Aerosol silica as a possible candidate for the heterogeneous formation of nitric acid hydrates in the stratosphere

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 26, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 1433-1436

  Bogdan, A ^a,b   Kulmala, M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b NONE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ENTHALPY; FREEZING; HYDRATES; MELTING; NITRIC ACID; SILICA; STOICHIOMETRY; THERMAL EFFECTS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; DROPS; HYDRATION; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION;

NITRIC ACID HYDRATES;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SILICA;

AEROSOL; NITRIC ACID; SILICA; STRATOSPHERE;

ENTHALPY OF FUSION; FUMED SILICAS; HETEROGENEOUS FORMATION; HETEROGENEOUS FREEZING; LIQUID-SOLID PHASE TRANSITION; NANOMETER SIZE; SILICA PARTICLES; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE;

EID: 0033562304     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900254     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Bertram, A. K., and J. J. Sloan, The nucleation rate constants and freezing mechanism of nitric acid trihydrate aerosol under stratospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,261-13,265, 1998;
2. and Bertram, A. K., and J. J. Sloan, J. Geophys. Res. 3553-3561, (ibid).
3. Biermann, U. M., et al., The unsuitability of meteoritic and other nuclei for polar stratospheric cloud freezing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1693-1696, 1996.
4. Bogdan, A., Fumed silica as a host for study the large surface-to-volume ratio problems in finely divided aqueous systems: Implications for the atmosphere, in Adsorption on silica surfaces, E. Papirer, Ed., Marsel DEKKER (New York, 1999), (in press).
5. Bogdan, A., et al., Reduction of enthalpy of fusion and anomalies during phase transitions in finely divided water, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 1042-1015, 1998.
6. Bogdan, A., and Kulmala, M., Effect of acids on water vapor uptake by pyrogenic silica, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 191, 95-101 1997.
7. 3 and water uptake by liquid particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2479-2482, 1994.
8. Chen, Y., et al., Single particle analyses of ice nucleating aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1391-1394, 1998.
9. Clapp, M. L., et al., Infrared spectroscopy of sulfuric acid/water aerosols: Freezing characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8899-8907, 1997.
10. Disselkamp, R. S., et al., Crystallization kinetics of nitric acid dihydrate aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 9127-9137, 1996.
11. Hunten, D. M., et al., Smoke and dust particles of meteoritic origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1342-1357, 1980.
12. Her, R. K., The Chemistry of Silica, (Wiley, New York, 1978), Chap. 6.
13. Ji, K., et al., The use of X-ray diffraction in support of calorimetry for the characterization of some nitric acid hydrates possibly involved in the polar stratospheric clouds formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 981-984, 1996a.
14. Ji, K., et al., in Atmospheric ozone, vol. 2. Proceedings of the XVIII Quadrennial ozone symposium, Eds. R. D. Bojkov & G. Visconti, L'Aquila, Italy, Sept. 1996b.
15. 2O solutions at stratospheric temperatures: nucleation statistics and experiments J. Phys. Chem. A, 101, 1117-1133, 1997.
16. Li, S.-M. and J. W. Winchester, Particle size distribution and chemistry of late winter Arctic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13,897-13,908, 1990.
17. Li, S.-M. and J. W. Winchester, Aerosol silicon and associated elements in the Arctic high and mid-troposphere, Atmospheric Environment, 27A, 2907-2912, 1993.
18. MacKenzie, A. R., et al., The Turnbull correlation and the freezing of stratospheric aerosol droplets, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,875-10,884, 1998.
19. Middlebrook, A. M., et al., Formation of model polar stratospheric cloud films, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2417-2420, 1992.
20. Pruppacher, H. R., and J. D. Klett, Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation (Kluwer Acad. Pub, Dordrecht, 1997), Chap. 7.
21. Tabazadeh, A., et al., Freezing behavior of stratospheric sulfate aerosols inferred from trajectory studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1725-1728, 1995.
22. Tsias, A., et al., Freezing of polar stratospheric clouds in orographically induced strong warming events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2303-2306, 1997.
23. 3, and HCl hydrates and the composition of polar stratospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1389-1396, 1995.