • Lipkin Y (1975) Food of the Red Sea Dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia) from Sinai. Is J Zool 24:81-98
    • (1975) Is J Zool , vol.24 , pp. 81-98
    • Lipkin, Y.1
  • 71
    • 0001098816 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative aspects of seagrass communities, particularly of those dominated by Halophila stipulacea, in Sinai (Northern Red Sea)
    • Lipkin Y (1979) Quantitative aspects of seagrass communities, particularly of those dominated by Halophila stipulacea, in Sinai (Northern Red Sea). Aquat Bot 7:119-128
    • (1979) Aquat Bot , vol.7 , pp. 119-128
    • Lipkin, Y.1
  • 72
    • 0028975084 scopus 로고
    • Selective herbivore increases biomass of its prey: A chiton-coralline reef-building association
    • Littler MM, Littler DS, Taylor PR (1995) Selective herbivore increases biomass of its prey: a chiton-coralline reef-building association. Ecology 76:1666-1681
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1666-1681
    • Littler, M.M.1    Littler, D.S.2    Taylor, P.R.3
  • 73
    • 34250244587 scopus 로고
    • Foraging by herbivorous parrotfish Sparisoma radians
    • Lobel PS, Ogden JC (1981) Foraging by herbivorous parrotfish Sparisoma radians. Mar Biol 64:173-183
    • (1981) Mar Biol , vol.64 , pp. 173-183
    • Lobel, P.S.1    Ogden, J.C.2
  • 74
    • 0000437267 scopus 로고
    • Absorption efficiencies of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) for selected marine plants
    • Lowe EF, Lawrence JM (1976) Absorption efficiencies of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) for selected marine plants. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 21: 223-234
    • (1976) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 223-234
    • Lowe, E.F.1    Lawrence, J.M.2
  • 75
    • 0002828409 scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to marine plant-herbivore interactions. I. Populations and communities
    • Lubchencho J, Gaines SD (1981) A unified approach to marine plant-herbivore interactions. I. Populations and communities. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 12:405-437
    • (1981) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.12 , pp. 405-437
    • Lubchencho, J.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 76
    • 0006115077 scopus 로고
    • Predation, enrichment, and phytoplankton community structure
    • Lynch M, Shapiro J (1981) Predation, enrichment, and phytoplankton community structure. Limnol Oceanogr 29: 243-252
    • (1981) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.29 , pp. 243-252
    • Lynch, M.1    Shapiro, J.2
  • 78
    • 0002041366 scopus 로고
    • Autumn feeding ecology in the Danish Wadden Sea, and impact of food supplies and shooting on movement
    • Madsen J (1988) Autumn feeding ecology in the Danish Wadden Sea, and impact of food supplies and shooting on movement. Dan Rev Game Biol 13:1-32
    • (1988) Dan Rev Game Biol , vol.13 , pp. 1-32
    • Madsen, J.1
  • 79
    • 0028164938 scopus 로고
    • Planktonic trophic transfer in an estuary: Seasonal, diel, and community structure effects
    • Mallin MA, Paerl HW (1994) Planktonic trophic transfer in an estuary: seasonal, diel, and community structure effects. Ecology 75:2168-2184
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2168-2184
    • Mallin, M.A.1    Paerl, H.W.2
  • 82
    • 0029660427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource use by five sympatric parrotfishes in the San Blas Archipelago, Panama
    • McAfee ST, Morgan SG (1996) Resource use by five sympatric parrotfishes in the San Blas Archipelago, Panama. Mar Biol 125:427-437
    • (1996) Mar Biol , vol.125 , pp. 427-437
    • McAfee, S.T.1    Morgan, S.G.2
  • 83
    • 0001459748 scopus 로고
    • Zooplankton grazing and phytoplankton species richness: Field tests of the predation hypothesis
    • McCauley E, Briand F (1979) Zooplankton grazing and phytoplankton species richness: field tests of the predation hypothesis. Limnol Oceanogr 24:243-252
    • (1979) Limnol Oceanogr , vol.24 , pp. 243-252
    • McCauley, E.1    Briand, F.2
  • 84
    • 0000838180 scopus 로고
    • 13C label identifies eelgrass (Zostera marina) carbon in an Alaskan estuarine food web
    • 13C label identifies eelgrass (Zostera marina) carbon in an Alaskan estuarine food web. Mar Biol 53:263-269
    • (1979) Mar Biol , vol.53 , pp. 263-269
    • McConnaughey, T.1    McRoy, C.P.2
  • 85
    • 0028983713 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient and grazing influences on subtropical seagrass community
    • McGlathery K (1995) Nutrient and grazing influences on subtropical seagrass community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 122: 239-252
    • (1995) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.122 , pp. 239-252
    • McGlathery, K.1
  • 86
    • 0000246305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can net primary productivity be measured in grazing ecosystems?
    • McNaughton SJ, Milchunas DG, Frank DA (1996) How can net primary productivity be measured in grazing ecosystems? Ecology 77:974-877
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 974-1877
    • McNaughton, S.J.1    Milchunas, D.G.2    Frank, D.A.3
  • 87
    • 0028313539 scopus 로고
    • Winter biomass and nutrient values of three seagrass species as potential food sources for redheads (Aythya americana Eyton) in Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana
    • Michot TC, Chadwick PC (1994) Winter biomass and nutrient values of three seagrass species as potential food sources for redheads (Aythya americana Eyton) in Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana. Wetlands 14:276-283
    • (1994) Wetlands , vol.14 , pp. 276-283
    • Michot, T.C.1    Chadwick, P.C.2
  • 88
    • 0028602405 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory on shoalgrass by wintering redheads in Texas
    • Mitchell CA, Custer TA, Zwank PJ (1994) Herbivory on shoalgrass by wintering redheads in Texas. J Wildl Mgmt 58: 131-141
    • (1994) J Wildl Mgmt , vol.58 , pp. 131-141
    • Mitchell, C.A.1    Custer, T.A.2    Zwank, P.J.3
  • 90
    • 0000557068 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurement of ingestion rate for the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck)
    • Montague JR, Aguinaga JA, Ambrisco KL, Vassil DL, Collazo W (1991) Laboratory measurement of ingestion rate for the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck). Fla Scient 54:129-134
    • (1991) Fla Scient , vol.54 , pp. 129-134
    • Montague, J.R.1    Aguinaga, J.A.2    Ambrisco, K.L.3    Vassil, D.L.4    Collazo, W.5
  • 91
    • 0026540210 scopus 로고
    • The nutritional role of seagrass in the omnivorous fish Lagodon rhomboides (L.)
    • Montgomery JLM, Targett TE (1992) The nutritional role of seagrass in the omnivorous fish Lagodon rhomboides (L.). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 158:37-57
    • (1992) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.158 , pp. 37-57
    • Montgomery, J.L.M.1    Targett, T.E.2
  • 92
    • 0028994322 scopus 로고
    • Grazing effects of a gammaridean Amphipoda, Ampithoe sp., on the seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium, and epiphytes in a tropical seagrass bed of Fiji
    • Mukai H, Iijima A (1995) Grazing effects of a gammaridean Amphipoda, Ampithoe sp., on the seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium, and epiphytes in a tropical seagrass bed of Fiji. Ecol Res 10:243-257
    • (1995) Ecol Res , vol.10 , pp. 243-257
    • Mukai, H.1    Iijima, A.2
  • 93
    • 0022172879 scopus 로고
    • A study of food chains in seagrass communities. 3. Stable carbon isotope ratios
    • Nichols P, Klumpp DW, Johns RB (1985) A study of food chains in seagrass communities. 3. Stable carbon isotope ratios. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 36:683-690
    • (1985) Aust J Mar Freshw Res , vol.36 , pp. 683-690
    • Nichols, P.1    Klumpp, D.W.2    Johns, R.B.3
  • 94
    • 0002508468 scopus 로고
    • Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina) by birds and invertebrates: An annual budget
    • Nienhaus PH, Groenendijk AM (1986) Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina) by birds and invertebrates: an annual budget. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 29:29-35
    • (1986) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.29 , pp. 29-35
    • Nienhaus, P.H.1    Groenendijk, A.M.2
  • 95
    • 0000712848 scopus 로고
    • Consumption of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by birds and invertebrates during the growing season in Lake Grevekingen (SW Netherlands)
    • Nienhaus PH, Van Ierland ET (1978) Consumption of eelgrass, Zostera marina, by birds and invertebrates during the growing season in Lake Grevekingen (SW Netherlands). Neth J Sea Res 12:180-194
    • (1978) Neth J Sea Res , vol.12 , pp. 180-194
    • Nienhaus, P.H.1    Van Ierland, E.T.2
  • 96
    • 0003042894 scopus 로고
    • Conservation by conflict in Nicaragua
    • Nietschmann B (1990) Conservation by conflict in Nicaragua. Nat Hist 99:42-49
    • (1990) Nat Hist , vol.99 , pp. 42-49
    • Nietschmann, B.1
  • 97
    • 0040718826 scopus 로고
    • Good dugong, bad dugong and bad turtle, good turtle
    • Nietschmann B, Nietschmann J (1981) Good dugong, bad dugong and bad turtle, good turtle. Nat Hist 90:54-63
    • (1981) Nat Hist , vol.90 , pp. 54-63
    • Nietschmann, B.1    Nietschmann, J.2
  • 98
    • 0002892486 scopus 로고
    • The dugong
    • Ridgeway SH, Harrison RJ (eds) Academic Press, London
    • Nishiwaki M, Marsh H (1985) The dugong. In: Ridgeway SH, Harrison RJ (eds) Handbook of marine mammals, Vol 3. Academic Press, London, p 1-31
    • (1985) Handbook of Marine Mammals , vol.3 , pp. 1-31
    • Nishiwaki, M.1    Marsh, H.2
  • 99
    • 0008614351 scopus 로고
    • Feeding habits of fishes associated with a tropical seagrass bed in Papua New Guinea
    • Nojima S, Mukai H (1990) Feeding habits of fishes associated with a tropical seagrass bed in Papua New Guinea. Publ Amakusa Mar Biol Lab 10:175-186
    • (1990) Publ Amakusa Mar Biol Lab , vol.10 , pp. 175-186
    • Nojima, S.1    Mukai, H.2
  • 100
    • 0000948971 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of herbivore-plant relations in Caribbean reefs and seagrass beds
    • Ogden JC (1976) Some aspects of herbivore-plant relations in Caribbean reefs and seagrass beds. Aquat Bot 2: 103-116
    • (1976) Aquat Bot , vol.2 , pp. 103-116
    • Ogden, J.C.1
  • 101
    • 0001864892 scopus 로고
    • Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass beds
    • Phillips RC, McRoy CP (eds) Garland STPM Press, New York
    • Ogden JC (1980) Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass beds. In: Phillips RC, McRoy CP (eds) Handbook of seagrass biology. An ecosystem perspective. Garland STPM Press, New York, p 173-198
    • (1980) Handbook of Seagrass Biology. An Ecosystem Perspective , pp. 173-198
    • Ogden, J.C.1
  • 102
    • 0000916638 scopus 로고
    • Grazing by the echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi: Formation of halos around West Indian patch reefs
    • Ogden JC, Brown R, Salesky N (1973) Grazing by the echinoid Diadema antillarum Philippi: formation of halos around West Indian patch reefs. Science 182:715-717
    • (1973) Science , vol.182 , pp. 715-717
    • Ogden, J.C.1    Brown, R.2    Salesky, N.3
  • 103
    • 0020374504 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of two representative seagrass communities in Palau, Western Caroline Islands (Micronesia)
    • Ogden JC, Ogden NB (1982) A preliminary study of two representative seagrass communities in Palau, Western Caroline Islands (Micronesia). Aquat Bot 12:229-244
    • (1982) Aquat Bot , vol.12 , pp. 229-244
    • Ogden, J.C.1    Ogden, N.B.2
  • 104
    • 0001646074 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of coral reef-seagrass bed contacts in the Caribbean
    • Ogden JC, Zieman JC (1977) Ecological aspects of coral reef-seagrass bed contacts in the Caribbean. Proc 3rd Int Coral Reef Symp 1:377-382
    • (1977) Proc 3rd Int Coral Reef Symp , vol.1 , pp. 377-382
    • Ogden, J.C.1    Zieman, J.C.2
  • 105
    • 0000876707 scopus 로고
    • Diel foraging patterns in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas L.) in St. Croix United States Virgin Islands
    • Ogden JC, Robinson L, Whitlock K, Daganhardt H, Cebula R (1983) Diel foraging patterns in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas L.) in St. Croix United States Virgin Islands. J Exp Mar Ecol 66:199-205
    • (1983) J Exp Mar Ecol , vol.66 , pp. 199-205
    • Ogden, J.C.1    Robinson, L.2    Whitlock, K.3    Daganhardt, H.4    Cebula, R.5
  • 106
    • 34250470528 scopus 로고
    • The origin of nitrogen and phosphorus for growth of the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum
    • Patriquin DG (1972) The origin of nitrogen and phosphorus for growth of the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum. Mar Biol 15:35-46
    • (1972) Mar Biol , vol.15 , pp. 35-46
    • Patriquin, D.G.1
  • 107
    • 0000770606 scopus 로고
    • 'Migration' of blowouts in seagrass beds at Barbados and Carriacou, West Indies, and its ecological and geological implications
    • Patriquin DG (1975) 'Migration' of blowouts in seagrass beds at Barbados and Carriacou, West Indies, and its ecological and geological implications. Aquat Bot 1:163-189
    • (1975) Aquat Bot , vol.1 , pp. 163-189
    • Patriquin, D.G.1
  • 108
    • 0029660675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilisation of mangroves and seagrasses by fishes in the Negombo Estuary, Sri Lanka
    • Pinto L, Punchihewa N (1996) Utilisation of mangroves and seagrasses by fishes in the Negombo Estuary, Sri Lanka. Mar Biol 126:333-345
    • (1996) Mar Biol , vol.126 , pp. 333-345
    • Pinto, L.1    Punchihewa, N.2
  • 109
    • 0002642493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophodynamics of reef fisheries productivity
    • Polunin NVC, Roberts CM (eds) Chapman and Hall, London
    • Polunin NVC (1996) Trophodynamics of reef fisheries productivity. In: Polunin NVC, Roberts CM (eds) Reef fisheries. Chapman and Hall, London, p 113-135
    • (1996) Reef Fisheries , pp. 113-135
    • Polunin, N.V.C.1
  • 110
    • 0013496552 scopus 로고
    • Selective grazing and differential digestion by zooplankton
    • Porter KG (1973) Selective grazing and differential digestion by zooplankton. Nature 224:179-180
    • (1973) Nature , vol.224 , pp. 179-180
    • Porter, K.G.1
  • 111
    • 0000115208 scopus 로고
    • The plant-animal interface in freshwater ecosystems
    • Porter KG (1977) The plant-animal interface in freshwater ecosystems. Am Nat 65:159-170
    • (1977) Am Nat , vol.65 , pp. 159-170
    • Porter, K.G.1
  • 112
    • 0028163552 scopus 로고
    • The distribution and utilisation of Zostera species in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland
    • Portig AA, Mathers RG, Montgomery WI, Govier RN (1994) The distribution and utilisation of Zostera species in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. Aquat Bot 47:317-328
    • (1994) Aquat Bot , vol.47 , pp. 317-328
    • Portig, A.A.1    Mathers, R.G.2    Montgomery, W.I.3    Govier, R.N.4
  • 113
    • 0024944454 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence of nutrient limitation of seagrass growth in a tropical estuary with restricted circulation
    • Powell GVN, Kenworthy WJ, Fourqurean JW (1989) Experimental evidence of nutrient limitation of seagrass growth in a tropical estuary with restricted circulation. Bull Mar Sci 44:324-340
    • (1989) Bull Mar Sci , vol.44 , pp. 324-340
    • Powell, G.V.N.1    Kenworthy, W.J.2    Fourqurean, J.W.3
  • 114
    • 0029506104 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: Observational and experimental evidence for cultivation grazing
    • Preen A (1995) Impacts of dugong foraging on seagrass habitats: observational and experimental evidence for cultivation grazing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124:201-213
    • (1995) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.124 , pp. 201-213
    • Preen, A.1
  • 115
    • 0002804696 scopus 로고
    • Observations of associations between seagrass beds and manatees in east central Florida
    • Provancha J, Hall CR (1991) Observations of associations between seagrass beds and manatees in east central Florida. Fla Scient 54:87-98
    • (1991) Fla Scient , vol.54 , pp. 87-98
    • Provancha, J.1    Hall, C.R.2
  • 116
    • 0000715217 scopus 로고
    • Grazing effect on sea grasses by herbivorous reef fishes in the West Indies
    • Randall JE (1965) Grazing effect on sea grasses by herbivorous reef fishes in the West Indies. Ecology 46: 255-260
    • (1965) Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 255-260
    • Randall, J.E.1
  • 117
    • 0000642169 scopus 로고
    • Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies
    • Randall JE (1967) Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud Trop Oceanogr 5:665-847
    • (1967) Stud Trop Oceanogr , vol.5 , pp. 665-847
    • Randall, J.E.1
  • 118
    • 0000869378 scopus 로고
    • The detritus nitrogen problem: New observations and perspectives from organic geochemistry
    • Rice DL (1982) The detritus nitrogen problem: new observations and perspectives from organic geochemistry. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 9:153-162
    • (1982) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.9 , pp. 153-162
    • Rice, D.L.1
  • 119
    • 13044283570 scopus 로고
    • The southern sea-garfish Hyporamphus melanochir: A diurnal herbivore and nocturnal carnivore
    • Robertson AI, Klumpp DW (1983) The southern sea-garfish Hyporamphus melanochir: a diurnal herbivore and nocturnal carnivore. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10:207-213
    • (1983) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.10 , pp. 207-213
    • Robertson, A.I.1    Klumpp, D.W.2
  • 120
  • 121
    • 0023498723 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sediment nutrients on seagrasses: Literature review and mesocosm experiment
    • Short FT (1987) Effects of sediment nutrients on seagrasses: literature review and mesocosm experiment. Aquat Bot 27:41-57
    • (1987) Aquat Bot , vol.27 , pp. 41-57
    • Short, F.T.1
  • 122
    • 0027807851 scopus 로고
    • Production and nutrient dynamics of a Syringodium filiforme Kutz seagrass bed in Indian River Lagoon, Florida
    • Short FT, Montgomery J, Zimmerman CF, Short CA (1993) Production and nutrient dynamics of a Syringodium filiforme Kutz seagrass bed in Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Estuaries 16:323-334
    • (1993) Estuaries , vol.16 , pp. 323-334
    • Short, F.T.1    Montgomery, J.2    Zimmerman, C.F.3    Short, C.A.4
  • 123
    • 84955840389 scopus 로고
    • Cyclone associated feeding changes in the dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia)
    • Spain AV, Heinsohn GE (1973) Cyclone associated feeding changes in the dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia). Mammalia 37:678-680
    • (1973) Mammalia , vol.37 , pp. 678-680
    • Spain, A.V.1    Heinsohn, G.E.2
  • 124
    • 0003065144 scopus 로고
    • Seasonality of fishes on a South Florida shore
    • Springer VG, McErlean AJ (1962) Seasonality of fishes on a South Florida shore. Bull Mar Sci 12:39-60
    • (1962) Bull Mar Sci , vol.12 , pp. 39-60
    • Springer, V.G.1    McErlean, A.J.2
  • 125
    • 0000892955 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory on coral reefs: A synthesis
    • Steneck RS (1988) Herbivory on coral reefs: a synthesis. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp 1:37-49
    • (1988) Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp , vol.1 , pp. 37-49
    • Steneck, R.S.1
  • 126
    • 0028163801 scopus 로고
    • A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities
    • Steneck RS, Dethier MN (1994) A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities. Oikos 69:476-498
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.69 , pp. 476-498
    • Steneck, R.S.1    Dethier, M.N.2
  • 127
    • 0024483866 scopus 로고
    • Diel activity patterns and foraging dynamics of the sea urchin Tripneustes ventricosus in a tropical seagrass community and a reef environment. (Virgin Islands) PSZN I
    • Tertschnig WP (1989) Diel activity patterns and foraging dynamics of the sea urchin Tripneustes ventricosus in a tropical seagrass community and a reef environment. (Virgin Islands) PSZN I: Mar Ecol 10:3-21
    • (1989) Mar Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 3-21
    • Tertschnig, W.P.1
  • 129
    • 0008174342 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal distribution and changes in the nutritive quality of living and detrital fractions of Zostera marina L
    • Thayer GW, Engel DW, La Croix MW (1977) Seasonal distribution and changes in the nutritive quality of living and detrital fractions of Zostera marina L. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 30:109-127
    • (1977) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.30 , pp. 109-127
    • Thayer, G.W.1    Engel, D.W.2    La Croix, M.W.3
  • 130
    • 0001890659 scopus 로고
    • The stable carbon isotope ratio of some components of an eelgrass, Zostera marina, bed
    • Thayer GW, Parker PL, LaCroix MW, Fry B (1978) The stable carbon isotope ratio of some components of an eelgrass, Zostera marina, bed. Oecologia 35:1-12
    • (1978) Oecologia , vol.35 , pp. 1-12
    • Thayer, G.W.1    Parker, P.L.2    Lacroix, M.W.3    Fry, B.4
  • 131
    • 0025020527 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of benthic vegetation standing-stock, irradiance, and water properties in central Puget Sound
    • Thom RM, Albright RG (1990) Dynamics of benthic vegetation standing-stock, irradiance, and water properties in central Puget Sound. Mar Biol 104:129-141
    • (1990) Mar Biol , vol.104 , pp. 129-141
    • Thom, R.M.1    Albright, R.G.2
  • 132
    • 84971021363 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the ecology of Lake Macquarie, NSW, with regard to an alleged depletion of fish. IX. The fishes and their food
    • Thompson JM (1959) Some aspects of the ecology of Lake Macquarie, NSW, with regard to an alleged depletion of fish. IX. The fishes and their food. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 10:365-374
    • (1959) Aust J Mar Freshw Res , vol.10 , pp. 365-374
    • Thompson, J.M.1
  • 133
    • 0001723202 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for physiological integration between shaded and unshaded short shoots of Thalassia testudinum
    • Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ (1989) Evidence for physiological integration between shaded and unshaded short shoots of Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 54:299-305
    • (1989) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.54 , pp. 299-305
    • Tomasko, D.A.1    Dawes, C.J.2
  • 134
    • 0000093968 scopus 로고
    • On the morphology and anatomy of the turtlegrass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) I. Vegetative morphology
    • Tomlinson PB, Vargo GA (1966) On the morphology and anatomy of the turtlegrass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) I. Vegetative morphology. Bull Mar Sci 16: 748-761
    • (1966) Bull Mar Sci , vol.16 , pp. 748-761
    • Tomlinson, P.B.1    Vargo, G.A.2
  • 135
    • 0006727646 scopus 로고
    • Reef-based herbivores and the distribution of two seagrasses (Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum) in the San Blas Islands (Western Caribbean)
    • Tribble GW (1981) Reef-based herbivores and the distribution of two seagrasses (Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum) in the San Blas Islands (Western Caribbean). Mar Biol 65:277-281
    • (1981) Mar Biol , vol.65 , pp. 277-281
    • Tribble, G.W.1
  • 136
    • 0021065282 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of Zostera and its exploitation by wildfowl in the Solent, Southern England
    • Tubbs CR, Tubbs JM (1983) The distribution of Zostera and its exploitation by wildfowl in the Solent, Southern England. Aquat Bot 15:223-239
    • (1983) Aquat Bot , vol.15 , pp. 223-239
    • Tubbs, C.R.1    Tubbs, J.M.2
  • 137
    • 0020414957 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies on the sea urchin Lytechinus vanegatus and the algal-seagrass commuities of the Miskito Cays, Nicaragua
    • Vadas RL, Fenchel T, Ogden JC (1982) Ecological studies on the sea urchin Lytechinus vanegatus and the algal-seagrass commuities of the Miskito Cays, Nicaragua. Aquat Bot 14:139-150
    • (1982) Aquat Bot , vol.14 , pp. 139-150
    • Vadas, R.L.1    Fenchel, T.2    Ogden, J.C.3
  • 139
    • 0001454650 scopus 로고
    • The role of sea urchin herbivory in regulating subtropical seagrass meadows: Evidence from field manipulations in the northern Gulf of Mexico
    • Valentine JF, Heck KL Jr (1991) The role of sea urchin herbivory in regulating subtropical seagrass meadows: evidence from field manipulations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 154:215-230
    • (1991) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.154 , pp. 215-230
    • Valentine, J.F.1    Heck Jr., K.L.2
  • 140
    • 0030884170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence that herbivory can increase shoot density in a subtropical turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) meadow
    • Valentine JF, Heck KL, Busby J, Webb D (1997) Experimental evidence that herbivory can increase shoot density in a subtropical turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) meadow Oecologia 112:193-200
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.112 , pp. 193-200
    • Valentine, J.F.1    Heck, K.L.2    Busby, J.3    Webb, D.4
  • 141
    • 0023508752 scopus 로고
    • Effects of food availability and fish predation on a zooplankton community
    • Vanni MJ (1987a) Effects of food availability and fish predation on a zooplankton community Ecol Monogr 57:61-88
    • (1987) Ecol Monogr , vol.57 , pp. 61-88
    • Vanni, M.J.1
  • 142
    • 0023490929 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nutrients and zooplankton size on the structure of a phytoplankton community
    • Vanni MJ (1987b) Effects of nutrients and zooplankton size on the structure of a phytoplankton community Ecology 68: 624-635
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 624-635
    • Vanni, M.J.1
  • 143
    • 0010742530 scopus 로고
    • Note preliminaire sur les relations biotiques Paracentrotus lividus (LMK.) et herbier de posidonies
    • Verlaque M, Nedelec H (1983) Note preliminaire sur les relations biotiques Paracentrotus lividus (LMK.) et herbier de posidonies. Rapp PV Réun Comm Int Explor Sci Mer 28: 157-158
    • (1983) Rapp PV Réun Comm Int Explor Sci Mer , vol.28 , pp. 157-158
    • Verlaque, M.1    Nedelec, H.2
  • 144
    • 0020386102 scopus 로고
    • Depth limits of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum (König) in Jobos and Guayanilla Bays, Puerto Rico
    • Vicente VP, Rivera JA (1982) Depth limits of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum (König) in Jobos and Guayanilla Bays, Puerto Rico. Caribb J Sci 17:73-79
    • (1982) Caribb J Sci , vol.17 , pp. 73-79
    • Vicente, V.P.1    Rivera, J.A.2
  • 146
    • 0001734422 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-limited primary productivity of coral reef algal turfs: Potential contribution of ammonium excreted by Diadema antillarum
    • Williams SL, Carpenter RC (1988) Nitrogen-limited primary productivity of coral reef algal turfs: potential contribution of ammonium excreted by Diadema antillarum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 47:145-152
    • (1988) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.47 , pp. 145-152
    • Williams, S.L.1    Carpenter, R.C.2
  • 147
    • 0003375162 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the comparative biology of parrotfishes at Bermuda
    • Winn HE, Bardach JE (1960) Some aspects of the comparative biology of parrotfishes at Bermuda. Zoologica 45:29-34
    • (1960) Zoologica , vol.45 , pp. 29-34
    • Winn, H.E.1    Bardach, J.E.2
  • 148
    • 84989991700 scopus 로고
    • Sun compass orientation by parrotfishes
    • Winn HE, Salomon M, Roberts N (1964) Sun compass orientation by parrotfishes. Z Tierpsychol 21:798-812
    • (1964) Z Tierpsychol , vol.21 , pp. 798-812
    • Winn, H.E.1    Salomon, M.2    Roberts, N.3
  • 149
    • 0000010179 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative and dynamic aspects of the ecology of turtle grass Thalassia testudinum
    • Cronin L (ed) Academic Press, New York
    • Zieman JC (1975) Quantitative and dynamic aspects of the ecology of turtle grass Thalassia testudinum. In: Cronin L (ed) Estuarine research, Vol 1, Chemistry, biology and the estuarine system. Academic Press, New York, p 541-562
    • (1975) Estuarine Research, Vol 1, Chemistry, Biology and the Estuarine System , vol.1 , pp. 541-562
    • Zieman, J.C.1
  • 150
    • 0007656063 scopus 로고
    • Food webs in tropical seagrass systems
    • Ogden JC, Gladfelter EH (eds) Coral reefs, seagrass meadows and mangroves: their interaction in the coastal zones of the Caribbean.
    • Zieman JC (1983) Food webs in tropical seagrass systems. In: Ogden JC, Gladfelter EH (eds) Coral reefs, seagrass meadows and mangroves: their interaction in the coastal zones of the Caribbean. UNESCO Rep Mar Sci 23:80-86
    • (1983) UNESCO Rep Mar Sci , vol.23 , pp. 80-86
    • Zieman, J.C.1
  • 151
    • 0024871831 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of the seagrass meadows of the west coast of Florida: A community profile
    • 7.25
    • Zieman JC, Zieman RT (1989) The ecology of the seagrass meadows of the west coast of Florida: a community profile. Biol Rep 85(7.25)
    • (1989) Biol Rep , vol.85
    • Zieman, J.C.1    Zieman, R.T.2
  • 152
    • 0000793386 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory effects on Thalassia testudinum leaf growth and nitrogen content
    • Zieman JC, Iverson RL, Ogden JC (1984) Herbivory effects on Thalassia testudinum leaf growth and nitrogen content. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 15:151-158
    • (1984) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.15 , pp. 151-158
    • Zieman, J.C.1    Iverson, R.L.2    Ogden, J.C.3
  • 153
    • 0017127041 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the kraft-mill effluents on benthic macrophyte assemblages in a shallow bay system (Apalachee Bay, North Florida, USA)
    • Zimmerman RC, Livingston RJ (1976) Effects of the kraft-mill effluents on benthic macrophyte assemblages in a shallow bay system (Apalachee Bay, North Florida, USA). Mar Biol 34:297-312
    • (1976) Mar Biol , vol.34 , pp. 297-312
    • Zimmerman, R.C.1    Livingston, R.J.2
  • 154
    • 0029801415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism: The effect of limpet grazing on growth, productivity and carbon allocation of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass)
    • Zimmerman RC, Kohrs DG, Alberte RS (1996) Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism: the effect of limpet grazing on growth, productivity and carbon allocation of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass). Oecologia 107:560-567
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.107 , pp. 560-567
    • Zimmerman, R.C.1    Kohrs, D.G.2    Alberte, R.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.