Interfacial area generation in two-phase systems and its effect on kinetics of phase transfer catalyzed reactions

Tetrahedron

Volumn 55, Issue 20, 1999, Pages 6261-6274

  Starks, Charles M ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Agitation; Interfacial area; Interfacial tension; Kinetics; Phase transfer catalysis; Stirring

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; LAMINAR FLOW; PHASE TRANSITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0033553378     PISSN: 00404020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00203-3     Document Type: Article

References (43)

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15. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
16. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
17. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
18. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
19. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
20. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
21. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
22. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
23. 10. (a) Lele, S.S., Bhave, R.R., Sharma, M.M., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1983 38, 765; (b) Rodger, W.A., Trice, V.G., Jr., Rushton, J.H. Chem. Eng. Progr., 1956, 52, 515; 1952, 48, 297; (c) Bohr, N., Wheeler, J.A., Phys. Rev., 1939, 56,426; (d) Hinze, J. O., AIChEJ, 1955, 1, 289 ; (e) Magnusson, K., Chem. & Process Eng., 1954, 35, 276; (f) Madden, A.J., Damerell, G.L., AIChEJ, 1962, 8, 283; (g) Rushton, J.H., Nagata, S., Rooney, T.B., AIChEJ , 1964, 10, 298; (h) Shinnar, R., Church, J.E., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, 52(3), 253; Sprow, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1967, 22, 435 ; AIChEJ 1967, 13, 995; (i) Kafarov, V.V., Babanov, B.M., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 37, 173; (j) Pavlushenko, I.S., Yanishevskii, A.V., J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1959, 32, 1529.
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28. 13. (a) Bradbury, L.J.S., Durst, F., Launder, B.E., Schmidt, F.W., Whitelaw, J.H., eds., Turbulent Shear Flows, Springer-Verlag Publ., New York, 1980; (b) Stanišic, M.M., The Mathematical Theory of Turbulence, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988; (c) Cutter, J., AIChEJ., 1966, 12, 35.
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32. 14. (a) Neumann, R., Sasson, Y., J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3448; (b) Wang, M.-L., Wang, H.M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 522; (c) Wang, M.L., Yang, H.M. J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 62, 135; (d) Azran, J., Buchman, O., Amer, L., Blum, J., J. Mol. Catal., 1986, 34, 229; (e) Do, J.S., Chow, T.C., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 1095; (f) Starks, C.M., Owens, R.M., J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3613 ; (g). Solaro, R., D'Antone, S., Chiellini, E. , J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4719.
33. 14. (a) Neumann, R., Sasson, Y., J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3448; (b) Wang, M.-L., Wang, H.M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 522; (c) Wang, M.L., Yang, H.M. J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 62, 135; (d) Azran, J., Buchman, O., Amer, L., Blum, J., J. Mol. Catal., 1986, 34, 229; (e) Do, J.S., Chow, T.C., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 1095; (f) Starks, C.M., Owens, R.M., J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3613 ; (g). Solaro, R., D'Antone, S., Chiellini, E. , J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4719.
34. 14. (a) Neumann, R., Sasson, Y., J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3448; (b) Wang, M.-L., Wang, H.M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 522; (c) Wang, M.L., Yang, H.M. J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 62, 135; (d) Azran, J., Buchman, O., Amer, L., Blum, J., J. Mol. Catal., 1986, 34, 229; (e) Do, J.S., Chow, T.C., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 1095; (f) Starks, C.M., Owens, R.M., J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3613 ; (g). Solaro, R., D'Antone, S., Chiellini, E. , J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4719.
35. 14. (a) Neumann, R., Sasson, Y., J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3448; (b) Wang, M.-L., Wang, H.M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 522; (c) Wang, M.L., Yang, H.M. J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 62, 135; (d) Azran, J., Buchman, O., Amer, L., Blum, J., J. Mol. Catal., 1986, 34, 229; (e) Do, J.S., Chow, T.C., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 1095; (f) Starks, C.M., Owens, R.M., J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3613 ; (g). Solaro, R., D'Antone, S., Chiellini, E. , J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4719.
36. 14. (a) Neumann, R., Sasson, Y., J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3448; (b) Wang, M.-L., Wang, H.M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 522; (c) Wang, M.L., Yang, H.M. J. Mol. Catal., 1990, 62, 135; (d) Azran, J., Buchman, O., Amer, L., Blum, J., J. Mol. Catal., 1986, 34, 229; (e) Do, J.S., Chow, T.C., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1990, 29, 1095; (f) Starks, C.M., Owens, R.M., J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 3613 ; (g). Solaro, R., D'Antone, S., Chiellini, E. , J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4719.
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40. 17. The ability of some longer chain quaternary salts, including Aliquat 336, to lower interfacial tensions has been probed by Gupta and Patil, [Gupta, N.N., Patil, G.S., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1993, 71, 802] and the ability of tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide and iodide to lower interfacial tension between hexane and water has been reported by Tamaki. [Tamaki, K., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1967, 40, 38.]
41. 17. The ability of some longer chain quaternary salts, including Aliquat 336, to lower interfacial tensions has been probed by Gupta and Patil, [Gupta, N.N., Patil, G.S., Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1993, 71, 802] and the ability of tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide and iodide to lower interfacial tension between hexane and water has been reported by Tamaki.[Tamaki, K., Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1967, 40, 38.]
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