메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue C11, 1999, Pages 25789-25803

The role of snow on the thermal dependence of microwave backscatter over sea ice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACKSCATTER; MICROWAVE RADIATION; SEA ICE; SNOW COVER; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 0033571820     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900181     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (87)

References (39)
  • 1
    • 0003508958 scopus 로고
    • A point energy and mass balance model of a snow cover
    • Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, MD
    • Anderson, E.A., A point energy and mass balance model of a snow cover, NOAA Tech. Rep. NWS 19, 150 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, MD., 1976.
    • (1976) NOAA Tech. Rep. NWS 19
    • Anderson, E.A.1
  • 2
    • 0026490916 scopus 로고
    • Modeling temperature distribution, energy and mass flow in a (phase-changing) snowpack, I-Model and case studies
    • Bader, H.P. and P. Weilenmann, Modeling temperature distribution, energy and mass flow in a (phase-changing) snowpack, I-Model and case studies, Cold Reg. Sci. Tech., 20, 157-181, 1992.
    • (1992) Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. , vol.20 , pp. 157-181
    • Bader, H.P.1    Weilenmann, P.2
  • 4
    • 0031646488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cloud cover on the radiation budget, physical properties and microwave scattering coefficient of first-year and multi-year sea ice
    • Barber, D. G., and A. Thomas, The influence of cloud cover on the radiation budget, physical properties and microwave scattering coefficient of first-year and multi-year sea ice, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36 (1), 38-50, 1998.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-50
    • Barber, D.G.1    Thomas, A.2
  • 5
    • 0028576108 scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between energy fluxes, dielectric properties, and microwave scattering over snow covered first-year sea ice during the spring transition period
    • Barber, D.G., T.N. Papakyriakou, and E.F. LeDrew. On the relationship between energy fluxes, dielectric properties, and microwave scattering over snow covered first-year sea ice during the spring transition period, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C11), 22401-22411, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.C11 , pp. 22401-22411
    • Barber, D.G.1    Papakyriakou, T.N.2    LeDrew, E.F.3
  • 6
    • 0028833884 scopus 로고
    • Statistical characterization of the geophysical and electrical properties of snow on landfast first-year sea ice
    • Barber, D.G., S.P. Reddan, and E.F. LeDrew, Statistical characterization of the geophysical and electrical properties of snow on landfast first-year sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C2), 2673-2686, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.C2 , pp. 2673-2686
    • Barber, D.G.1    Reddan, S.P.2    LeDrew, E.F.3
  • 7
    • 0029542482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of the relationship between the spring period evolution of the scattering coefficient (σ°) and energy fluxes over landfast sea ice
    • Barber, D.G., T.N. Papakyriakou, E.F. LeDrew, and S. Shokr, An examination of the relationship between the spring period evolution of the scattering coefficient (σ°) and energy fluxes over landfast sea ice, Int. J. Remote Sens., 16 (17), 3343-3363, 1996.
    • (1996) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.16 , Issue.17 , pp. 3343-3363
    • Barber, D.G.1    Papakyriakou, T.N.2    LeDrew, E.F.3    Shokr, S.4
  • 8
    • 0027873092 scopus 로고
    • The arctic sea ice-climate system: Observations and modeling
    • Barry, R.G., M.C. Serreze, J.A. Maslanik, The arctic sea ice-climate system: Observations and modeling, Rev. Geophys. 31 (4), 397-422, 1993.
    • (1993) Rev. Geophys. , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 397-422
    • Barry, R.G.1    Serreze, M.C.2    Maslanik, J.A.3
  • 9
    • 84905412838 scopus 로고
    • Microscale surface roughness measurements of sea ice
    • SIMMS'93 Data Report, edited by K. Misurak, D.G. Barber, and E.F. LeDrew, Earth Obs. Lab., Waterloo, Ont.
    • Clausi, D., and T. Zagon, Microscale surface roughness measurements of sea ice, in SIMMS'93 Data Report, Tech. Rep. ISTS-EOL-SIMS-TR-93-007, edited by K. Misurak, D.G. Barber, and E.F. LeDrew, Earth Obs. Lab., Waterloo, Ont., 1993.
    • (1993) Tech. Rep. ISTS-EOL-SIMS-TR-93-007
    • Clausi, D.1    Zagon, T.2
  • 10
    • 0019999721 scopus 로고
    • An overview of seasonal snow metamorphism
    • Colbeck, S.C., An overview of seasonal snow metamorphism. Rev. Geophys., 20 (1), 45-61, 1982.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-61
    • Colbeck, S.C.1
  • 11
    • 0022767709 scopus 로고
    • Classification of seasonal snow cover crystals
    • Colbeck, S.C., Classification of seasonal snow cover crystals. Water Resourc. Res., 22 (9), 59-70, 1986.
    • (1986) Water Resourc. Res. , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 59-70
    • Colbeck, S.C.1
  • 12
    • 0001465868 scopus 로고
    • Physical control of arctic ice algal production
    • Cota, G.F. and E.P.W. Horne, Physical control of arctic ice algal production, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 52, 111-121, 1989.
    • (1989) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.52 , pp. 111-121
    • Cota, G.F.1    Horne, E.P.W.2
  • 13
    • 0001179771 scopus 로고
    • Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples
    • Cox, G. F. N., and W. F. Weeks, Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples, J. Glaciol., 29 (12), 306-316, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Glaciol. , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 306-316
    • Cox, G.F.N.1    Weeks, W.F.2
  • 14
    • 0000085726 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulations of the profile properties of undeformed first year sea ice during the growth season
    • Cox, G.F., and W.F. Weeks, Numerical simulations of the profile properties of undeformed first year sea ice during the growth season, J. Geophys. Res., 93 (C10):12,449-12,460, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , Issue.C10
    • Cox, G.F.1    Weeks, W.F.2
  • 15
    • 0027881535 scopus 로고
    • An intermediate one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating ice-atmosphere interactions
    • Ebert, E.E., and J.A. Curry, An intermediate one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating ice-atmosphere interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 98 (C6):10,085-10,109, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , Issue.C6
    • Ebert, E.E.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 17
    • 0001031937 scopus 로고
    • The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin
    • Grenfell, T.G., and G.A. Maykut., The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin, J. Glaciol., 18 (80), 445-463, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Glaciol. , vol.18 , Issue.80 , pp. 445-463
    • Grenfell, T.G.1    Maykut, G.A.2
  • 19
    • 0033560565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat budget of the snow-covered sea ice at North Pole 4
    • Jordan, R.E., E.L. Andreas, and A.P. Makshtas, Heat budget of the snow-covered sea ice at North Pole 4, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7785-7806, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 7785-7806
    • Jordan, R.E.1    Andreas, E.L.2    Makshtas, A.P.3
  • 20
    • 0017449479 scopus 로고
    • An improved model for the dielectric constant of sea water at microwave frequencies
    • Klein, L. A., and C. Swift, An improved model for the dielectric constant of sea water at microwave frequencies, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., AP-25 (1), 104-111, 1977.
    • (1977) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , vol.AP-25 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-111
    • Klein, L.A.1    Swift, C.2
  • 21
    • 0028583293 scopus 로고
    • The SIMMS program: A study of change and variability within the marine cryosphere
    • LeDrew, E. F., and D. G. Barber, The SIMMS program: A study of change and variability within the marine cryosphere, Arctic, 47 (3), 256-264, 1994.
    • (1994) Arctic , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 256-264
    • LeDrew, E.F.1    Barber, D.G.2
  • 22
    • 0001519993 scopus 로고
    • Energy exchange over young sea ice in the central Arctic
    • Maykut, G.A., Energy exchange over young sea ice in the central Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 83 (C7), 3646-3658, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.83 , Issue.C7 , pp. 3646-3658
    • Maykut, G.A.1
  • 23
    • 0019380050 scopus 로고
    • Growth rate and salinity profile of first-year sea ice in the High Arctic
    • Nakawo, M., and N. K. Sinha, Growth rate and salinity profile of first-year sea ice in the High Arctic, J. Glaciol., 27 (96), 315-330, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Glaciol. , vol.27 , Issue.96 , pp. 315-330
    • Nakawo, M.1    Sinha, N.K.2
  • 24
    • 0027664606 scopus 로고
    • A model with ellipsoidal scatterers for polarimetric remote sensing of anisotropic layered media
    • Nghiem, S. V., R. Kwok, J. A. Kong, and R. T. Shin, A model with ellipsoidal scatterers for polarimetric remote sensing of anisotropic layered media, Radio Sci., 28 (5), 687-703, 1993.
    • (1993) Radio Sci. , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 687-703
    • Nghiem, S.V.1    Kwok, R.2    Kong, J.A.3    Shin, R.T.4
  • 25
    • 0029346230 scopus 로고
    • Polarimetric scattering from layered media with multiple species of scatterers
    • Nghiem, S. V., R. Kwok, S. H. Yuch, J. A. Kong, C. C. Hsu, M. A. Tassoudji, and R. T. Shin, Polarimetric scattering from layered media with multiple species of scatterers, Radio Sci., 30 (4), 835-852, 1995a.
    • (1995) Radio Sci. , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 835-852
    • Nghiem, S.V.1    Kwok, R.2    Yuch, S.H.3    Kong, J.A.4    Hsu, C.C.5    Tassoudji, M.A.6    Shin, R.T.7
  • 26
    • 0029535027 scopus 로고
    • Polarimetric signatures of sea ice, 1, Theoretical model
    • Nghiem, S. V., R. Kwok, S. H. Yuch, and M. R. Drinkwater, Polarimetric signatures of sea ice, 1, Theoretical model, J. Geophys. Res., 100(C7), 13,665-13,679, 1995b.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.C7
    • Nghiem, S.V.1    Kwok, R.2    Yuch, S.H.3    Drinkwater, M.R.4
  • 27
    • 0030105584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An electrothermodynamic model with distributed properties for effective permittivities of sea ice
    • Nghiem, S. V., R. Kwok, J. A. Kong, R. T. Shin, S. A. Arcone, and A. J. Gow, An electrothermodynamic model with distributed properties for effective permittivities of sea ice, Radio Sci., 31 (2), 297-311, 1996.
    • (1996) Radio Sci. , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 297-311
    • Nghiem, S.V.1    Kwok, R.2    Kong, J.A.3    Shin, R.T.4    Arcone, S.A.5    Gow, A.J.6
  • 29
    • 0003939775 scopus 로고
    • Alaska SAR facility scientific SAR user's guide
    • Alaska SAR Facility, Geophys. Inst, Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks
    • Olmsted, Alaska SAR facility scientific SAR user's guide, Tech. Rep. ASF-SD-003, Alaska SAR Facility, Geophys. Inst, Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1993.
    • (1993) Tech. Rep. ASF-SD-003
  • 30
    • 0000912341 scopus 로고
    • Effective thermal conductivity of snow at -88, -27, -5°C
    • Pitman, D. and B. Zuckerman, Effective thermal conductivity of snow at -88, -27, -5°C. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2698-2699, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.38 , pp. 2698-2699
    • Pitman, D.1    Zuckerman, B.2
  • 31
    • 0028584614 scopus 로고
    • Arctic sea ice microstructure observations relevant to microwave scattering
    • Shokr, M.E. and N.K. Sinha, Arctic sea ice microstructure observations relevant to microwave scattering, Arctic, 47 (3):265-279, 1994.
    • (1994) Arctic , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-279
    • Shokr, M.E.1    Sinha, N.K.2
  • 32
    • 0001261648 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the density of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) birth lairs in the Amundsen Gulf, Northwest Territories
    • Smith, T.G., and I. Stirling, Variation in the density of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) birth lairs in the Amundsen Gulf, Northwest Territories, Can. J. Zoology, 56, 1066-1070, 1977.
    • (1977) Can. J. Zoology , vol.56 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Smith, T.G.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 33
    • 0022060606 scopus 로고
    • The dielectric properties of brine in sea ice at microwave frequencies
    • Stogryn, A., and G. J. Desargant, The dielectric properties of brine in sea ice at microwave frequencies, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag., AP-33(5), 523-532, 1985.
    • (1985) IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag. , vol.AP-33 , Issue.5 , pp. 523-532
    • Stogryn, A.1    Desargant, G.J.2
  • 34
    • 0021608915 scopus 로고
    • The complex dielectric constant of snow at microwave frequencies
    • Tiuri, M. E., A. H. Sihvola, E. G. Nyfors, and M. T. Hallikainen, The complex dielectric constant of snow at microwave frequencies, IEEE J. of Ocean Eng, OE-9 (5), 377-382, 1984.
    • (1984) IEEE J. of Ocean Eng , vol.OE-9 , Issue.5 , pp. 377-382
    • Tiuri, M.E.1    Sihvola, A.H.2    Nyfors, E.G.3    Hallikainen, M.T.4
  • 35
    • 0019567783 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of electromagnetic waves from random media with strong permittivity fluctuations
    • Tsang, L., and J. A. Kong, Scattering of electromagnetic waves from random media with strong permittivity fluctuations, Radio Sci., 16 (3), 303-320, 1981.
    • (1981) Radio Sci. , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-320
    • Tsang, L.1    Kong, J.A.2
  • 37
    • 0017948043 scopus 로고
    • The complex dielectric constant of sea ice at frequencies in the range 0.1-40 GHz
    • correction, Vant et al., J. Appl. Phys., 53 (2), 1269, 1982
    • Vant, M. R., R. O. Ramscier, and V. Markios, The complex dielectric constant of sea ice at frequencies in the range 0.1-40 GHz, J. Appl. Phys., 49 (3), 1264-1280, 1978 (correction, Vant et al., J. Appl. Phys., 53 (2), 1269, 1982).
    • (1978) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 1264-1280
    • Vant, M.R.1    Ramscier, R.O.2    Markios, V.3
  • 38
    • 0024940667 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal development of ice algae and its prediction from environmental factors near Resolute, N.W.T., Canada
    • Welch, H.E. and M.A. Bergmann, Seasonal development of ice algae and its prediction from environmental factors near Resolute, N.W.T., Canada. Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci. , 46 , pp 1793-1804, 1989.
    • (1989) Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1793-1804
    • Welch, H.E.1    Bergmann, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0008219041 scopus 로고
    • Scattering from randomly oriented scatterers with strong permittivity fluctuations
    • Yuch, H. A., R. T. Shin, and J. A. Kong, Scattering from randomly oriented scatterers with strong permittivity fluctuations, J. Electromagn. Wave Theory Applic., 4 (10), 983-1004, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Electromagn. Wave Theory Applic. , vol.4 , Issue.10 , pp. 983-1004
    • Yuch, H.A.1    Shin, R.T.2    Kong, J.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.