Sulfoxides in radical chemistry. High 1,2-asymmetric induction in radical cyclizations

Tetrahedron Letters

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 495-498

  Imboden, Christoph ^a   Bourquard, Thierry ^a   Corminboeuf, Olivier ^a   Renaud, Philippe ^a   Schenk, Kurt ^b   Zahouily, Mohamed ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RADICAL; SULFOXIDE;

ARTICLE; CHIRALITY; CYCLIZATION; ENANTIOMER; MOLECULAR INTERACTION;

EID: 0033556228     PISSN: 00404039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)02420-4     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Giese, B.; Kopping, B.; Göbel, T.; Dickhaut, J.; Thoma, G.; Kulicka, K. J.; Trach, F. Org. React. 1996, 48, 301-856. Curran, D. P. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M.; Flemming, I. Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1991, Vol. 4, pp 779-833. Pattenden, G.; Sandeep, H. Contemp. Org. Synth. 1997, 197-215. Malacria, M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 289-306.
2. Giese, B.; Kopping, B.; Göbel, T.; Dickhaut, J.; Thoma, G.; Kulicka, K. J.; Trach, F. Org. React. 1996, 48, 301-856. Curran, D. P. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M.; Flemming, I. Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1991, Vol. 4, pp 779-833. Pattenden, G.; Sandeep, H. Contemp. Org. Synth. 1997, 197-215. Malacria, M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 289-306.
3. Giese, B.; Kopping, B.; Göbel, T.; Dickhaut, J.; Thoma, G.; Kulicka, K. J.; Trach, F. Org. React. 1996, 48, 301-856. Curran, D. P. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M.; Flemming, I. Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1991, Vol. 4, pp 779-833. Pattenden, G.; Sandeep, H. Contemp. Org. Synth. 1997, 197-215. Malacria, M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 289-306.
4. Giese, B.; Kopping, B.; Göbel, T.; Dickhaut, J.; Thoma, G.; Kulicka, K. J.; Trach, F. Org. React. 1996, 48, 301-856. Curran, D. P. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M.; Flemming, I. Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1991, Vol. 4, pp 779-833. Pattenden, G.; Sandeep, H. Contemp. Org. Synth. 1997, 197-215. Malacria, M. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 289-306.
5. Beckwith, D. L. J.; Schiesser, C. H. Tetrahedron 1985, 41, 3925-3941. Spellmeyer, D. C.; Houk, K.N. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 959-974. RajanBabu, T. V. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 139-145. Curran, D. P.; Porter, N. A.; Giese, B. Stereochemistry of Radical Reactions; Curran, D. P. Ed.; VCH: Weinheim, 1996, pp 23-102.
6. Beckwith, D. L. J.; Schiesser, C. H. Tetrahedron 1985, 41, 3925-3941. Spellmeyer, D. C.; Houk, K.N. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 959-974. RajanBabu, T. V. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 139-145. Curran, D. P.; Porter, N. A.; Giese, B. Stereochemistry of Radical Reactions; Curran, D. P. Ed.; VCH: Weinheim, 1996, pp 23-102.
7. Beckwith, D. L. J.; Schiesser, C. H. Tetrahedron 1985, 41, 3925-3941. Spellmeyer, D. C.; Houk, K.N. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 959-974. RajanBabu, T. V. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 139-145. Curran, D. P.; Porter, N. A.; Giese, B. Stereochemistry of Radical Reactions; Curran, D. P. Ed.; VCH: Weinheim, 1996, pp 23-102.
8. Beckwith, D. L. J.; Schiesser, C. H. Tetrahedron 1985, 41, 3925-3941. Spellmeyer, D. C.; Houk, K.N. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 959-974. RajanBabu, T. V. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 139-145. Curran, D. P.; Porter, N. A.; Giese, B. Stereochemistry of Radical Reactions; Curran, D. P. Ed.; VCH: Weinheim, 1996, pp 23-102.
9. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
10. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
11. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
12. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
13. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
14. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
15. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
16. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
17. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
18. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
19. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
20. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
21. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
22. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
23. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
24. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
25. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
26. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
27. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
28. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
29. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
30. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
31. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
32. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
33. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
34. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
35. For a review on the use of chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions, see: ref 2d, chapter 5. Examples of radical cyclizations controlled by a chiral auxiliary bound to the radical center have been reported. Amides outside the forming ring: Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J.; Heffner, T. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6738-6740; Kim, B. H.; Curran, D. P. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 293-318; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 199-202; Curran, D. P.; Shen, W.; Zhang, J. C.; Gieb, S. J.; Lin, C. H. Heterocycles 1994, 37, 1773-1788; Stack, J. G.; Curran, D. P.; Geib, S. V.; Rebek Jr., J.; Ballester, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7007-7018; Zoretic, P. A.; Weng, X.; Biggers, C. K.; Biggers, M. S.; Kaspar, M.; Davies, D. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 2637-2640; Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Wessig, P.; Wettstein, P.; Giese, B.; Neuburger, M.; Zehnder, M. Helv. Chim. Acta 1994, 77, 829-837. Amide inside the forming ring: Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1994, 445-446; Ishibashi, H.; Kodama, K.; Kameoka, C.; Kawanami, H.; Ikeda, M. Synlett 1995, 912-914; Ishibashi, H.; Sato, T.; Ikeda, M. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1995, 53, 85-94; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 489-502; Ishibashi, H.; Fuke, Y.; Yamashita, Y.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2531-2538; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Ishibashi, H.; Kameoka, C.; Kodama, K.; Kawanami, H.; Hamada, M.; Ikeda, M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 9611-9622; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M.; Rossetti, M. Heterocycles 1994, 38, 2663-2676; Cardillo, B.; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Synlett 1995, 1159-1160; Galeazzi, R.; Mobbili, G.; Orena, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 1069-1084; Wyss, C.; Batra, R.; Lehmann, C.; Sauer, S.; Giese, B. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35, 2529-2531. Esters: Zhang, Q. W.; Mohan, R. M.; Cook, L.; Kazanis, S.; Peisach, D.; Foxman, B. M.; Snider, B. B. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7640-7651; Chen, M.-Y.; Fang, J.-M.; Tsai, Y.-M.; Yeh, R.-L. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1603-1604. Acetals: Bertrand, M. P.; Crich, D.; Nouguier, R.; Samy, R.; Stien, D. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3588-3589; Fensterbank, L.; Dhimane, A. L.; Wu, S. H.; Lacôte, E.; Bogen, S.; Malacria, M. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 11405-11420; Nishida, A.; Kawahara, N.; Nishida, M.; Yonemitsu, O. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 9713-9734. Miscellaneous: Cossy, J.; Bouzide, A.; Leblanc, C. Synlett 1993, 202-204; Bowman, W. R.; Broadhurst, M. J.; Coghlan, D. R.; Lewis, K. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 6301-6304; Tsai, Y. M.; Chang, F. C.; Huang, J. M.; Shiu, C. L.; Kao, C. L.; Liu, J. S. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4291-4308.
36. Walker, A. J.; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 961-998. Drabowicz, J.; Kielbasinski, P.; Mikolajczyk, M. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 255-389. Zoller, U. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 389-491. Solladié, G.; Carreno, M.C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 1, pp 1-49. Allin, S. M.; Shuttleworth, S. J.; Bulman Page, P. C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 97-157. Westwell, A. D.; Rayner, C. M. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 157-229.
37. Walker, A. J.; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 961-998. Drabowicz, J.; Kielbasinski, P.; Mikolajczyk, M. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 255-389. Zoller, U. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 389-491. Solladié, G.; Carreno, M.C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 1, pp 1-49. Allin, S. M.; Shuttleworth, S. J.; Bulman Page, P. C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 97-157. Westwell, A. D.; Rayner, C. M. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 157-229.
38. Walker, A. J.; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 961-998. Drabowicz, J.; Kielbasinski, P.; Mikolajczyk, M. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 255-389. Zoller, U. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 389-491. Solladié, G.; Carreno, M.C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 1, pp 1-49. Allin, S. M.; Shuttleworth, S. J.; Bulman Page, P. C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 97-157. Westwell, A. D.; Rayner, C. M. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 157-229.
39. Walker, A. J.; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 961-998. Drabowicz, J.; Kielbasinski, P.; Mikolajczyk, M. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 255-389. Zoller, U. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 389-491. Solladié, G.; Carreno, M.C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 1, pp 1-49. Allin, S. M.; Shuttleworth, S. J.; Bulman Page, P. C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 97-157. Westwell, A. D.; Rayner, C. M. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 157-229.
40. Walker, A. J.; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 961-998. Drabowicz, J.; Kielbasinski, P.; Mikolajczyk, M. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 255-389. Zoller, U. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 389-491. Solladié, G.; Carreno, M.C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 1, pp 1-49. Allin, S. M.; Shuttleworth, S. J.; Bulman Page, P. C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 97-157. Westwell, A. D.; Rayner, C. M. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 157-229.
41. Walker, A. J.; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1992, 3, 961-998. Drabowicz, J.; Kielbasinski, P.; Mikolajczyk, M. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 255-389. Zoller, U. The Syntheses of Sulphones, Sulfoxides and Cyclic Sulphides; Patai, S; Rappoport, Z. Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1994, pp 389-491. Solladié, G.; Carreno, M.C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 1, pp 1-49. Allin, S. M.; Shuttleworth, S. J.; Bulman Page, P. C. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 97-157. Westwell, A. D.; Rayner, C. M. Organosulfur Chemistry; Page, P. C. Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1995, Vol. 2, pp 157-229.
42. Beckwith, A. L. J.; Hersperger, R.; White, J. M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1151-1152. Snider, B. B.; Yu-Fong Wan, B.; Buckman, B. O.; Foxman, B. M. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 328-334. De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T. Synlett 1993, 871-874.
43. Beckwith, A. L. J.; Hersperger, R.; White, J. M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1151-1152. Snider, B. B.; Yu-Fong Wan, B.; Buckman, B. O.; Foxman, B. M. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 328-334. De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T. Synlett 1993, 871-874.
44. Beckwith, A. L. J.; Hersperger, R.; White, J. M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1151-1152. Snider, B. B.; Yu-Fong Wan, B.; Buckman, B. O.; Foxman, B. M. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 328-334. De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T. Synlett 1993, 871-874.
45. Renaud, P.; Bourquard, T.; Gerster, M.; Moufid, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1601-1603.
46. a) Renaud, P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 4601-4604.
47. b) Renaud, P.; Carrupt, P.-A.; Gerster, M.; Schenk, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1703-1706.
48. c) Renaud, P.; Bourquard, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 1707-1710.
49. d) Renaud, P.; Bourquard, T. Synlett 1995, 1021-1023.
50. e) Renaud, P.; Caron, G.; Carrupt, P.-A.; Knouzi, N.; Zahouily, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8387-8390.
51. Tsai, Y.-M.; Ke, B.-W.; Lin, C.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6047-6050. Tsai, Y.-M.; Ke, B.-W.; Lin, C.-H. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 7805-7826. Landais, Y.; Angelaud, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 233-236.
52. Tsai, Y.-M.; Ke, B.-W.; Lin, C.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6047-6050. Tsai, Y.-M.; Ke, B.-W.; Lin, C.-H. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 7805-7826. Landais, Y.; Angelaud, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 233-236.
53. Tsai, Y.-M.; Ke, B.-W.; Lin, C.-H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6047-6050. Tsai, Y.-M.; Ke, B.-W.; Lin, C.-H. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 7805-7826. Landais, Y.; Angelaud, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 233-236.
54. For reaction of cyclic sulfinylated radicals, see: Renaud, P.; Ribezzo, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7803-7805; Renaud, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1305-1313; Renaud, P.; Moufid, N.; Kuo, L. H.; Curran, D. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3547-3552; De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T.; Winkler, T. Synlett 1991, 101-104.
55. For reaction of cyclic sulfinylated radicals, see: Renaud, P.; Ribezzo, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7803-7805; Renaud, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1305-1313; Renaud, P.; Moufid, N.; Kuo, L. H.; Curran, D. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3547-3552; De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T.; Winkler, T. Synlett 1991, 101-104.
56. For reaction of cyclic sulfinylated radicals, see: Renaud, P.; Ribezzo, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7803-7805; Renaud, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1305-1313; Renaud, P.; Moufid, N.; Kuo, L. H.; Curran, D. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3547-3552; De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T.; Winkler, T. Synlett 1991, 101-104.
57. For reaction of cyclic sulfinylated radicals, see: Renaud, P.; Ribezzo, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7803-7805; Renaud, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1305-1313; Renaud, P.; Moufid, N.; Kuo, L. H.; Curran, D. P. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3547-3552; De Mesmaeker, A.; Waldner, A.; Hoffman, P.; Mindt, T.; Winkler, T. Synlett 1991, 101-104.
58. Enantiomerically pure o-chlorophenyl sulfoxides are easily available via the classical Andersen approach: Imboden, C. I.; Renaud, P. manuscript in preparation.
59. Grigg, R.; Devlin, J.; Ramasubbu, A.; Scott, R. M.; Stevenson, P. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1987, 1515-1520. Bertrand, M. P.; Surzur, J.-M.; De Riggi, I. Tetrahedron 1990, 46, 5285-5294.
60. Grigg, R.; Devlin, J.; Ramasubbu, A.; Scott, R. M.; Stevenson, P. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1987, 1515-1520. Bertrand, M. P.; Surzur, J.-M.; De Riggi, I. Tetrahedron 1990, 46, 5285-5294.
61. Details of the structure have been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), 12 Union road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK.