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For reviews on biaryl preparation methods and applications see: (a) Bringmann, G.; Walter, R.; Weirich, R., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1990, 29, 977;
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Ullmann, F., Ber., 1903, 36, 2389.
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84947151032
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(a) Miyamura, N.; Yanagi, T.; Suzuki, A., Synth. Commun., 1981, 11, 513;
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(c) Moreno-Mañas, M.; Pérez, M.; Pleixats, R., J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 2346.
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Brenda, M.; Knebelkamp, A.; Greiner, A.; Heitz, W., Synlett, 1991, 809.
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Hassan, J.; Penalva, V.; Lavenot, L.; Gozzi, C.; Lemaire, M., Tetrahedron, 1998, 54, 13793.
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Lemaire, M.5
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33751385273
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Marques, C. A.; Selva, M.; Tundo, P., J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 5256.
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13
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0030034622
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cf. Zhang, H.; Chan, K. S., Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 1043.
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Zhang, H.1
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Totten, G. E.; Clinton, N. A.; Matlock, P. L., Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1998, C38, 77.
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15
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0000134885
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in press
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Mukhopadhyay, S.; Rothenberg, G.; Gitis, D.; Wiener, H.; Sasson, Y., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1999, in press.
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Sasson, Y.5
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16
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0001819458
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A similar mechanistic approach was suggested for the Pd-catalyzed coupling of halopyridines
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A similar mechanistic approach was suggested for the Pd-catalyzed coupling of halopyridines: Munavalli, S.; Rossman, D. I.; Szafraniec, L. L.; Beaudry, W. T.; Rohrbaugh, D. K.; Ferguson, C. P.; Grätzel, M., J. Fluor. Chem., 1995, 73, 1.
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17
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(a) Zaidman, B.; Wiener, H.; Sasson, Y., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1986, 11, 341.
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(b) Wiener, H.; Zaidman, B.; Sasson, Y., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1989, 14, 365.
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19
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0001538472
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For the reverse reaction, see (c) Wiener, H.; Blum, J.; Feilchenfeld, H.; Sasson, Y., Zalmanov, N., J. Catal., 1988, 184.
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Zalmanov, N.5
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20
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85038134832
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note
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Attack of the phenyl radicals on substrate molecules in the bulk (eq 5) is improbable, as no chlorobiphenyls were observed. Nor were analogous products observed in the coupling of the other substrates, so we may conclude that the aryl radicals couple on the catalyst surface, followed by desorption of biphenyl. (Formula presented)
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22
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0001638760
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where hydro-dehalogenation was found to be zero order in the substrate
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(a) cf. Marques, C. A.; Selva, M.; Tundo, P., J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 3830, where hydro-dehalogenation was found to be zero order in the substrate.
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J. Org. Chem.
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Marques, C.A.1
Selva, M.2
Tundo, P.3
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23
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0033414654
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(b) Blackmond, D. G.; Rosner, T.; Pfaltz, A.; Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 1999, 3, 275-280.
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Blackmond, D.G.1
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Pfaltz, A.3
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24
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0008300963
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Tamura, Y.; Chun, M. -W.; Inoue, K.; Minamikawa, J., Synthesis, 1978, 822.
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0001598631
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McKillop, A.; Elsom, L. F.; Taylor, E. C., Tetrahedron, 1970, 26, 4041.
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McKillop, A.1
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Taylor, E.C.3
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0000754207
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Trost, B. M.; Arndt, H. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 5288.
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Arndt, H.C.2
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