Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya

Science

Volumn 285, Issue 5426, 1999, Pages 397-400

  Linthicum, Kenneth J ^a   Anyamba, Assaf ^b   Tucker, Compton J ^b   Kelley, Patrick W ^a   Myers, Monica F ^b   Peters, Clarence J ^c  

^a WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RAIN;

DISEASE PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; MONITORING;

AEDES; ARTICLE; CLIMATE; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; EPIDEMIC; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; FORECASTING; HEMORRHAGIC FEVER; HUMAN; KENYA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEA; VACCINATION; VEGETATION; WATER TEMPERATURE;

ANIMALS; CLIMATE; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FORECASTING; HUMANS; KENYA; OCEANS AND SEAS; PACIFIC OCEAN; RAIN; RIFT VALLEY FEVER; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER;

ANIMALIA; RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS;

EID: 0033575369     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5426.397     Document Type: Article

References (33)

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24. There is a direct relation between rainfall and green vegetation growth, between green vegetation growth and the NDVI, and hence between rainfall and the NDVI. This relation applies to areas receiving precipitation of <800 mm/year. W. K. Lauenroth, in Perspectives in Grassland Ecology, N. French, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 3-24; H. N. Le Houerou and C. H. Hoste, J. Range Manage. 30, 181 (1977); A. R. Malo and S. E. Nicholson, J. Arid environ. 19, 1 (1990); S. E. Nicholson, M. L. Davenport, A. R. Malo, Clim. Change 17, 209 (1990); C. J. Tucker and S. E. Nicholson, Ambio, in press.
25. There is a direct relation between rainfall and green vegetation growth, between green vegetation growth and the NDVI, and hence between rainfall and the NDVI. This relation applies to areas receiving precipitation of <800 mm/year. W. K. Lauenroth, in Perspectives in Grassland Ecology, N. French, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 3-24; H. N. Le Houerou and C. H. Hoste, J. Range Manage. 30, 181 (1977); A. R. Malo and S. E. Nicholson, J. Arid environ. 19, 1 (1990); S. E. Nicholson, M. L. Davenport, A. R. Malo, Clim. Change 17, 209 (1990); C. J. Tucker and S. E. Nicholson, Ambio, in press.
26. There is a direct relation between rainfall and green vegetation growth, between green vegetation growth and the NDVI, and hence between rainfall and the NDVI. This relation applies to areas receiving precipitation of <800 mm/year. W. K. Lauenroth, in Perspectives in Grassland Ecology, N. French, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 3-24; H. N. Le Houerou and C. H. Hoste, J. Range Manage. 30, 181 (1977); A. R. Malo and S. E. Nicholson, J. Arid environ. 19, 1 (1990); S. E. Nicholson, M. L. Davenport, A. R. Malo, Clim. Change 17, 209 (1990); C. J. Tucker and S. E. Nicholson, Ambio, in press.
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31. Correlation coefficients were determined for a data series calculated by the differences between adjacent values with SPSS Trends 6.1 software (SPSS, Chicago, 1994). Nairobi NDVI anomalies were derived from average monthly composite data within 8 by 8 grid cells, each with a spatial resolution of 8 km centered close to Nairobi, Kenya. Monthly AVHRR data were derived from global area coverage data that are produced by the on-board processing of large area coverage data (1.1 km by 1.1 km) and subsequently transmitted to receiving stations in Virginia or Alaska. Composite data were formed by selecting the highest NDVI for each grid cell location from daily data for that month to minimize cloud and atmospheric contamination. NDVI data were calculated and mapped to a Hammer-Aitof projection. The highest value during a monthly period was selected to represent the monthly composite for each grid cell location.
32. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analysis determined by SPSS, Trends 6.1 software.
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