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Six lines were selected to cover a range of sperm displacement values, which were based on previous assays (6, 8). The selected lines were B3-09 (Beltsville, MD), 83-225 (Beltsville), D2-1 (Davis, CA), D2-29 (Davis), D2-55 (Davis), and NC3-107 (Raleigh, NC) and were coded as 1 to 6, respectively, in this study. The Beltsville lines were provided by B. Charlesworth, the Davis lines were extracted by D. Begun in summer 1995, and the Raleigh line was provided by T. Mackay.
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14
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84984487306
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D males en masse for 2 hours. Females were then aspirated into individual shell vials (vial 1), where they were allowed to oviposit for 2 days. Each of the six female lines was divided into six groups, with each group getting one of the six extracted lines of males for the second mating. Then, two or three males of the same extracted line were placed in each vial for the second mating and left overnight. Second males were then removed, and females were transferred by aspiration to vial 2. After 4 days, females were transferred again without anesthesia to vial 3, and 1 week later, females were discarded. All three vials were scored for eye-color phenotype (wild versus brown) on the 17th day after oviposition began. The fraction of all progeny in vials 2 and 3 that were sired by the second male is denoted by the statistic P2 [E. Boorman and G. E. Parker, Ecol. Entomol. 1, 145 (1976)].
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note
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D males. The sperm displacement was scored as the fraction of wild-type progeny, which corresponds to the fraction of offspring sired by the first male (P1).
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16
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note
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Multiple mating by males in the vial 2 was tested with a Lobe strain. In no case (0 out of 121 trials) did a female accept more than one male in the overnight trial, given that she had already mated with the first male. The entire experiment was repeated at the Pennsylvania State University, the University of Texas at Austin, and the University of California at Davis.
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We thank C. Langley for insightful discussion and J. Canale, A. Civetta, M. Dermitzakis, J. P. Masly, B. Todd, B. Wagstaff, B. West, and P. Whitley for assistance in scoring flies. This work was supported by an NSF grant to A.G.C. and an NIH grant to D.J.B.
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We thank C. Langley for insightful discussion and J. Canale, A. Civetta, M. Dermitzakis, J. P. Masly, B. Todd, B. Wagstaff, B. West, and P. Whitley for assistance in scoring flies. This work was supported by an NSF grant to A.G.C. and an NIH grant to D.J.B.
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