Energy-dependent ionization states of shock-accelerated particles in the solar corona

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 26, Issue 24, 1999, Pages 3585-3588

  Reames, D V ^a,b   Ng, C K ^a,b,c   Tylka, A J ^b  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c Bldg 142   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLASMAS; SOLAR RADIATION; THERMAL EFFECTS; IONIZATION;

CORONAL PLASMAS; SHOCK ACCELERATED PARTICLES; SOLAR CORONA;

ATMOSPHERIC IONIZATION; IONS;

SOLAR ACTIVITY;

ACCELERATED PARTICLES; AMBIENT PLASMAS; ENERGY DEPENDENCE; ENERGY DEPENDENT; IONIZATION STATE; PLASMA TEMPERATURE; SHOCK ACCELERATION; SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS;

EID: 0033573505     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999GL003656     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Barghouty, A. F., and R. A. Mewaldt, Charge states of solar energetic iron: nonequilibrium calculation with shock-induced acceleration, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 520, L127, 1999.
2. Barkas, W. H., Nuclear Research Emulsions, (Academic Press, New York), p371, 1963.
3. Betz, H.-D., Charge states and charge-changing cross sections of fast heavy ions penetrating through gaseous and solid media, Revs. Modern Phys. 44, 465, 1972.
4. Cohen, C. M. S., et al., Inferred charge states of high energy solar particles from the Solar Isotope Spectrometer on ACE. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 149, 1999a.
5. Cohen, C. M. S., et al., New observations of heavy-ion-rich solar particle events from ACE, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2697, 1999b.
6. Dietrich, K. -G., et al. Charge state of fast heavy ions in a hydrogen plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3623, 1992.
7. Gloeckler, G., et al., Unusual composition of the solar wind in the 2-3 May 1998 CME observed with SWICS on ACE, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 157, 1999.
8. Gosling, J. T., The solar flare myth, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 18949, 1993.
9. Kahler, S. W., Injection profiles for solar energetic particles as functions of coronal mass ejection heights, Astrophvs. J. 428, 837, 1994.
10. Leske, R. A., J. R. Cummings, R. A. Mewaldt, E. C. Stone, and T. T. von Rosenvinge, Measurements of the ionic charge states of solar energetic particles using the geomagnetic field, Astrophys. J. (Letters) 442, L149, 1995.
11. Luhn, A., et al., The mean ionic charges of N, Ne, Mg, Si, and S in solar energetic particle events. Proc. 19th Internal. Cosmic-Ray Conf., (La Jolla) 4, 241, 1985.
12. Luhn, A., and D. Hovestadt, Calculation of the mean equilibrium charges of energetic ions after passing through a hot plasma, Astrophys. J. 317, 852, 1987.
13. 3He-rich solar flares, Astrophys. J. 317, 951, 1987.
14. Mason, G. M., J. E. Mazur, M. D. Looper, and R. A. Mewaldt, Charge state measurements of solar energetic particles observed with SAMPEX, Astrophys. J. 452, 901, 1995.
15. Mazur, J. E., G. M. Mason, M. D. Looper, R. A. Leske, and R. A. Mewaldt, Charge state of energetic particles using the geomagnetic cutoff technique: SAMPEX measurements in the 6 November 1997 solar particle event, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 173, 1999.
16. Möbius, E., M. et al., Energy dependence of the ionic charge state distribution during the November 1997 solar energetic particle event, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 145, 1999a.
17. Möbius, E., M. et al., Variation of ionic charge states between solar energetic particle events as observed with ACE SEPICA, Proc. 26th Internat. Cosmic-Ray Conf., (Salt Lake City), 6, 87, 1999b.
18. Ng, C. K., D. V. Reames, and A. J. Tylka, Effects of proton-generated waves on the evolution of solar particle composition in gradual events, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2145, 1999.
19. Oetliker, M. B., et al., The ionic charge of solar energetic particles with energies of 0.3-70 MeV/nucleon, Astrophys. J. 477, 495, 1997.
20. Peter, T. and Meyer-ter-Vehn, J., Energy loss of heavy ions in dense plasma. Nonequilibrium charge states and stopping powers. Phys. Rev. A 43, 2015, 1991.
21. 2, Ar, and Kr: A semiempirical stopping power theory for heavy ions in gasses and solids, Phys. Rev. 173, 390, 1968.
22. Popecki, M. A. et al., Time profiles of ionic charge states for rapidly rising solar active periods, Proc. 26th Internat. Cosmic-Ray Conf., (Salt Lake City) 6, 187, 1999.
23. Reames, D. V., Solar energetic particles: a paradigm shift, Revs. Geophys. (Suppl.) 33, (U. S. National Report to the IUGG), 585, 1995.
24. Reames, D. V., Energetic particles and the structure of coronal mass ejections, in: Coronal Mass Ejections, edited by N. Crooker, J. A. Jocelyn, J. Feynman, Geophys. Monograph 99, (AGU press) p. 217, 1997.
25. Reames, D. V., Particle acceleration at the sun and in the heliosphere, Space Sci. Revs., in press, 1999.
26. Reames, D. V., J. P. Meyer, and T. T. von Rosenvinge, Energetic-particle abundances in impulsive solar-flare events, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 90, 649, 1994.
27. Ruffolo, D., Charge states of solar cosmic rays and constraints on acceleration times and coronal transport, Astrophys. J. (Letters) 481, L119, 1997.
28. Tylka, A. J., P. R. Boberg, J. H. Adams, Jr., L. P. Beahm, W. F. Dietrich, and T. Kleis, The mean ionic charge state of solar energetic Fe ions above 200 MeV per nucleon, Astrophys. J. (Letters) 444, L109, 1995.
29. Tylka, A. J. and W.F. Dietrich, IMP-8 observations of the spectra, composition, and variability of solar heavy ions at high energies relevant to manned space missions, Radiation Measurements 30-3, 345, 1999.
30. Tylka, A. J., W. F. Dietrich, and P. R. Boberg, Observations of very high energy solar heavy ions from IMP 8, Proc. 25th Internat. Cosmic-Ray Conf., (Durban) 1, 101, 1997.