A Saprolegnia parasitica challenge system for rainbow trout: Assessment of Pyceze as an anti-fungal agent for both fish and ova

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 129-141

  Pottinger, T G ^a   Day, J G ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bronopol; Cortisol; Fungal infection; Pyceze; Salmonid; Saprolegnia

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; BRONOPOL; DISEASE CONTROL; FUNGUS DETECTION; HYDROCORTISONE; MARINE ENVIRONMENT;

FUNGI; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE; SAPROLEGNIA; SAPROLEGNIA PARASITICA; SIPROETA STELENES; TEREBRANTIA;

EID: 0033549151     PISSN: 01775103     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/dao036129     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Alderman DJ (1985) Malachite green: a review. J Fish Dis 8: 289-298
2. Alderman DJ (1994) Control of oomycete pathogens in aquaculture. In: Mueller GJ (ed) Salmon Saprolegniasis. Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, p 111-129
3. Barton BA, Iwama GK (1991) Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the responses and effects of cortisol. Annu Rev Fish Dis 1:3-26
4. Bly JE, Lawson LA, Dale DJ, Szalai AJ, Durborow RM, Clem LW (1992) Winter saprolegniasis in channel catfish. Dis Aquat Org 24:25-33
5. Bly JE, Lawson LA, Abdel-Aziz ES, Clem LW (1994) Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, immunity to Saprolegnia sp. In: Tave D, Tucker CS (eds) Recent developments in catfish aquaculture. Haworth Press, New York, p 35-50
6. Bly JE, Quiniou SMA, Lawson LA, Clem LW (1996) Therapeutic and prophylactic measures for winter saprolegniosis in channel catfish. Dis Aquat Org 24:25-33
7. Bryce DM, Croshaw B, Hall JE, Holland VR, Lessel, B (1978) The activity and safety of the antimicrobial agent bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol). J Soc Cosmet Chems 29:3-24
8. Burka JF, Hammell KL, Horsberg TE, Johnson GR, Rainnie DJ, Speare DJ (1997) Drugs in salmonid aquaculture - a review. J Vet Pharmacol Therapeut 20:333-349
9. Carballo M, Muñoz MJ, Cuellar M, Tarazona JV (1995) Effects of waterborne copper, cyanide, ammonia, and nitrite on stress parameters and changes in susceptibility to Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Appl Environ Microbiol 61:2108-2112
10. Croshaw B, Holland VR (1984) Chemical preservatives use of bronopol as a cosmetic preservative In: Kabara JJ (ed) Cosmetic and drug preservation. Principles and practice. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 31-62
11. Cross ML, Willoughby LG (1989) Enhanced vulnerability of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Saprolegnia infection, following treatment of the fish with an androgen. Mycol Res 93:379-402
12. Culp SJ, Beland FA (1996) Malachite green: a toxicological review. J Am Coll Toxicol 15:219-238
13. Dalmo RA, Ingebrigtsen K, Bøgwald J (1997) Non-specific defence mechanisms in fish, with particular reference to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). J Fish Dis 20: 241-273
14. Edgell P, Lawseth D, McLean WE, Britton EW (1993) The use of salt solutions to control fungus (Saprolegnia) infestations on salmon eggs. Prog Fish Cult 55:48-52
15. Fitzpatrick MS, Schreck CB, Chitwood RL, Marking LL (1995) Evaluation of three candidate fungicides for treatment of adult spring chinook salmon. Prog Fish Cult 57:153-155
16. Kitancharoen N, Hatai K (1996) Experimental infection of Saprolegnia spp. in rainbow trout eggs. Fish Pathol 31: 49-50
17. Kudo S (1992) Enzymatic basis for protection of fish embryos by the fertilization envelope. Experientia 48:277-281
18. Kudo S, Teshima C (1991) Enzyme activities and antifungal action of fertilization envelope extract from fish eggs. J Exp Zool 259:392-398
19. Kumanova R, Vassileva M, Dobreva S, Manova S, Kupenov L (1989) Evaluating bronopol. Manuf Chem 60:36-37
20. Marking LL, Rach JJ, Schreier TM (1994) Evaluation of antifungal agents for fish culture. Prog Fish Cult 56:225-231
21. Meyer FP, Jorgenson TA (1983) Teratological and other effects of malachite green on development of rainbow trout and rabbits. Trans Am Fish Soc 112:818-824
22. Mishra SK, Segal E, Gunter E, Kurup VP, Mishra J, Murali PS, Pierson DL, Sandovsky-Losica H, Stevens DA (1994) Stress, immunity and mycotic diseases. J Med Vet Mycol 32:379-406
23. Ourth DD (1980) Secretory IgM, lysozyme and lymphocytes in the skin mucus of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Dev Comp Immunol 4:65-74
24. Pickering AD (1994) Factors which predispose salmonid fish to Saprolegniasis In: Mueller GJ (ed) Salmon Saprolegniasis. Bonneville Power Administration, Oregon, p 67-84
25. Pickering AD, Christie P (1980) Sexual differences in the incidence and severity of ectoparasitic infestation of the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. J Fish Biol 16:669-683
26. Pickering AD, Duston J (1983) Administration of cortisol to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and its effects on the susceptibility to Saprolegnia infection and furunculosis. J Fish Biol 23:163-175
27. Pickering AD, Pottinger TG (1987) Poor water quality suppresses the cortisol response of salmonid fish to handling and confinement. J Fish Biol 30:363-374
28. Pickering AD, Pottinger TG (1989) Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: effects of chronic elevations of plasma cortisol. Fish Physiol Biochem 7:253-258
29. Pickering AD, Willoughby LG (1982a) Saprolegnia infections of salmonid fish. Fiftieth Annual Report of the Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, p 38-48
30. Pickering AD, Willoughby LG (1982b) Saprolegnia infections of salmonid fish. In: Roberts RJ (ed) Microbial diseases of fish. Academic Press, London, p 271-297
31. Pickering AD, Willoughby LG, McGrory CB (1979) Fine structure of secondary zoospore cyst cases of Saprolegnia isolates from infected fish. Trans Br Mycol Soc 72:427-436
32. Pottinger TG, Carrick TR, Hughes SE, Balm PHM (1996) Testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and estradiol-17β modify baseline and stress-induced interrenal and corticotropic activity in trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 104:284-295
33. Rand TG, Munden D (1993) Chemotaxis of zoospores of two fish-egg-pathogenic strains of Saprolegnia diclina (Oomycotina: Saprolegniaceae) toward salmonid egg chorion extracts and selected amino acids and sugars. J Aquat Anim Health 5:240-245
34. Richards RH, Pickering AD (1978) Frequency and distribution patterns of Saprolegnia infection in wild and hatchery-reared brown trout Salmo trutta L. and char Salvelinus alpinus (L.). J Fish Dis 1:69-82
35. Schreier TM, Rach JJ, Howe GE (1996) Efficacy of formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chloride on fungal-infected rainbow trout eggs. Aquaculture 140:323-331
36. Shepherd JA, Waigh RD, Gilbert P (1988) Antibacterial action of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (bronopol). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1693-1698
37. Slater CH, Fitzpatrick MS, Schreck CB (1995) Androgens and immunocompetence in salmonids: specific binding in and reduced immunocompetence of salmonid lymphocytes exposed to natural and synthetic androgens. Aquaculture 136:363-370
38. Smith SN, Armstrong RA, Springate J, Barker G (1985) Infection and colonization of trout eggs by Saprolegniaceae. Trans Br Mycol Soc 85:719-764
39. Toler JC (1985) Preservative stability and preservative systems. Int J Cosmet Sci 7:157-164
40. 50 determination for malachite green and formalin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Water S A (Pretoria) 21:87-94
41. Waterstrat PR, Marking LL (1995) Clinical evaluation of formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chloride for the treatment of Saprolegnia parasitica on fall chinook salmon eggs. Prog Fish Cult 57:287-291
42. Wendelaar Bonga SE (1997) The stress response in fish. Physiol Rev 77:591-625
43. Willoughby LG, Pickering AD (1977) Viable Saprolegniaceae spores on the epidermis of the salmonoid fish Salmo trutta and Salvelinus alpinus. Trans Br Mycol Soc 68:91-95
44. Willoughby LG, McGrory CB, Pickering AD (1983) Zoospore germination of Saprolegnia pathogenic to fish. Trans Br Mycol Soc 80:421-435
45. Willoughby LG, Pickering AD, Johnson HG (1984) Polycell-gel assay of water for spores of Saprolegniaceae (fungi), especially those of the Saprolegnia pathogen of fish. Hydrobiologia 114:237-248
46. Wood SE, Willoughby LG, Beakes GW (1986) Preliminary evidence for inhibition of Saprolegnia fungus in the mucus of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. following experimental challenge. J Fish Dis 9:557-560
47. Wood SE, Willoughby LG, Beakes GW (1988) Experimental studies on uptake and interaction of spores of the Saprolegnia diclina-parasitica complex with external mucus of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Trans Br Mycol Soc 90:63-73
48. Yousif AN, Albright LJ, Evelyn TPT (1994) In vitro evidence for the antibacterial role of lysozyme in salmonid eggs. Dis Aquat Org 19:15-19