Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone

Science

Volumn 285, Issue 5434, 1999, Pages 1689-1692

  Randel, William J ^a   Stolarski, Richard S ^b   Cunnold, Derek M ^c   Logan, Jennifer A ^d   Newchurch, M J ^e   Zawodny, Joseph M ^f  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NASA HEADQUARTERS   (United States)

^c GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

^f NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OZONE;

OZONE; TREND ANALYSIS; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION;

ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; HEMISPHERE; OZONE LAYER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEASONAL VARIATION; STRATOSPHERE;

EID: 0033543503     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5434.1689     Document Type: Review

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23. The comparison of trend statistical models in (7) suggests caution in analysis of time series with frequently missing observations (such as SAGE data). However, for ozone profile observations, the trend uncertainty levels due to natural and sampling variability are usually much larger than those associated with details of the regression model.
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30. The space-time sampling of SAGE measurements do not allow a sufficient number of direct overlap comparisons with individual ozone sonde time series. In order to minimize statistical uncertainties, available ozone sonde trends over northern midlatitudes (in Europe, North America, and Japan) are averaged and compared with trends derived from zonal mean SAGE data.
31. Interannual variability in ozone density in the extratropical lower stratosphere is large because of enhanced meteorological variability inherent to the climate system. The QBO also contributes a large component of variance in this region; note the approximate 2-year variations in the regression fits at 40°-50°N and 40°-50°S in Fig. 5.
32. Accurate satellite measurements of ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere are difficult because: (i) there is low ozone density in this region (Fig. 1A), (ii) this region is ∼7 km below the tropical ozone maximum (Fig. 1A), through which the satellite line of sight must travel, (iii) there are problems in accurately tracking the sun at low altitudes, and (iv) the presence of enhanced aerosol contaminates the ozone retrieval in this region.
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34. Trends from each measurement type were derived with an associated estimate of statistical uncertainty. An additional uncertainty results from the potential drift of the instrument over time, and the total uncertainty is a root sum of squares addition of statistical and instrumental terms. These uncertainties have been evaluated for each instrument type (7). The average trends and uncertainty estimates in Table 1 are derived from a weighted mean of the individual measurement systems, where available (with weighting by the inverse square standard error for each system).
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37. 4. Calculated recovery in the lower stratosphere is sensitive to these variations as well as to details of the halogen and sulfate aerosol changes.
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40. Some component of the northern midlatitude lower stratospheric ozone trends may be associated with low frequency variations of stratospheric circulation, as suggested by L L Hood et al., J. Geophys. Res. 102, 13079 (1997); K. Pentzoldt, Ann. Geophysicae 17, 231 (1999); A. Fusco and M. Salby, J. Clim. 12, 1619 (1999).
41. Some component of the northern midlatitude lower stratospheric ozone trends may be associated with low frequency variations of stratospheric circulation, as suggested by L L Hood et al., J. Geophys. Res. 102, 13079 (1997); K. Pentzoldt, Ann. Geophysicae 17, 231 (1999); A. Fusco and M. Salby, J. Clim. 12, 1619 (1999).
42. 3); the vertical integral of such data then provides column ozone in units of DU.
43. The Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) and International Ozone Commission (IOC) ozone trends activities and report (7) were the result of a concerted effort of over 80 scientists spanning several years. These contributors are listed in (7). This effort was undertaken jointly by SPARC and the IOC, in close cooperation with the WMO Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.