Unique superantigen activity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 162, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 4550-4559

  Monday, Steven R ^a   Vath, Gregory M ^b   Ferens, Witold A ^a   Deobald, Claudia ^a   Rago, James V ^b   Gahr, Pamala J ^b   Monie, Dileep D ^b   Iandolo, John J ^c   Chapes, Stephen K ^d   Davis, William C ^e   Ohlendorf, Douglas H ^b   Schlievert, Patrick M ^b   Bohach, Gregory A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EXFOLIATIN; SUPERANTIGEN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANTIGENICITY; ARTICLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; NONHUMAN; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS;

NON-PROGRAMMATIC;

ANIMALS; CELLS, CULTURED; CLONE CELLS; EPITOPES, T-LYMPHOCYTE; EXFOLIATINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, T-CELL RECEPTOR BETA; HUMANS; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MICE; MICE, INBRED C3H; MODELS, MOLECULAR; RABBITS; SUPERANTIGENS; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 0033561629     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Iandolo, J. J., and S. K. Chapes. 1997. The exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. In Superantigens: Relevance to Human Disease and Basic Biology. D. Y. M. Leung, B. Huber, and P. M. Schlievert, eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 167.
2. Melish, M., and L. A. Glasgow. 1970. The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: development of an experimental model. N. Engl. J. Med. 282:1114.
3. Vath, G. M., C. A. Earhart, J. V. Rago, M. H. Kim, G. A. Bohach, P. M. Schlievert, and D. H. Ohlendorf. 1997. The structure of the superantigen exfoliative toxin A suggests a novel regulation as a serine protease. Biochemistry 36:1559.
4. Cavarelli, J., G. Prevost, W. Bourguet, L. Moulinier, B. Chevrier, B. Delagoutte, A. Bilwes, L. Mourey, S. Rifai, Y. Piemont, and D. Moras. 1997. The structure of Staphylococcus aureus epidermolytic toxin A, an atypic serine protease, at 1.7 Å resolution. Structure 5:813.
5. Prevost, G., S. Rifai, M. Chaix, and Y. Piemont. 1991. Functional evidence that the Ser-195 residue of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A is essential for biological activity. Infect. Immun. 59:3337.
6. Morlock, B. A., L. Spero, and A. D. Johnson. 1980. Mitogenic activity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin. Infect. Immun. 30:381.
7. Chapes, S. K., S. M. Hoynowski, K. M. Woods, J. W. Armstrong, A. A. Beharka, and J. J. Iandolo. 1993. Staphylococcus-mediated T cell activation and spontaneous natural killer cell activity in the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Infect. Immun. 61:4013.
8. White, J., A. Herman, A. Pullen, R. Kubo, J. Kappler, and P. Marrack. 1989. The Vβ-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: stimulation of mature T cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice. Cell 56:27.
9. Marrack, P., and J. Kappler. 1990. The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science 248:705.
10. Bohach, G. A., D. J. Fast, R. D. Nelson, and P. M. Schlievert. 1990. Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins involved in toxic shock syndrome and related illnesses. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 17:251.
11. Choi, Y., B. Kotzin, L. Herron, J. Callahan, P. Marrack, and J. Kappler. 1989. Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus toxin superantigens with human T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8941.
12. Callahan, J. E., A. Herman, J. Kappler, and P. Marrack. 1990. Stimulation of B10.Br T cells with superantigenic staphylococcal toxins. J. Immunol. 144:2473.
13. Fleischer, B. 1995. Too many superantigens. In Bacterial Superantigens: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. J. Thibodeau and R. P. Sekaly, eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 25.
14. Fleischer, B., and C. J. Bailey. 1992. Recombinant epidermolytic (exfoliative) toxin A of Staphylococcus aureus is not a superantigen. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 180:273.
15. Lee, C. Y., J. J. Schmidt, A. D. Johnson-Winegar, L. Spero, and J. J. Iandolo. 1987. Sequence determination and comparison of the exfoliative toxin A and B genes from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 169:3904.
16. Jackson, M., and J. J. Iandolo. 1986. Cloning and expression of the exfoliative toxin B gene from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 166:574.
17. Gray, O., and S. Chang. 1981. Molecular cloning and expression of Bacillus licheniformis β-lactamase gene in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 145:422.
18. Lee, S. U., M. Quesnell, L. K. Fox, J. W. Yoon, Y. H. Park, W. C. Davis, D. Falk, C. F. Deobald, and G. A. Bohach. 1998. Characterization of staphylococcal bovine mastitis isolates using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Food Protect. 61: 1384.
19. Roggiani, M., J. A. Stoehr, B. A. Leonard, and P. M. Schlievert. 1997. Analysis of toxicity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A mutants. Infect. Immun. 65: 2868.
20. Deringer, J. R., R. J. Ely, C. V. Stauffacher, and G. A. Bohach. 1996. Subtype-specific interactions of type C staphylococcal enterotoxins with the T cell receptor. Mol. Microbiol. 22:523.
21. Chang, S., and S. N. Cohen. 1979. High efficiency transformation of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts by plasmid DNA. Mol. Gen. Genet. 168:111.
22. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor.
23. De Azavedo, J. C. S., C. J. Bailey, and J. P. Arbuthnott. 1988. Purification of epidermolytic toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Enzymol. 165:32.
24. Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680.
25. Deringer, J. R., R. J. Ely, C. V. Stauffacher, and G. A. Bohach. 1997. Vβ dependent stimulation of bovine and human T cells by host-specific staphylococcal enterotoxins. Infect. Immun. 65:4048.
26. Kotb, M., R. Watanabe-Ohnishi, B. Wang, M. Tomai, L. Le Gros, P. M. Schlievert, M. El Demellawy, and A. M. Geller. 1993. Analysis of the TCR Vβ specificities of bacterial superantigens using PCR. Immunomethods 2:33.
27. Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463.
28. Poindexter, N. J., and P. M. Schlievert. 1985. Toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 induced proliferation of lymphocytes: comparison of the mitogenic response of human, murine, and rabbit lymphocytes. J. Infect. Dis. 151:65.
29. Jondal, M., G. Holm, and H. Wigzell. 1972. Surface markers on human T and B lymphocytes. I. A large population of lymphocytes forming nonimmune rosettes with sheep red blood cells. J. Exp. Med. 136:207.
30. Kim, Y. B., and D. W. Watson. 1970. A purified group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin: physicochemical and biological properties including the enhancement of susceptibility to endotoxin shock. J. Exp. Med. 131:611.
31. Westphal, O., and K. Jann. 1965. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide extraction with phenol-water and further application of the procedure. Methods Carbohydr. Chem. 5:83.
32. Nicholls, A., R. Bharadwaj, and B. Honig. 1993. GRASP: graphical representation and analysis of surface properties. Biophys. J. 64:166.
33. Chothia, C., D. R. Boswell, and A. M. Lesk. 1988. The outline structure of the T-cell αβ receptor. EMBO J. 7:3745.
34. Conrad, B., E. Weldmann, G. Trucco, W. A. Rudert, R. Behboo, C. Ricordi, H. Rodriquez-Rilo, D. Finegold, and M. Trucco. 1994. Evidence for superantigen involvement in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus aetiology. Nature 371:351.
35. Concannon, P., L. A. Pickering, P. Kung, and L. Hood. 1986. Diversity and structure of human T-cell receptor β chain variable region genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:6598.
36. Toyonaga, B., Y. Yoshikai, V. Vadasz, B. Chin, and T. W. Mak. 1985. Organization and sequences of the diversity, joining, and constant region genes of the human T-cell receptor β chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:8624.
37. Adler, H. L., and E. B. Roessler. 1972. Student's t-distribution: small sample methods. In Introduction to Probability and Statistics. R. A. Rosenbaum and G. P. Johnson, eds. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, pp. 153-173.
38. Marr, J. C., J. D. Lyon, J. R. Roberson, M. Lupher, W. C. Davis, and G. A. Bohach. 1993. Characterization of novel type C enterotoxins: biological and evolutionary implications. Infect. Immun. 61:4254.
39. Schlievert, P. M., K. N. Shands, B. B. Dan, G. P. Schmid, and R. D. Nishimura. 1981. Identification and characterization of an exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with toxic shock syndrome. J. Infect. Dis. 143:509.
40. Tomai, M. A., P. M. Schlievert, and M. Kotb. 1992. Distinct T-cell receptor Vβ gene usage by human T lymphocytes stimulated with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins and pep M5 protein. Infect. Immun. 60:701.
41. Roggiani, M. 1997. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A: structural-functional analysis and vaccination studies. Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
42. Leung, D. Y. M., B. T. Huber, and P. M. Schlievert. 1997. Historical perspective of superantigens and their biological activities. In Superantigens: Relevance to Human Disease and Basic Biology. D. Y. M. Leung, B. Huber, and P. M. Schlievert, eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 1.
43. Fields, B. A., E. L. Malchiodi, H. Li, X. Ysern, C. V. Stauffacher, P. M. Schlievert, K. Karjalainen, and R. A. Mariuzza. 1996 Crystal structure of a T-cell receptor β-chain complexed with a superantigen. Nature 384:188.
44. Niedergang, F., A. Hemar, C. R. A. Hewitt, M. J. Owen, A. Dautry-Varsat, and A. Alcover. 1995. The Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B superantigen induces specific T cell receptor down-regulation by increasing its internalization. J. Biol. Chem. 270:12839.
45. Salio, M., S. Valitutti, and A. Lanzavecchia. 1997. Agonist-induced T cell receptor down-regulation: molecular requirements and dissociation from T cell activation. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1769.
46. Valitutti, S., S. Müller, M. Salio, and A. Lanzavecchia. 1997. Degradation of T cell receptor complexes after antigenic stimulation. J. Exp. Med. 185:1859.
47. Edwards, V. M., J. R. Deringer, S. D. Callantine, C. F. Deobald, P. H. Berger, V. Kapur, C. V. Stauffacher, and G. A. Bohach. 1997. Characterization of the canine type C enterotoxin (SEC-canine) produced by Staphylococcus intermedius pyoderma isolates. Infect. Immun 65:2346.