Melting depths and mantle heterogeneity beneath Hawaii and the East Pacific Rise: Constraints from Na/Ti and rare earth element ratios

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 104, Issue B2, 1999, Pages 2817-2829

  Putirka, Keith ^a  

^a LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; MANTLE STRUCTURE; MELTING; PETROLOGY; RARE EARTH ELEMENT;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033540711     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1998jb900048     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Ahern, J. L., and D. L. Turcotte, Magma migration beneath an ocean ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 45, 115-122, 1979.
2. Allegre, C. J., and D. L. Turcotte, Implications of a 2-component marble cake mantle, Nature, 323, 123-127, 1986.
3. Anderson, D. L., Theory of the Earth, 366 pp., Blackwell Sci., Malden, Mass., 1989.
4. Anderson, D. L., T. Tanimoto, and Y. Zhang, Plate tectonics and hotspots: The third dimension, Science, 256, 1645-1651, 1992.
5. Atwater, T., Plate tectonic history of the northeast Pacific and western North America, in The Geology of North America, vol. N, The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii, edited by E. L. Winterer, D. M. Hussong, and R. W. Decker, pp. 21-72, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1989.
6. Beard, B. L., L. G. Medaris, C. M. Johnson, H. Brueckner, and Z. Misar, Petrogenesis of Variscan high-temperature Group A eclogites from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif, Czechoslovakia, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 111, 468-483, 1992.
7. Bennett, V. C., T. M. Esat, and M. D. Norman, Two mantle-plume components in Hawaiian picrites inferred from correlated Os-Pb isotopes, Nature, 381, 221-223, 1996.
8. Bertka, C. M., and J. R. Holloway, Pigeonite at solidus temperatures: Implications for partial melting, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19,755-19,766, 1993.
9. Bhattacharyya, J., G. Masters, and P. Shearer, Global lateral variations of shear wave attenuation in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,273-22,289, 1996.
10. Blundy, J. D., T. J. Falloon, B. J. Wood, and J. A. Dalton, Sodium partitioning between clinopyroxene and silicate melts, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15,501-15,515, 1995.
11. Bock, G., Long-period S to P converted waves and the onset of partial melting beneath Oahu, Hawaii, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 869-872, 1991.
12. Bodineir, J. L., M. Guiraud, J. Fabries, J. Dostal, and C. Dupuy, Petrogenesis of layered pyroxenites from the Lherz, Freychinede and Prades ultramafic bodies (Ariege, Grench Pyrenees), Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 279-290, 1987.
13. Budahn, J. R., and R. A. Schmitt, Petrogenetic modeling of Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts: A geochemical approach, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 67-87, 1985.
14. Canil, D., Orthopyroxene stability along the peridotite solidus and the origin of cratonic lithosphere beneath southern Africa, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 111, 83-95, 1992.
15. Cawthorn, R. G., Degrees of melting in mantle diapirs and the origin of ultrabasic liquids, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 27, 113-120, 1975.
16. Chen, C. Y., Lead isotopic constraints on the origin of Hawaiian basalts, Nature, 327, 49-52, 1987.
17. Chen, C. Y., and F. A. Frey, Trace element and isotopic geochemistry of lavas from Haleakala volcano, east Maui, Hawaii: Implications for the origin of Hawaiian basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8743-8768, 1985.
18. Chen, C. Y., F. A. Frey, J. M. Rhodes, and R. M. Easton, Temporal geochemical evolution of Kilauea Volcano: Comparison of Hilina and Puna Basalt, in Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 95, edited by S. Hart and A. Basu, pp. 161-181, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1996.
19. Detrick, R. S., and T. S. Crough, Island subsidence, hot spots, and lithospheric thinning, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1236-1244, 1978.
20. Eggins, S. M., Petrogenesis of Hawaiian tholeiites, 1, Phase equilibria constraints, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 110, 387-397, 1992.
21. 4 polymorphs and chemical heterogeneity in the mantle transition zone, Nature, 371, 693-695, 1994.
22. Farnetani, D. G., and M. A. Richards, Thermal entrainment and melting in mantle plumes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 251-267, 1995.
23. Feigenson, M. D., L. C. Patino, and M. J. Carr, Constraints on partial melting imposed by rare earth element variations in Mauna Kea basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 11,815-11,829, 1996.
24. Frey, F. A., and D. A. Clague, Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 66, 337-355, 1983.
25. Frey, F. A., M. O. Garcia, W. S. Wise, A. Kennedy, P. Gurriet, and F. Albarede, The evolution of Mauna Kea Volcano, Hawaii: Petrogenesis of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 14,347-14,375, 1991.
26. Frey, F. A., M. O. Garcia, and M. F. Roden, Geochemical characteristics of Koolau Volcano: Implications of inter-shield geochemical differences among Hawaiian volcanoes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 1441-1462, 1994.
27. Garcia, M. O., J. M. Rhodes, E. W. Wolfe, G. E. Ulrich, and R. A. Ho, Petrology of lavas from episodes 2-47 of the Pu'u O'o eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Evaluation of magmatic processes, Bull. Volcanol., 55, 1-16, 1992.
28. Garcia, M. O., B. A. Jorgenson, J. J. Mahoney, E. Ito, and A. J. Irving, An evaluation of temporal geochemical evolution of Loihi summit lavas: Results from Alvin submersible dives, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 537-550, 1993.
29. Garcia, M. O., D. J. P. Foss, H. B. West, and J. J. Mahoney, Geochemical and isotopic evolution of Loihi volcano, Hawaii, J. Petrol., 36, 1647-1674, 1995.
30. Griffin, W. L., and H. K. Brueckner, REE, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd studies of Norwegian eclogites, Chem. Geol., 52, 249-271, 1985.
31. Griffiths, J. B., and J. Cornichet, Origin of eclogites from south Brittany, France: A Sm-Nd isotopic study, Chem. Geol., 52, 185-201, 1985.
32. Grove, T. L., and W. B. Bryan, Fractionation of pyroxene-phyric MORB at low pressure: An experimental study, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 84, 293-309, 1983.
33. 2 at 2.4-3.4 GPa and the generation of komatiites, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27,701-27,709, 1996.
34. Hauri, E. H., Major-element variability in the Hawaiian mantle plume, Nature, 382, 415-419, 1996.
35. Hauri, E. H., J. C. Lassiter, and D. J. Depaolo, Osmium isotope systematics of drilled lavas from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 11,793-11,806, 1996.
36. Hekinian, R., G. Thompson, and D. Bideau, Axial and off-axial heterogeneity of basaltic rocks from the East Pacific Rise at 12°35′ N-12°51′ N and 11°26′ N-11°30′ N, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17,437-17,463, 1989.
37. Hirose, K., and I. Kushiro, Partial melting of dry peridotites at high pressures: Determination of compositions of melts segregated from peridotite using aggregates of diamond, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 114, 477-490, 1993.
38. Hirschmann, M. M., and E. M. Stolper, A possible role for garnet pyroxenite in the origin of the "garnet signature" in MORB, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 124, 185-208, 1996.
39. Hofmann, A. W., and W. M. White, Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic-crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 57, 421-436, 1982.
40. Hofmann, A. W., K. P. Jochum, M. Seufert, and W. M. White, Nb and Pb in oceanic basalts: New constraints on mantle evolution, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 79, 33-45, 1986.
41. Ita, J., and L. Stixrude, Petrology, elasticity, and composition of the mantle transition zone, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6849-6866, 1992.
42. Jackson, E. D., and H. R. Shaw, Stress fields in central portions of the Pacific plate: Delineated in time by linear volcanic chains, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 1861-1874, 1975.
43. Kellogg, L. H., Mixing in the mantle, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 20, 365-388, 1992.
44. Kinzler, R., Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition: Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 853-874, 1997.
45. Kinzler, R. J., and T. L. Grove, Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts, 1, Experiments and methods, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6885-6906, 1992a.
46. Kinzler, R. J., and T. L. Grove, Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts, 2, Applications, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6907-6926, 1992b.
47. Klein, E. M., and C. H. Langmuir, Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8089-8115, 1987.
48. Langmuir, C. H., Petrology data base, vols. II and III, in East Pacific Rise Data Synthesis Final Report, edited by S. Tingh, pp. 183-278, Joint Oceanogr. Inst. Inc., Washington, D. C., 1988.
49. Langmuir, C. H., and G. N. Hanson, An evaluation of major-element heterogeneity in the mantle sources of basalts, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 297, 383-407, 1980.
50. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, A. E. Bence, and G. N. Hanson, Petrogenesis of basalts from the FAMOUS area: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 36, 133-156, 1977.
51. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, and R. Batiza, Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East Pacific Rise, 5°30′-14°30′ N, Nature, 322, 422-429, 1986.
52. Langmuir, C. H., E. M. Klein, and T. Plank, Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: Constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges, in Mantle Flow and Melt Generation at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 71, edited by J. Phipps Morgan, D. K. Blackman, and J. M. Sinton, pp. 183-280, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1992.
53. Lanphere, M., 87Sr/86Sr ratios for basalt from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 66, 380-387, 1983.
54. Lindsley, D. H., Pyroxene thermometry, Am. Mineral., 68, 477-493, 1983.
55. Liu, M., and C. G. Chase, Evolution of hotspot swells: Numerical solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5571-5584, 1989.
56. Longhi, J., Liquidus equilibria of some primary lunar and terrestrial melts in the garnet stability field, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 2375-2386, 1995.
57. Longhi, J., and C. M. Bertka, Graphical analysis of pigeonite-augite liquidus equilibria, Am. Mineral., 81, 685-695, 1996.
58. Loubet, M., and C. J. Allegre, Trace elements in erogenic lherzolites reveal the complex history of the upper mantle, Nature, 298, 809-814, 1982.
59. Mammerickx, J., Large-scale undersea features of the northeast Pacific, in The Geology of North America, vol. N, The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii, edited by E. L. Winterer, D. M. Hussong, and R. W. Decker, pp. 5-13, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1989.
60. McDonough, W. F., and S. Sun, The composition of the Earth, Chem. Geol., 120, 223-253, 1995.
61. MELT Seismic Team, Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a mid-ocean ridge: The MELT experiment, Science, 280, 1215-1218, 1998.
62. Miller, C., H. G. Stosch, and S. Hoernes, Geochemistry and origin of eclogites from the type locality Koralpe and Saulpe, eastern Alps, Austria, Chem. Geol., 67, 103-118, 1988.
63. Morgan, J. P., W. J. Morgan, and E. Price, Hotspot melting generates both hotspot volcanism and a hotspot swell?, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8045-8062, 1995.
64. Morgan, J. W., Plate motions and deep mantle convection, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 132, 7-22, 1972.
65. Okano, O., and M. Tatsumoto, Petrogensis of ultramafic xenoliths from Hawaii inferred from Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, in Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 95, edited by S. Hart and A. Basu, pp. 135-147, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1996.
66. Oxburgh, E. R., and D. L. Turcotte, Mid-ocean ridges and geotherm distribution during mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 2643-2661, 1968.
67. Parsons, B., and J. G. Sclater, An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 803-827, 1977.
68. Plank, T., and C. H. Langmuir, Effects of the melting regime on the composition of the oceanic crust, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,749-19,770, 1992.
69. Prinzhofer, A., E. Lewin, and C. J. Allegre, Stochastic melting of the marble-cake mantle: Evidence from local study of the EPR at 12°50 N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 92, 189-206, 1989.
70. Putirka, K., Melt productivity during fractional melting and the apparent conflict between inferred melting depths and crustal thickness, Eos Trans. AGU, 78(46), Fall Meet Suppl., F837-F838, 1997.
71. Putirka, K., Garnet + liquid equilibrium, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 131, 273-288, 1998a.
72. Putirka, K., Clinopyroxene + liquid equilibrium to 100 kbar and 2450 K, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., in press, 1998b.
73. Reynolds, J. R., C. H. Langmuir, J. F. Bender, K. A. Kastens, and W. B. F. Ryan, Spatial and temporal variability in the geochemistry of basalts from the East Pacific Rise, Nature, 359, 493-499, 1992.
74. Rhodes, J. M., Geochemistry of the 1984 Mauna Loa eruption: Implications for magma storage and supply, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4453-4466, 1988.
75. Rhodes, J. M., Geochemical stratigraphy of lava flows sampled by the Hawaii scientific drilling project, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 11,729-11,746, 1996.
76. Rhodes, J. M., and S. R. Hart, Episodic trace element and isotopic variations in historical Mauna Loa lavas: Implications for magma and plume dynamics, in Mauna Loa Revealed, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 92, edited by J. M. Rhodes and J. P. Lockwood, pp. 263-288, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1995.
77. Ribe, N. M., and U. R. Christensen, Three-dimensional modeling of plume-lithosphere interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 669-682, 1994.
78. Richardson, S. H., A. J. Erlank, A. R. Duncan, and D. L. Reid, Correlated Nd, Sr and Pb isotope variation in Walvis Ridge basalts and implications for the evolution of their mantle source, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 59, 327-342, 1982.
79. Roden, M. F., T. Trull, S. R. Hart, and F. A. Frey, New He, Nd, Pb, and Sr constraints on the constitution of the Hawaiian plume: Results from Koolau Volcano, Oahu, Hawaii, USA, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 1431-1440, 1994.
80. Romanowicz, B., Anelastic tomography: A new perspective on upper mantle thermal structure, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 128, 113-121, 1994.
81. Romanowicz, B., A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,375-12,394, 1995.
82. Salters, V. J. M., The generation of mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Hf and Nd isotope perspective, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 141, 109-123, 1996.
83. Salters, V. J. M., and S. R. Hart, The Hf-paradox and the role of garnet in the source of mid-ocean ridge basalts, Nature, 342, 420-422, 1989.
84. Salters, V. J. M., and S. R. Hart, The mantle sources of ocean ridges, islands and arcs: The Hf-isotope connection, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 104, 364-380, 1991.
85. Schilling, J. G., Fluxes and excess temperatures of mantle plumes inferred from their interaction with migrating mid-ocean ridges, Nature, 352, 397-403, 1991.
86. Sims, K. W. W., and D. J. Depaolo, Inferences about mantle magma sources from incompatible element concentration ratios in oceanic basalts, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 765-784, 1997.
87. Sleep, N. H., Hotspots and mantle plumes: Some phenomenology, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6715-6736, 1990.
88. Sleep, N. H., M. A. Richards, and M. A. Hager, Onset of mantle plumes in the presence of preexisting convection, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7672-7689, 1988.
89. Spiegelman, M., Geochemical consequences of melt transport in 2-D: The sensitivity of trace-elements to mantle dynamics, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 115-132, 1996.
90. Staudigel, H., A. Zindler, S. R. Hart, T. Leslie, C. Y. Chen, and D. Clague, The isotope systematics of a juvenile intraplate volcano: Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 69, 13-29, 1984.
91. Stein, C. A., and S. Stein, A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age, Nature, 359, 123-129, 1992.
92. Stille, P., D. M. Unruh, and M. Tatsumoto, Pb, Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic evidence of multiple sources for Oahu, Hawaii basalts, Nature, 304, 25-29, 1983.
93. Stosch, H. G., and G. W. Lugmair, Geochemistry and evolution of MORB-type eclogites from the Munchberg Massif, southern Germany, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 99, 230-249, 1990.
94. Takahashi, E., T. Shimazaki, Y. Tsuzaki, and H. Yoshida, Melting study of a peridotite KLB-1 to 6.5 GPa, and the origin of basaltic magmas, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 342, 105-120, 1993.
95. Taylor, L. A., and C. R. Neal, Eclogites with oceanic crustal and mantle signatures from the Bellsbank Kimberlite, South Africa, 1, Mineralogy, petrography, and whole rock chemistry, J. Geol., 97, 551-567, 1989.
96. Tormey, D. R., T. L. Grove, and W. B. Bryan, Experimental petrology of normal MORB near the Kane Fracture Zone: 22°-25° N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 96, 121-139, 1987.
97. VonHerzen, R. P., M. J. Cordery, R. S. Detrick, and C. Fang, Heat flow and the thermal origin of hot spot swells: The Hawaiian swell revisited, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,783-13,799, 1989.
98. Wagner, T. P., and T. L. Grove, Melt/Harzburgite reaction in the petrogenesis of tholeiitic magma from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 131, 1-12, 1998.
99. Walter, M. J., Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiite and depleted lithosphere, J. Petrol., 39, 29-60, 1998.
100. Watson, S., and D. McKenzie, Melt generation by plumes: A study of Hawaiian volcanism, J. Petrol., 32, 501-537, 1991.
101. Wei, K., R. G. Tronnes, and C. M. Scarfe, Phase relations of aluminum-undepleted and aluminum-depleted komatiites at pressures of 4-12 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 15,817-15,827, 1990.
102. Weidner, D. J., and E. Ito, Mineral physics constraints on a uniform mantle composition, in High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 39, edited by M. H. Manghnani and Y. Syono, pp. 439-446, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1987.
103. Wessel, P., Observational constraints on models of the Hawaiian hot spot swell, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,095-16,104, 1993.
104. White, R. S., D. McKenzie, and K. Onions, Oceanic crustal thickness from seismic measurements and rare earth element inversions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,683-19,715, 1992.
105. Wilson, J. T., A possible origin of the Hawaiian islands, Can. J. Phys., 41, 863-870, 1963.
106. Woods, M. T., and E. A. Okal, Rayleigh-wave dispersion along the Hawaiian Swell: A test of lithosphere thinning by thermal rejuvenation at a hotspot, Geophys. J. Int., 125, 325-339, 1996.
107. Xu, Y., M. A. Menzies, P. Vroon, J.-C. Mercier, and C. Lin, Texture-temperature-geochemistry relationships in the upper mantle as revealed from spinel xenoliths from Wangqing, NE China, J. Petrol., 39, 469-493, 1998.
108. Yang, H. J., F. A. Frey, J. M. Rhodes, and M. O. Garcia, Evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Inferences from lava compositions recovered in the Hawaii scientific drilling project, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 11,747-11,767, 1996.
109. Zhang, J., and C. Herzberg, Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1 from 5.0 to 22.5 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 17,729-17,742, 1994.
110. Zhang, Y.-S., and T. Tanimoto, High-resolution global upper mantle structure and plate tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9793-9824, 1993.
111. Zindler, A., H. Staudigel, and R. Batiza, Isotope and trace element geochemistry of young Pacific seamounts: Implications for the scale of upper mantle heterogeneity, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 70, 175-195, 1984.