U-Pb and Pb-Pb isotopic studies relating to the origin of gold mineralization in the Evander Goldfield, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

Precambrian Research

Volumn 95, Issue 3-4, 1999, Pages 167-185

  Poujol, M ^a   Robb, L J ^b   Respaut, J P ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Authigenic; Detrital; Gold; Pb Pb; Pyrite; U Pb; Witwatersrand Basin; Zircon

Indexed keywords

AUTHIGENIC MINERAL; DETRITAL DEPOSIT; GOLD; LEAD-LEAD DATING; MINERALIZATION; URANIUM-LEAD DATING;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0033553315     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00111-9     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Anhaeusser C.R., Burger A.J. An interpretation of U-Pb zircon ages for archaean tonalitic gneisses from the Johannesburg-Pretoria granite dome. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Africa. 85:1982;111-116.
2. Antrobus, D.A., 1986. The goldfields of the Witwatersrand Basin. In: Anhaeusser, C.R., Maske, S. (Eds.), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa, 1. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, pp. 489-493.
3. Armstrong R.A., Compston W., Retief E.A., Williams I.S., Welke H.J. Zircon ion microprobe studies bearing on the age and evolution of the Witwatersrand triad. Precambrian Res. 53:1991;243-266.
4. Barton E.S., Compston W., Williams I.S., Bristow J.W., Hallbauer D.T., Smith C.B. Provenance ages for the Witwatersrand supergroup and the Vendersdorp contact reef: Contraints from ion microprobe U Pb ages of detrital zircons. Econ. Geol. 84:1989;2012-2019.
5. Bruguier O. U-Pb ages on single detrital zircon grains from the Tasmieyle Group: implications for the evolution of the Olekma Block (Aldan Shield, Siberia). Precambrian Res. 78:1996;197-210.
6. De Wit M.J., Roering C., Hart R.J., Armstrong R.A., De Ronde C.E.J., Green R.W.E., Tredoux M., Pederby E., Hart R.A. Formation of an Archaean Continent. Nature. 357:1992;553-562.
7. Feather C.E., Koen G.M. The mineralogy of the Witwatersrand reefs. Miner. Sci. Eng. 7:1975;189-224.
8. Ferraz, F.M., Robb, L.J., Meyer, F.M., 1986. The nature of the Archaean basement in the provenance areas of the East Rand and Evander goldfields (abstr.). Geocongress '86, Johannesburg, pp. 115-118.
9. Frimmel H.E. Metamorphism of the Witwatersrand gold. Expl. Min. Geol. 3:1994;357-370.
10. Hallbauer, D.K., 1986. The mineralogy and geochemistry of Witwatersrand pyrite, gold, uranium, and carbonaceous matter. In: Anhaeusser, C.R., Maske, S. (Eds.), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa, 1. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, pp. 731-752.
11. Hirdes, W., 1979. The Proterozoic gold-uranium Kimberley Reef placer in the Evander and East Rand Goldfields, Witwatersrand, South Africa - different facies and their source area aspects. Ph.D. Thesis, Heidelberg, 199 pp.
12. Krogh T.E. Improved accuracy of U-Pb ages by the creation of more concordant systems using an air abrasion technique. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 46:1982;617-649.
13. Lancelot J., Vitrac A., Allegre C.J. Uranium and lead isotopic dating with grain by grain zircon analysis: A study of complex geological history with a single rock. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 29:1976;357-366.
14. Liedenberg W.R. The occurence and origin of gold and radioactive minerals in the Witwatersrand system, the Dominion reef, the Ventersdorp Contact Reef and the black reef. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Africa. 58:1955;101-254.
15. Ludwig, K.R., 1993a. A Computer Program for Processing Pb-U-Th Isotope Data. US Geol. Survey, Open File Rep. 88-542, 32 pp.
16. Ludwig, K.R., 1993b. A Plotting and Regression Program for Radiogenic-isotope Data. US Geol. Survey, Open File Rep. 91-445, 42 pp.
17. MacLean P.J., Fleet M.E. Detrital pyrite in the Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa: Evidence from truncated growth banding. Econ. Geol. 84:1989;2008-2011.
18. Minter W.E.L. A sedimentological synthesis of placer gold, uranium and pyrite concentrations in Proterozoic Witwatersrand sediments. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 5:1978;801-829.
19. Palmer, J.A., Phillips, G.N., McCarthy, T.S., 1986. Do paleosols constrain oxygen levels during Witwatersrand deposition? (abstr.). Geocongress '86, Johannesburg, pp. 167-171.
20. Phillips G.N. Widespread fluid infiltration during metamorphism of the Witwatersrand goldfields: Generation of chloritoid and pyrophyllite. J. Metamorph. Geol. 6:1988;311-332.
21. Poujol M., Robb L.J., Respaut J.P., Anhaeusser C.R. 3.07-2.97 Ga Greenstone Belt formation in the northeastern Kaapvaal Craton: Implications for the origin of the Witwatersrand Basin. Econ. Geol. 91:1996;1455-1461.
22. Pretorius D.A. The sources of Witwatersrand gold and uranium: A continued difference of opinion. Econ. Geol. 8:1991;139-163.
23. Ramdohr P. New observations on the ores of the Witwatersrand in South Africa and their genetic significance. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Africa. 61:1958;1-50.
24. Robb, L.J., Meyer, F.M., 1994. Geological environment and mineralization processes during the formation of the Witwatersrand Au-U deposits (abstr.). XVth CMMI Congress, Johannesburg, pp. 3-18.
25. Robb L.J., Davis D.W., Kamo L. U-Pb ages on single grain detrital zircon grains from the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa: Constraints on the age of sedimentation and the evolution of granites adjacent to the basin. J. Geol. 98:1990;311-328.
26. Robb L.J., Landais P., Meyer F.M., Davis D.W. Nodular organic matter in granites: implications for the origin of 'kerogen' in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Expl. Min. Geol. 3(3):1994;219-230.
27. Robb L.J., Charlesworth E.G., Drennan G.R., Gibson R.L., Tongu E.L. Tectono-metamorphic setting and paragenetic sequence of Au-U mineralisation in the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Austr. J. Earth Sci. 44:1997;353-371.
28. Skinner, B.J., Merewether, P., 1986. Genesis of the Witwatersrand ores: Evidence versus prejudices (abstr.). Geocongress '86, Johannesburg, pp. 81-83.
29. Tegtmeyer A.R., Kröner A. U-Pb zircon ages bearing on the nature of early Archean greenstone belt evolution, Barberton Moutainland, Southern Africa. Econ. Geol. 36:1987;1-20.
30. Tweedie, E.B., 1986. The Evander goldfield. In: Anhaeusser, C.R., Maske, S. (Eds.), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa, 1. Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. pp. 705-730.
31. Wallmach T., Meyer F.M. A petrogenetic grid for metamorphosed aluminous Witwatersrand shales. S. Africa J. Geol. 93:1990;93-102.
32. Watchorn M.B., O'Brien M.F. The significance of marine modification in some Witwatersrand placers - an example from the lower Witwatersrand West Rand Group. S. Africa J. Geol. 94(5/6):1991;333-339.
33. Wronkiewicz D.J., Condie K.C. Geochemistry of Archaean shales from the Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: source area weathering and provenance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 51:1987;2401-2416.