Isopycnic modeling of the North Atlantic heat budget

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 104, Issue C1, 1999, Pages 1377-1392

  Jones, Ian ^a   Leach, Harry ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION MODELING; EKMAN PUMPING; HEAT BUDGET; THERMODYNAMICS;

(NORTH); ATLANTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033556510     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998jc900043     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bathén, K. H., Heat storage and advection in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 676-687, 1971.
2. Bleck, R., H. P. Hanson, D. Hu, and E. B. Kraus, Mixed layer-thermocline interaction in a three-dimensional isopycnic coordinate model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1417-1439, 1989.
3. Bleck, R., C. Rooth, D. Hu, and L. T. Smith, Salinity-driven thermocline transients in a wind- and thermohaline-forced isopycnic coordinate model of the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1486-1505, 1992.
4. Boning, C. W., and P. Herrmann, Annual cycle of poleward heat transport in the ocean: Results from high-resolution modeling of the North and Equatorial Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 91-107, 1994.
5. Bryden, H. L., D. H. Roemmich, and J. A. Church, Ocean heat transport across 24°N in the Pacific, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 38, 297-324, 1991.
6. Cai, W., R. J. Greatbatch, and S. Zhang, Interdecadal variability in an ocean model driven by a small, zonal redistribution of the surface buoyancy flux, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1998-2010, 1995.
7. Cox, M. D., An eddy resloving numerical model of the ventilated thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1312-1324, 1985.
8. Gent, P. R., and J. C. McWilliams, Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 150-155, 1990.
9. Gill, A. E., and P. P. Niiler, The theory of the seasonal variability in the ocean, Deep Sea Res., 20, 141-177, 1973.
10. Hall, M. M., and H. L. Bryden, Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 29, 339-359, 1982.
11. Hellermann, S., and M. Rosenstein, Normal monthly wind stress over the World Ocean with error estimates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1093-1104, 1983.
12. Isemer, H.-J., and L. Hasse, The Bunker Climate Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean, vol. 1, Observations, 218 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985.
13. Isemer, H.-J., J. Willebrand, and L. Hasse, Fine adjustment of large scale air-sea energy flux parameterizations by direct estimates of ocean heat transport, J. Clim., 2, 1173-1184, 1989.
14. Kraus, E. B., and J. S. Turner, A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline, II, The general theory and its consequences, Tellus, 19, 98-106, 1967.
15. Lamb, P. J., and A. F. Bunker, The annual march of the heat budget of the North and Tropical Atlantic Oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1388-1410, 1982.
16. Levitus, S., Climatological atlas of the world ocean, NOAA Prof. Pap., 13, 173 pp., U. S. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, D. C., 1982.
17. Marshall, D., and J. Marshall, On the thermodynamics of subduction, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 138-151, 1995.
18. Marshall, J. C., A. J. Nurser, and R. G. Williams, Inferring the subduction rate and period over the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1315-1329, 1993.
19. McCulloch, M. E., Seasonal heat and freshwater fluxes in the Northeast Atlantic, Ph.D. thesis, 128 pp., Liverpool Univ., Liverpool, England, 1995.
20. New, A. L., and R. Bleck, An isopycnic model study of the North Atlantic, II, Interdecadal variability of the subtropical gyre, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2700-2714, 1995.
21. New, A. L., R. Bleck, Y. Jia, R. Marsh, M. Huddleston, and S. Barnard, An isopycnic model study of the North Atlantic, I, Model experiment, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2667-2699, 1995.
22. Nurser, A. J. G., and J. C. Marshall, On the relationship between subduction rates and diabatic forcing of the mixed layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1793-1802, 1991.
23. Paillet, J., and M. Arhan, Shallow pycnoclines and mode water subduction in the Eastern North-Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 96-114, 1996.
24. Rind, D., D. Peteet, W. S. Broecker, A. McIntyre, and W. Ruddiman, The impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate: Implications for the Younger Dryas cooling (11-10k.), Clim. Dyn., 1, 3-33, 1986.
25. Sarmiento, J. L., On the North and tropical Atlantic heat balance, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11,677-11,689, 1986.
26. Schmitt, R. W., P. S. Bogden, and C. E. Dorman, Evaporation minus precipitation and density fluxes for the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1208-1221, 1989.
27. Wang, X., P. H. Stone, and J. Marotzke, Poleward heat transport in a barotropic ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 256-265, 1995.
28. Woodruff, S. D., R. J. Slutz, R. L. Jenne, and P. M. Steurer, A comprehensive ocean-atmosphere dataset, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 68, 1239-1250, 1987.