Skeletal muscle fibres as factors for pork quality

Livestock Production Science

Volumn 60, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 255-269

  Karlsson, Anders H ^a   Klont, Ronald E ^b   Fernandez, Xavier ^c  

^a DANISH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Denmark)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Meat; Muscle fibre; Pig; Pork quality

Indexed keywords

BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY; CARBON DIOXIDE; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; FOOD ANALYSIS; GLYCOGEN ANALYSIS; GLYCOLYTIC CAPACITY; HISTOCHEMISTRY; LACTIC ACID; LIPID ANALYSIS; METABOLIC REGULATION; OXIDATIVE CAPACITY; QUALITY CONTROL; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

EID: 0033566039     PISSN: 03016226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00098-6     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Armstrong, R.D., Goldnick, P.D., Ianuzzo, C.D., 1975. Histochemical properties of skeletal muscle fibres in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Tiss. Res. 162, 387.
2. Ashmore, C.R., Doerr, L., 1971. Comparative aspects of muscle fiber types in different species. Exper. Neurol. 31, 408.
3. Bader, R., 1982. Enzymhistochemische und histometrische Untersuchungen an Skelettmuskeln von ausgemästeten, gesunden Sweinen der deutschen Landrasse. Zbl. Vet. Med. A. 29, 443.
4. Bader, R., 1983. Vergleichende histometrische und histologische Untersuchungen an der Skelettmusculatur von Wild- und Hausschweinen. Berlin, München, Tierärtl. Wochenschr. 96, 89.
5. Bar, A., Pette, D., 1988. Three fast myosin heavy chains in adult rat skeletal muscle. FEBS Lett. 253, 153.
6. Barton-Gade, P., 1981. The measurement of meat quality in pigs post mortem. In: Froysten, T., Slinde, E., Standal, N. (Eds.), Porcine Stress and Meat Quality - Causes and Possible Solutions to the Problems, Agricultural Food Research Society, As, Norway, p. 359.
7. Beecher, G.R., Cassens, R.G., Hoekstra, W.O., Briskey, E.J., 1965. Red and white fibre content and associated post-mortem proterties of seven porcine muscles. J. Food Sci. 30, 969.
8. Beecher, G.R., Kastenschmidt, L.L., Hoekstra W.G Cassens, R.G., Briskey, E.J., 1969. Energy metabolites in red and white strained muscles of the pig. Agr. Food Chem. 17, 29.
9. Bendall, J.R., 1973. Post mortem changes in muscle. In: Bourne, G.H. (Ed.), Structure and Function of Muscle, Academic Press, New York, pp. 243-309.
10. Bendall, J.R., Wismed-Pedersen, J., 1962. Some properties of the fibrillar proteins of normal and watery pork muscle. J. Food Sci. 27, 144.
11. Billeter, R., Weber, H., Lutz, H., Howald, H., Eppenberger, H.M., Jenny, E., 1980. Myosin-types in human skeletal muscle fibres. Histochemistry 65, 249.
12. Briand, M., Talmant, A., Briand, Y., Monin, G., Durand, R., 1981. Metabolic types of muscle in the sheep. 1-Myosin ATPase, glycolytic, and mitochondrial enzyme activities. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 46, 347.
13. Brocks, L., Klont, R., Buist, W., de Greef, K., Tieman, M., Engel, B., 1999. The effects of selection of pigs on growth rate vs leanness on histochemical characteristics of different muscles. Submitted.
14. Brooke, M.H., Kaiser, K., 1970. Muscle fibre types: How many and what kind? Arch. Neurol. 23, 369.
15. Burke, R.E., Levine, D.N., Tsairis, P., Zajac, F.E., 1973. Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of the cat gastrocnemius. J. Physiol. Lond. 234, 723.
16. Cameron, N.D., 1990. Genetic and phenotypig parameters for carcass traits, meat and eating quality traits in pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 26, 119.
17. Cameron, N.D., Oksbjerg, N., Henckel, P., 1997. Muscle fibre characteristics of pigs selected for components of efficient lean growth rate. In: BSAS Annual Meeting, Scarborough, paper No. 32.
18. Cassens, R.G., Cooper, C.C., 1971. Red and white muscle. Advan. Food. Res. 19, 1.
19. Chasiotis, J., Sahlin, K., Hultman, E., 1983. Regulation of glycogenolysis in human muscle in response to epinephrine infusion. J. Appl. Physiol. 54, 45.
20. Chasiotis, J., 1985. Effect of adrenaline infusion on cAMP and glycogen phosphorylase in fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat muscles. Acta Physiol. Scand. 125, 537.
21. Cooper, C.C., Cassens, R.G., Kastenschmidt, L.L., Briskey, E.J., 1970. Histochemical characterisation of muscle differentiation. Develop. Biol. 23, 169.
22. Cooper, C.C., Cassens, R.G., Kastenschmidt, L.L., Briskey, E.J., 1971. Activity of some enzymes in developing muscle of the pig. Pediatr. Res. 5, 281.
23. Dalrymple, R.H., Kastenschmidt, L.L., Cassens, R.G., 1973. Glycogen and phophorulase in developing red and white muscle. Growth 37, 19.
24. Davies, A.S., 1972. Postnatal changes in the histochemical fibre types of porcine skeletal muscle. J. Anat. 113, 213.
25. De Vries, A.G., van der Wal, P.G., Long, T., Eikelenboom, G., Merks, J.W.M., 1994. Genetic parameters of pork quality and production traits in Yorkshire populations. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 277.
26. De Vries, A.G., Sosnicki, A., Garnier, J.P., Plastow, G.S., 1998. The role of major genes and DNA technology in selection for meat quality in pigs. 44th Int. Congr. Meat Sci. Technol., Barcelona, Spain I, 66.
27. Dietl, G., Groeneveld, E., Fiedler, I., 1993. Genetic parameters of muscle structure in pigs. In: 44th Annu. Meeting Eur. Assoc. Anim. Prod., Aarhus, Denmark.
28. Engel, W.K., 1962. The essentiality of histo- and cytochemical studies of skeletal muscle in investigation of neuromuscular disease. Neurology 12, 778.
29. Essen, B., Jansson, E., Henriksson, J., Taylor, A.W., Saltin, B., 1975. Metabolic characteristics of fibre types in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand. 95, 153.
30. Essén-Gustavsson, B., Karlström, K., Lundström, K., 1992. Muscle fibre characteristics and metabolic response at slaughter in pigs of different halothane genotypes and their relation to meat quality. Meat Sci. 31, 1.
31. Essén-Gustavsson, B., Lindholm, A., 1984. Fiber types and metabolic characteristics in muscles of wild boars, normal and halothane sensitive Swedish Landrace pigs. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 78A, 67.
32. Essén-Gustavsson, B., Fjelkner-Modig, S., 1985. Skeletal muscle characteristics in different breeds of pigs in relation to sensory properties of meat. Meat Sci. 13, 33.
33. Fernandez, X., Tornberg, E., 1991. A review of the causes of variation in muscle glycogen content and ultimate pH in pigs. J. Muscle Foods 2, 209.
34. Fernandez, X., Meunier-Salaün, M.C., Mormède, P., 1994a. Agonistic behaviour, plasma stress hormones, and metabolites in response to dyadic encounters in domestic pigs: interrelationships and effect of dominance status. Physiol. Behav. 56, 841.
35. Fernandez, X., Meunier-Salaün, M.C., Ecolan, P., 1994b. Glycogen depletion according to muscle and fibre types in response to dyadic encounters in pigs relationships with plasma epinephrine and aggressive behaviour. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 109A, 869.
36. Fernandez, X., Levasseur, P., Ecolan, P., Wittmann, W., 1995a. Effect of epinephrine administration on glycogen metabolism in red and white muscle of anaesthetized pigs (sus scrofa domesticus). J. Sci. Food Agric. 68, 231.
37. Fernandez, X., Meunier-Salaün, M.C., Ecolan, P., Mormède, P., 1995b. Interactive effect of food deprivation and agonistic behavior on blood parameters and muscle glycogen in pigs. Physiol. Behav. 58, 337.
38. Fiedler, I., Wegner, J., Feige, K.D., 1991. Ein Wachstumsmodell für den Faserdurchmesser in zwei Muskeln des Schweines. Arch, für Tierzucht 34, 57.
39. Garnett, R.A.F., O'Donovan, M.J., Stephens, J.A., Taylor, A., 1978. Motor unit organisation of human gastrocnemius. J. Physiol. 287, 33.
40. Gauthier, G.F., Burke, R.E., Lowry, S., Hobbs, A.W, 1983. Myosin isozymes in normal and cross-reinnervated cat skeletal muscle fibres. J. Cell Biol. 97, 756.
41. Goodyear, L.J., Hirschman, M.F., Smith, R.J., Horton, E.S., 1991. Glucose transporter number, activity and isoform content in plasma membranes of red and white skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol 261, E556,
42. (Endocrinol Metab. 24).
43. Gorski, J., 1978. Glycogenolytic effect of adrenaline in skeletal muscles of rats adapted to endurance exercise. Acta Physiol. Pol. 29, 5.
44. Gorza, L., 1990. Identification of a novvel type 2 fibre population in mammalian skeletal muscle by combined use of histochemical myosin ATPase and anti-myosin monclonal antibodies. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 38, 257.
45. Greenhaff, PL., Ren, J.M., Soderlund, K., Hultman, E., 1991. Energy metabolism in single human muscle fibres during contraction without and with epinephrine infusion. Am. J. Physiol 260, E713,
46. (Endocrinol. Metab. 23).
47. Hatton, M.W.C., Lawrie, R.A., Ratcliff, P.W., Wayne, N., 1972. Effects of pre-slaugther adrenaline injection on muscle metabolites and meat quality of pigs. J. Food Technol. 7, 443.
48. Hedrick, H.B., Parrish, F.C., Bailey, M.E., 1964. Effect of adrenaline stress on pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 23, 225.
49. Henckel, P., Oksbjerg, N., Erlandsen, E., Barton-Gade, P., Bejerholm, C., 1997. Histo- and biochemical characteristics of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs and their relationships to performance and meat quality. Meat Sci. 47, 311.
50. Hintz, C.S., Coyle, E.F., Kaiser, K.K., Chi, M.M.Y., Lowry, O.H., 1985. Comparison of muscle fiber typing by quantitative enzyme assays and by myosin ATPase staining. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 32, 655.
51. Hocquette, J.F., Ortigues, I., Pethick, D., Herpin, P., Fernandez, X., 1998. Nutritional and hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles of meat-producing animals. Livest. Prod. Sci. 56, 115.
52. James, D.E., Kraegen, E.W., Chisholm, D.J., 1985. Muscle glucose metabolism in exercising rats: comparison with insulin stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. 248, E-575,
53. Endocrinol. Metab. 11.
54. Jensen, J., Dahl, H.A., Opstad, P.K., 1989. Adrenaline mediated glycogenolysis in different skeletal muscle fibre types in the anesthetized rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 136, 229.
55. Jul, M., Zeuthen, P. 1981. Quality of pig meat for fresh consumption. Progress in food and nutrition science. Pergamon Press, Oxford., 4: 6th, 350, Copenhagen.
56. Karlsson, A. 1993. Porcine muscle fibres -biochemical and histochemical properties in relation to meat quality. Ph.D Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Sci., Uppsala, Sweden.
57. Karlsson, A., Essén-Gustavsson, B., Lundström, K., 1992. Muscle glycogen depletion pattern in Longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed high- and low-protein diet. In: 38th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology. Clermont Ferrand, France, pp. 375-378.
58. Karlsson, A., Enfält, A.-C., Essén-Gustavsson, B., Lundström, K., Rydhmer, L., Stern, S., 1993. Muscle histochemichal and biochemical properties in relation to meat quality during selection for increased lean tissue growth rate in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 930.
59. Karlström, K., Essén-Gustavsson, B., Jensen-Waern, M., Lindholm, A. 1995. Fibre distribution, capillarization and enzymatic profile of locomotor and nonlocomotor muscles of wild boar and domestic pig. In: Karlström, K., PhD Thesis. Capillary supply, fibre type composition and enzymatic profile equine, bovine and porcine locomotor and non locomotor muscles. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sweden.
60. Kelso, T.B., Hodgson, D.R., Visscher, A.R., Gollnick, P.D., 1987. Some properties of different skeletal muscle fibre types: comparison of reference bases. J. Appl. Physiol. 62, 1436.
61. Kennedy, J.M., Mong, F.S.F., Poland, J.L., 1986. Histochemical fiber type distribution and epinephrine sensitivity in normal and cross-transplanted rat muscles. Can J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 65, 1205.
62. Kiessling, K.-H., Lundström, K., Petersson, H., Stalhammar, H., 1982. Age and feed related to changes of fiber composition in pig muscle. Swedish J. Agric. Res. 12, 69.
63. Kiessling, K.-H., Hansson, I., 1983. Fiber composition and enzyme activities in pig muscles. Swedish J. Agric. Res. 13, 257.
64. Klont, R.E., Lambooy, E., van Logtestijn, J.G., 1993. Effect of pre-slaughter anaesthiesia. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (6), 1477-1485.
65. Kuchel, O., 1991. Stress and catecholamines. Methods Achieve Exp. Pathol. 14, 80.
66. Kugelberg, E., 1976. Adaptive transformation of rat soleus motor units during growth. J. Neurol. Sci. 27, 269.
67. Laborde, D., Talmant, A., Monin, G., 1985. Activités enzymatiques et contractiles de 30 muscles de porc: Relation avec le pH ultime atteint après la mort. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 25, 619.
68. Lacourt, A., Tarrant, P.V., 1985. Glycogen depletion patterns in myofibres of cattle during stress. Meat Sci. 15, 85.
69. Larzul, C., Lefaucheur, L., Ecolan, P., Gogué, J., Talmant, A., Sellier, P., Le Roy, P., Monin, G., 1997. Phenotypic and genetic parameters for longissimus muscle fiber characteristics in relation to growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in Large White pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 3126.
70. Lefaucheur, L., Vigneron, P., 1986. Post-natal changes in some histochemical and enzymatic characteristics of three pig muscles. Meat Sci. 16, 199.
71. Leseigneur-Meyneir, A., Gandemer, G., 1991. Lipid composition of pork muscle in relation to the metabolic type of the fibre. Meat Sci. 29, 229.
72. Lind, A., Kernell, D., 1991. Myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry of rat skeletal muscles: A "two-dimensional" quantitative approach. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39, 589.
73. Lopez-Bote, C., Warriss, P.D., Brown, S.N., 1989. The use of muscle protein solubility measurements to assess pig lean meat quality. Meat Sci. 26, 167.
74. Lowry, O.H., Lowry, C.V., Chi, M.M.-Y., Hintz, C.S., Felder, S., 1980. Enzymological heterogeneity of human muscle fibres. In: Pette, D. (Ed.), Plasticity of Muscle, de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 3-18.
75. Lundström, K., Essén-Gustavsson, B., Rundgren, M., Edfors-Lilja, I., Malmfors, G., 1989. Effect of halothane genotype on muscle metabolism at slaughter and its relationship with meat quality: A within-litter comparison. Meat Sci. 25, 251.
76. Lutz, H., Weber, E., Billeter, R., Jenny, E., 1979. Fast and slow myosine within single skeletal muscle fibres of adult rabbits. Nature 281, 142.
77. Mauch, A., Marinesco, J., 1934. Recherches sur la viande de Mangalitza comparée a celle de races York, Lincoln et leurs métis. Ann. Inst. Zootechn. Bukarest 3, 154.
78. Maltin, C.A., Warkup, C.C., Matthews, K.R., Grant, C.M., Porter, A.D., Delday, M.I., 1997. Pig muscle fibre characteristics as a source of variation in eating quality. Meat Sci. 47, 237.
79. McCampbell, H.C., Griffin, F.M., Seerley, R.W., Foley, C.W., 1974. Wild and domestic swine: growth and composition. J. Anim. Sci. 38, 220.
80. Miller, L.R., Garwood, V.A., Judge, M.D., 1975. Factors affecting porcine muscle fiber type, diameter and number. J. Anim. Sci. 41, 66.
81. Monin, G., Talmant, A., Laborde, D., Zabari, M., Sellier, P., 1986. Compositional and enzymatic characteristics of the longissimus dorsi muscle from Large White, halothane-positive and halothane-negative Pietrain, and Hampshire pigs. Meat Sci. 16, 307.
82. Monin, G., Mejenes-Quijano, A., Talmant, A., Sellier, P., 1987. Influence of breed and muscle metabolic type on muscle glycolytic pontential and meat pH in pigs. Meat Sci. 29, 149.
83. Monin, G., Quali, A., 1991. Muscle differentiation and meat quality. In: Lawrie, R. (Ed.), Developments in Meat Science, Vol. 5, Elsevier Applied Sciences, London, pp. 89-159.
84. Moody, W.G., Enser, M.B., Wood, J.D., Restall, D.J., Lister, D., 1978. Comparison of fat and muscle development in Pietrain and Large White piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 46, 618.
85. Nemeth, P.M., Wilkinson, R.S., 1990. Metabolic uniformity of the motor unit. In: Pette, D. (Ed.), The Dynamic State of Muscle Fibers, de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 233-245.
86. Novikoff, A.B., Shin, W.-Y, Drucker, J., 1961. Mitochondrial localization of oxidative enzymes: Staining results with two tetrazolium salts. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 9, 47.
87. Nwoye, L., Mommaerts, W.F.H.M., Simpson, D.R., Seraydarian, K., Marusich, M., 1982. Evidence for a direct action of thyroid hormone in specifying muscle properties. Am. J. Physiol. 242, R401.
88. Ogata, T., 1958. A histochemical study of the red and white muscle fibers. I. Activity of the succinoxydase system in the muscle fibers. Acta Med. Okayama 12, 216.
89. 2-adrenergic agonist, on muscles of growing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein. I. Muscle fibre properties and muscle protein accretion. Acta Agric. Scand., Sect. A, Anim. Sci. 44, 12.
90. 2-adrenergic agonist, on muscles of growing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein. II. Aerobic and glycolytic capacities and glycogen metabolism of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Agric. Scand., Sect. A, Anim. Sci. 44, 20.
91. Peter, J.B., Barnard, R.J., Edgerton, V.R., Gillespie, C.A., Stempel, C.E., 1972. Metabolic profiles of three fiber types of skeletal muscle in guinea pigs and rabbits. Biochemistry 11, 2627.
92. Petersen, J.S., Henckel, P., Oksbjerg, N., Sørensen, M.T., 1998. Adaptions in muscle fibre characteristics induced by physical activity in pigs. Anim. Sci. 66, 733.
93. Petersen, J.S., Henckel, P., Stoier, S., 1997. Muscle physiological traits and meat quality in Danish Landrace Anno 1976 and Anno 1995. In: 48th Annu. Meet. Assoc. Anim. Prod., Vienna, Austria.
94. Pette, D., Staron, R.S., 1990. Cellular and molecular diversity of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 116, 1.
95. Pette, D., Vrbodá, G., 1985. Invited review: neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers. Muscle Nerve 8, 676.
96. Pierobon-Bormioli, S., Sartore, S., Dalla Libera, L., Vitadello, M., Schiaffino, S., 1981. Fast isomyosins and fibre types in mammalian skeletal muscle. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29, 1179.
97. Rahelic, S., Puac, S., 1980-81. Fibre types in longissimus dorsi from wild and highly selected pig breeds. Meat Sci. 5, 439.
98. Rao, M.V., Gault, N.F.S., 1979. The influence of fibre type composition and associated biochemical characteristics on the acid buffering capacity of several beef muscles. Meat Sci. 26, 5.
99. Rede, R., Pribisch, V., Rahelic, S., 1986. Untersuchungen über die Beschaffenheit von Schlacttierkörpern und Fleisch primitiver und hochselektierter Schweinerassen. Fleischwirtschaft. 66 (5), 898-900.
100. Renou, J.P., Canioni, P., Gatellier, P., Valin, C., Cozzone, P.J., 1986. Phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of post mortem catabolism and intracellular pH in intact excised rabbit muscle. Biochimie 68, 543.
101. Richter, E.A., Ruderman, N.B., Gavras, H., Belur, E.R., Galbo, H., 1982. Muscle glycogenolysis during exercise: dual control by epinephrine and contractions. Am. J. Physiol. 242, E25-E32,
102. Endocrinol. Metab. 5.
103. Robbins, N., Karpati, G., Engel, W.K., 1969. Histochemical and contractile properties in the cross-innerveated guinea pig soleus muscle. Arch. Neurol. 20, 318.
104. Rubli, H., 1931. Die Myologi des Wildschweines. Arch. Sozialantrop. Rassenhyg. 5, 391.
105. Ruusunen, M., 1989. Korrelationen mellan vattenhållande fürmåga och muskelfibersammansättning i olika typer av svinmuskler. In: Lundström, K., Malmfors, G. (Eds.), Köttkvalitet hos Våra Slaktdjur, NJF - seminarium183. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Food Science, Uppsala, pp. 33-40.
106. Sair, R.A., Kastenschmidt, L.L., Cassens, R.G., Briskey, E.J., 1972. Metabolism and histochemistry of skeletal muscle from stress-susceptible pigs. J. Food Sci. 37, 659.
107. Salomon, F.-V, Michel, G., Gruschwitz, F., 1983. Zur Entwicklung von Fasertypenkomposition und Faserdurchmesser im M. longissimus des Hausschweines. Anat. Anz., Jena 154, 69.
108. Schiaffion, S., Ausoni, E., Gorza, L., Saggin, L., Gundersen, K., Lømo, T., 1988. Myosin heavy chain isoforms and velocity of shortening of type 2 skeletal muscle fibres. Acta Physiol. Scand. 134, 575.
109. Schiaffion, S., Gorza, L., Sartore, S. et al., 1989. Three myosin heavy chain isoforms i type 2 skeletal fibres. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 10, 197.
110. Schlegel, O. 1982. Untersuchungen über die Fasertypenverteilung und Fasertypenquerschnittsflächen im M. longissimus dorsi und M. semitendinosus von trainierten Haus- und immobil gehal-tenen Wildschweinen. Hannover, Tierärtzliche Hochschule, Physiologisches Institut. Diss. 99 pp.
111. Sellier, P., 1988. Aspects génétiques des qualities technologiques et organoleptiques de la viande cheze le porc. Journé Rechn. Porc. En France 20, 227.
112. Severini, M., Cenci, G., Vizzani, A., 1989. Post mortem glycogenolysis and pigmeat quality. In: Proceedings, 35th ICoMST, Aug. 20-25 1989. Roskilde, Denmark, vol. III, p. 1137.
113. Solomon, M.B., Campbell, R.G., Steele, N.C., 1990. Effect of sex, exogenous porcine somatotropin on longissimus muscle fiber characteristics of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 68, 1176.
114. Somers, C., Tarrant, P.V., 1984. Evaluation of some objective methods for measuring pork quality. In: Proc. Scient. Meeting biophysical PSE-muscle analysis, Vienna, p. 230.
115. Sonesson, A.K., De Greef, K.H., Meuwissen, T.H.E., 1998. Genetic parameters, trends of meat quality and carcass composition and performance traits in two selected lines of large white pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. Accepted for publication.
116. Sørensen, M.T., Oksbjerg, N., Agergaard, N., Petersen, J.S., 1996. Tissue deposition rates in relation to muscle fibre and fat cell characteristics in lean female pigs (Sus scrofa) following treatment with porcine growth hormone (pGH. Comp. Biochem. Physiol 113A, 91.
117. Staun, H., 1963. Various factors affecting number, size of muscle fibers in pig. Acta Agric. Scand. 13, 293.
118. Staron, R.A., Pette, D., 1987. The multiplicity of myosin light and heavy chain combinations in histochemically typed single fibres. Biochem. J. 243, 687.
119. Suzuki, A., Kojima, N., Ikeuchi, Y. et al., 1991. Carcass composition and meat quality of Chinese purebed and European × Chinese crossbred pigs. Meat Sci. 29, 31.
120. Swatland, H.J., 1976. Longitudinal fascicular growth in the porcine longissimus muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 42, 63.
121. Szentkuti, L., Cassens, R.G., 1978. Die Verteilung der Fasertypen I, IIA, IIB im M. longissimus dorsi und M. semitendinosus von Schweinen verschiedenen Alters. Dtsch. Tierärtztl. Wochenschr. 85, 23.
122. Szentkuti, L., Niemeyer, B., Schlegel, O., 1981. Vergleichende Untersuchung von Muskelfasertypen mit der Myosin-ATPase Raktion im M. longissimus dorsi von Haus- und Wildschweinen. Dtsch. Tierärtzl. Wochenschr. 88, 407.
123. Szentkuti, L., Schlegel, O., 1985. Genetische und funktionelle Einflüsse auf Fasertypenanteile und Faserdurchmesser im M. longissimus dorsi und M. semitendinosus von Schweinen. Untersuchungen an trainierten Haus- und immobil Gehaltenen Wildschweinen. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 92, 93.
124. Termin, A., Staron, R.S., Pette, D., 1989. Myosin heavy chain isoforms in histochemically defined fiber types of rat muscles. Histochemistry 92, 453.
125. Touraille, C., Monin, G., Legault, C., 1989. Eating quality of meat from European X Chinese crossbred pigs. Meat Sci. 25, 177.
126. Van den Hende, C., Muylle, E., Oyaert, W., De Roose, P., 1972. Changes in muscle characteristics in growing pigs: Histochemical and electron microscopic study. Zbl. Vet. Med. A19, 102.
127. Villa-Moruzzi, E., Bergamini, E., Bergamini, Z.G., 1981. Glycogen metabolism and the function of fast and slow muscles of the rat. Pflügers Archiv. 391, 338.
128. Von Lengerken, G., Maak, S., Wicke, M., Fiedler, I., Ender, K., 1994. Suitability of structural and functional traits of skeletal muscle for genetic improvement of meat quality in pigs. Arch. Tierz. Dummerstorf 37, 133.
129. Wegner, J., Ender, K., 1990. Mikrostrukturelle Grundlagen des Wachstums von Muskel- und Fettgewebe und die Beziehung zu Fleischansatz und Fleischbeschaffenheit. Fleischwirtschaft 70, 337.
130. Weiler, U., Appell, H.-J., Kermser, M., Hofäcker, S., Claus, R., 1995. Consequences of selection on muscle composition. A comparative study on Gracilis muscle in wild and domestic pigs. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 24, 77.
131. Wismer-Pedersen, J., 1959. Quality of pork in relation to rate of pH change post-mortem. Food Res. 24, 711.