Drug interactions and the statins

CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association Journal

Volumn 161, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 1281-1286

  Herman, Robert J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALBUMIN; CAFFEINE; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; CYTOCHROME P450; DAPSONE; DIAZEPAM; DICOUMAROL; DIGOXIN; DRUG METABOLITE; ENZYME; ENZYME INDUCING AGENT; ENZYME INHIBITOR; ESTROGEN; HALOPERIDOL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOSARTAN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PLASMA PROTEIN; PROPRANOLOL; PROTEOLIPID PROTEIN; QUINIDINE; SULFONAMIDE; TAMOXIFEN; THEOPHYLLINE; TOLBUTAMIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG; WARFARIN;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; FOOD DRUG INTERACTION; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIVER DISEASE; MYALGIA; MYOPATHY; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS;

EID: 0033576261     PISSN: 08203946     EISSN: 14882329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. 1. Nies AS, Spielberg SP, Principles of therapeutics. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 43-62.
2. 2. Roland M, Tozer TN. Interacting drugs. In: Roland M, Tozer TN, editors. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1989. p. 255-75.
3. 3. Hansten PD. Understanding drug-drug interactions. Science & Medicine 1998;5(1):16-25.
4. 4. Ross EM. Mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 29-42.
5. 5. Pounder DJ, Hartley AK, Watmough PJ. Postmortem redistribution and degradation of dothiepin. Human case studies and an animal model. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1994;15:231-5.
6. 6. Fromm MF, Kim RB, Stein CM, Wilkinson GR, Roden DM. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport: a unifying mechanism to explain the interaction between digoxin and quinidine. Circulation 1999;99:552-7.
7. 7. Roland M, Tozer TN. Variability. In: Roland M, Tozer TN, editors. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1989. p. 197-212.
8. 8. Herman RJ, Szakacs CBN, Verbceck RK. Analysis of polymorphic variation in drug metabolism: II. Effects of data transformation on the sensitivity and specificity of modal detection. Clin Invest Med 1994;17:290-6.
9. 9. Bertz RJ, Granneman GR. Use of in vitro and in vivo data to estimate the likelihood of metabolic pharmacokinetic interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;32:210-58.
10. 10. Michalets EL. Update: clinically significant cytochrome P-450 drug interactions. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18:84-112.
11. 11. Nelson DR, Koymans L, Kamataki T, Stegeman JJ, Feyereissen R, Waxman DJ, et al. P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6:1-42.
12. 12. Rendic S, Di Carlo FJ. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes: a status report summarizing their reactions, substrates, inducers and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev 1997;29:413-580.
13. 13. Guengerich FP. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes. in: Ortiz de Montellano PR, editor. Cytochrome P450 - structure, mechanism and biochemistry. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press; 1995. p. 473-535.
14. 14. Spatzeneger M, Jaeger W. Hepatic P450 in drug metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 1995;27:397-417.
15. 15. Cupp MJ, Tracy TS. Cytochrome P450: new nomenclature and clinical implications. Am Fam Physician 1998;57:107-16.
16. 16. Yue QY, Svensson JO, Alin C, Sjoqvist F, Sawe J. Codeine o-demethylation co-segregates with polymorphic debrisequine hydroxylation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989;28:639-45.
17. 17. Ozdemir V, Fourie J, Busto U, Naranjo CA. Pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly. Do they contribute to drug abuse and dependence? Clin Pharmacokinet 1996;31:372-85.
18. 18. Hunt CM, Westerkam WR, Stave GM. Effect of age and gender on the activity of human hepatic CYP3A. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;44:275-83.
19. 19. Grundy SM. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1988;319:24-33.
20. 20. Tobert JA. Efficacy and long-term adverse effect pattern of lovastatin. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:28J-34J.
21. 21. Pedersen TR, Berg K, Cook TJ, Faergeman O, Haghfelt T, Kjekshus J, et al. Safety and tolerability of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin during 5 years in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:2085-92.
22. 22. Hrab RV, Hartman HA, Cox RH Jr. Prevention of fluvastatin-induced toxicity, mortality, and cardiac myopathy in pregnant rats by mevaionic acid supplementation. Teratology 1994;50:19-26.
23. 23. Flint OP, Masters BA, Gregg RE, Durham SK. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor-induced myotoxicity: pravastatin and lovastatin inhibit the geranylgeranylation of low-molecular-weight proteins in neonatal rat muscle culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997;145:99-110.
24. 24. Gadbut AP, Caruso AP, Galper JB. Differential sensitivity of C2-C12 striated muscle cells to lovastatin and pravastatin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995;27:2397-402.
25. 25. Smith PF, Eydelloth RS, Grossman SJ, Stubbs RJ, Schwartz MS, Germershausen JI, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor-induced myopathy in the rat: cyclosporine A interaction and mechanism studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991;257:1225-35.
26. 26. Davidson MH, Stein EA, Dujovne CA, Hunninghake DB, Weiss SR, Knopp RH, et al. The efficacy and 6-week tolerability of simvastatin 80 and 160 mg/day. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:38-42.
27. 27. Nakai A, Nishikata M, Uchida T, Ichikawa M, Matsuyama K. Enhanced myopathy following administration of hypolipidemic agents under urethane anesthesia. Biol Pharm Bull 1997;20:104-6.
28. 28. Pierce LR, Wysowski DK, Gross TP. Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis associated with lovastatin-gemfibrozil combination therapy. JAMA 1990;264:71-5.
29. 29. Abdul-Ghaffar NU, el-Sonhaty MR. Pancreatitis and rhabdomyolysis associated with lovastatin-gemfibrozil therapy. J Gastroenterol 1995;21:340-1.
30. 30. Van Puijenbroek EP, Du Buf-Vereijken PWG, Spooren PFMJ, van Doormaal JJ. Possible increased risk of rhabdomyolysis during concomitant use of simvastatin and gemfibrozil. J Intern Med 1996;240:403-4.
31. 31. Tal A, Rajeshawari M, Isley W. Rhabdomyolysis associated with simvastatin-gemfibrozil therapy. South Med J 1997;90:546-7.
32. 32. Garnett WR. Interactions with hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1995;52:1639-45.
33. 33. Spach DH, Bauwens JE, Clark CD, Burke WG. Rhabdomyolysis associated with lovastatin and erythromycin use. West J Med 1991;154:213-5.
34. 34. Lecs RS, Lees AM. Rhabdomyolysis from the coadministration of lovastatin and the antifungal agent itraconazole. N Engl J Med 1995;333:664-5.
35. 35. Horn M. Coadministration of itraconazole with hypolipidemic agents may induce rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132:1254.
36. 36. Meier C, Stey C, Brack T, Maggiorini M, Risti B, Krahenbuhl S. Rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with simvastatin/ciclosporin: role of the hepatic P450 enzyme. Schweiz Med Wocheschr 1995;125:27-8.
37. 37. Barclay P, O'Connell P. Clarithromycin drug interactions complicating cyclosporine and simvastatin therapy [abstract]. Austral J Hosp Pharm 1996; 26:180.
38. 38. Ahmad S. Diltiazem myopathy [letter]. Am Heart J 1993;126:1494-5.
39. 39. Lennernas H, Fager G. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Similarities and differences. Clin Pharmacokinetics 1997;32:403-25.
40. 40. Lea AP, McTavish D. Atorvastatin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of hyperlipidemias. Drugs 1997;53:828-47.
41. 41. Boberg M, Angerbauer R, Fey P, Kanhai WK, Karl W, Kern A, et al. Metabolism of cerivastatin by human liver microsomes in vitro. Characterization of primary metabolic pathways and of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved. Drug Metab Dispos 1997;25:321-31.
42. 42. Transon C, Leemann T, Vogt N, Dayer P. In vivo inhibition profile of cytochrome P450TB (CYP2C9) by (+/-)-fluvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995;58:412-7.
43. 43. Jacobsen W, Kirchner G, Hallensleben K, Mancinelli L, Deters M, Hackbarth I, et al. Comparison of cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism and drug interactions of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors lovastatin and pravastatin in the liver. Drug Metab Dispos 1999;27:173-9.
44. 44. Kocarek TA, Reddy AB. Regulation of cytochrome P450 expression by inhibitors of hyrdroxymethylgutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and in rat liver. Drug Metab Dispos 1996;24:1197-204.
45. 45. Mauro VF. Clinical pharmacokinetics and practical appilications of simvastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993;24:195-202.
46. 46. Muck W, Ritter W, Ochmann K, Unger S, Ahr G, Wingender W, et al. Absolute and relative bioavailability of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor cerivastatin. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;35:255-60.
47. 47. Azie E, Brater DC, Becker PA, Jones DR, Hall SD. The interaction of diltiazem with lovastatin and pravastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64:369-77.
48. 48. Neuvonen PJ, Jalava KM. Itraconazole drastically increases plasma concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;60:54-61.
49. 49. Kivisto KT, Kantola T, Neuvonen PJ. Different effects of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and lovastatin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;46:49-53.
50. 50. Neuvonen PJ, Kantola T, Kivisto KT. Simvastatin but not pravastatin is very susceptible to interaction with the CYP3A4 inhibitor itraconazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;63:332-41.
51. 51. Neuvonen PJ, Kantola T, Kivisto KT. Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64:58-65.
52. 52. Yang BB, Siedlik PH, Smithers JA, Sedman AJ, Stern RH. Atorvastatin pharmacokinetic interactions with other CYP3A4 substrates: erythromycin and ethinyl estradiol [abstract]. Pharm Res 1996;13:S437.
53. 53. Muck W, Ochmann K, Rohde G, Unger S, Kuhlmann J. Influence of erythromycin pre-and co-treatment on single-dose pharmacokinetics of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor cerivastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1998;53:469-73.
54. 54. Bradford RH, Shear CL, Chremos AN, Dujovne CA, Franklin FA, Grillo RB, et al. Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL) study results: two-year efficacy and safety follow-up. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:667-73.
55. 55. Haria M, McTavish D. Pravastatin: a reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and clinical effectiveness in the management of coronary heart disease. Drugs 1997;53:299-336.
56. 56. Hsu I, Spinler SA, Johnson NE, Comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor monotherapy in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia. Ann Pharmacother 1995;29:743-59.
57. 57. Ballantyne CM, Bourge RC, Domalik LJ, Eisen HJ, Fishbein DP, Kubo SH, et al. Treatment of hyperlipidemia after heart transplantation and rationale for the heart transplant lipid registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;78:532-5.
58. 58. Spence JD, Munoz CE, Hendricks L, Latchinian L, Khouri HE. Pharmacokinetics of the combination of fluvastatin and genifibrozil. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:80A-83A.
59. 59. Scalvini T, Marocolo D, Cerudelli B, Sleiman I, Balestrieri GP, Giustin G.. Prevastatin-associated myopathy. Report of a case. Recenti Prog Med 1995;86:198-200.
60. 60. Galiana J, Marchan E, Montes I, Pato S. Toxic myopathies related to the administration of hypolipidemic agents: Are the drugs the only things responsible? Rev Clin Esp 1995;195:620-2.
61. 61. Lang JE, Wang P, Glueck CJ. Myopathy associated with lipid lowering therapy in patients with previously undiagnosed or undertreated hypothyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 1996;254:65-92.
62. 62. Hino I, Akama H, Furuya T, Ueda H, Taniguchi A, Hara M, et al. Pravastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1259-60.
63. 63. Giordano N, Senesi M, Mattii G, Battisti E, Villanova M, Gennari C. Polymyositis associated with simvastatin. Lancet 1997;349(9065):1600-1.