-
2
-
-
0038858481
-
-
S. Hand and M. Archer, Eds. Angus and Robertson, Sydney
-
P. Vickers-Rich, in The Antipodean Ark: Creatures from Prehistoric Australia, S. Hand and M. Archer, Eds. (Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1987), pp. 48-50.
-
(1987)
The Antipodean Ark: Creatures from Prehistoric Australia
, pp. 48-50
-
-
Vickers-Rich, P.1
-
3
-
-
0345162993
-
-
note
-
14C ages between 28,000 and 40,000 yr B. P. were not directly on megafaunal remains, and either the association of the megafauna with the dated level remains debated or there are uncertainties in the source of the actual carbon that was dated, leaving the timing of extinction unresolved.
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
0015822002
-
-
_, Nature 246, 278 (1973).
-
(1973)
Nature
, vol.246
, pp. 278
-
-
-
9
-
-
0025247461
-
-
A. S. Brooks et al., Science 248, 60 (1990).
-
(1990)
Science
, vol.248
, pp. 60
-
-
Brooks, A.S.1
-
10
-
-
0027128920
-
-
G. H. Miller, P. B. Beaumont, A. J. T. Jull, B. J. Johnson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 337, 149 (1992).
-
(1992)
Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B
, vol.337
, pp. 149
-
-
Miller, G.H.1
Beaumont, P.B.2
Jull, A.J.T.3
Johnson, B.J.4
-
11
-
-
0345162991
-
-
note
-
Epimerization rates exhibit systematic offsets between taxa as a result of differences in the amino acid sequences in the protein each bird uses. D/L ratios measured in Dromaius and Genyornis eggshells from the same stratigraphic horizon indicate that isoleucine epimerizes 1.18 times faster in Dromaius; Dromaius D/L ratios have been adjusted by this amount to allow plots comparing the two taxa (Figs. 3 and 4) on a common scale.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
0344300482
-
-
note
-
Dromaius and Genyornis apparently nested in similar habitats; eggshells of both taxa are commonly found at the same stratigraphic level in many eolian deposits, although Genyornis is usually the dominant taxon. Both are occasionally found as crushed whole or partial eggs, more often as concentrations of eggshell fragments. Eggshells of the two genera can be readily distinguished by characteristic macro-and micro-structures (44).
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
0344300479
-
-
note
-
The Genyornis analyzed from MG come from 185 different sites, from LF 28 sites, and from DM 17 sites. Dromaius from MG were collected from 198 sites, from LF 30 sites, and from DM 36 sites.
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
0344732690
-
-
note
-
Climate data are mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation calculated with programs described by McMahon et al. (27).
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
0344732689
-
-
note
-
14C dates). However, when citing specific dates, we leave these in radiocarbon years because most are at or beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating, for which there is no generally accepted terminology or calibration curve. All luminescence and U-series dates are given in calendar years; the U-series dates have 2σ uncertainties of about 2%, whereas the luminescence dates have 1σ uncertainties of 10 to 15%.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
0345162985
-
-
note
-
232Th activity ratios > 30.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
0345162984
-
-
14C, TIMS U-series, and OSL data is available at www.sciencemag.org/ feature/data/985798.shl.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0344300478
-
-
thesis, Australian National University, Canberra
-
J. W. Magee, thesis, Australian National University, Canberra (1997).
-
(1997)
-
-
Magee, J.W.1
-
21
-
-
0345162983
-
-
Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra
-
J. P. McMahon, M. F. Hutchinson, H. A. Nix, K. D. Ord, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra (1995).
-
(1995)
-
-
McMahon, J.P.1
Hutchinson, M.F.2
Nix, H.A.3
Ord, K.D.4
-
22
-
-
0344732686
-
-
note
-
232Th activity ratios of these samples are below our preferred threshold, the reproducibility between many samples from a single level with large differences in U concentrations suggests that the ages are reliable.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
0028870933
-
-
J. W. Magee, J. M. Bowler, G. H. Miller, D. L. G. Williams, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 113, 3 (1995).
-
(1995)
Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
, vol.113
, pp. 3
-
-
Magee, J.W.1
Bowler, J.M.2
Miller, G.H.3
Williams, D.L.G.4
-
29
-
-
0032575086
-
-
R. G. Roberts et al., Nature 393, 358 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.393
, pp. 358
-
-
Roberts, R.G.1
-
30
-
-
0019758809
-
-
A. M. Gill, R. A. Groves, I. R. Noble, Eds. Australia Academy of Science, Canberra
-
G. Singh, A. P. Kershaw, R. Clark, in Fire and Australian Biota, A. M. Gill, R. A. Groves, I. R. Noble, Eds. (Australia Academy of Science, Canberra, 1981), pp. 23-54.
-
(1981)
Fire and Australian Biota
, pp. 23-54
-
-
Singh, G.1
Kershaw, A.P.2
Clark, R.3
-
32
-
-
0021620220
-
-
P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein, Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson
-
M. M. Trotter and B. McCulloch, in Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution, P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1984), pp. 708-727.
-
(1984)
Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution
, pp. 708-727
-
-
Trotter, M.M.1
McCulloch, B.2
-
37
-
-
0344732684
-
-
thesis, University of Colorado
-
B. J. Johnson, thesis, University of Colorado (1995).
-
(1995)
-
-
Johnson, B.J.1
-
41
-
-
0040636682
-
-
T. W. J. Stafford, P. E. Hare, L. Currie, A. J. T. Jull, D. Donahue, J. Archaeol. Sci. 189, 35 (1991).
-
(1991)
J. Archaeol. Sci.
, vol.189
, pp. 35
-
-
Stafford, T.W.J.1
Hare, P.E.2
Currie, L.3
Jull, A.J.T.4
Donahue, D.5
-
42
-
-
0040043403
-
-
Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Australian National University, Canberra
-
A. Baynes, in Taphonomy Symposium 95, Canberra, 28-29 April 1995 (Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Australian National University, Canberra, 1995), pp. 12-14.
-
(1995)
Taphonomy Symposium 95, Canberra, 28-29 April 1995
, vol.95
, pp. 12-14
-
-
Baynes, A.1
-
43
-
-
0022217643
-
-
J. I. Mead and D. J. Meltzer, Eds. University of Maine Center for the Study of Early Man., Orono
-
D. J. Meltzer and J. I. Mead, in Environments and Extinctions: Man in Late Glacial North America, J. I. Mead and D. J. Meltzer, Eds. (University of Maine Center for the Study of Early Man., Orono, 1985), pp. 145-173.
-
(1985)
Environments and Extinctions: Man in Late Glacial North America
, pp. 145-173
-
-
Meltzer, D.J.1
Mead, J.I.2
-
44
-
-
0040043402
-
-
P. V. Rich, J. M. Monaghan, R. F. Baird, T. H. Rich, Eds. Pioneer Design Studio, Lilydale, Victoria, Australia
-
D. L. G. Williams and P. V. Rich, in Vertebrate Paleontology of Australasia, P. V. Rich, J. M. Monaghan, R. F. Baird, T. H. Rich, Eds. (Pioneer Design Studio, Lilydale, Victoria, Australia, 1992), pp. 871-891.
-
(1992)
Vertebrate Paleontology of Australasia
, pp. 871-891
-
-
Williams, D.L.G.1
Rich, P.V.2
-
46
-
-
0344300452
-
-
note
-
Supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences (G.H.M., B.J.J., and M.L.F.), the Australian National University (J.W.M., M.T.M., L.K.A., and G.H.M.), and the University of Colorado Faculty Fellowship Program (G.H.M.). We thank J. Bowler for initiating our study of the Lake Eyre Basin; A. Baynes, J. Chappell, A. Chivas, P. Clark, P. DeDekker, T. Flannery, P. Latz, P. Murray, M. Smith, and S. Webb for discussions; C. Hart for lab assistance; G. Atkin, O. Miller, and M. Miller for field assistance; and the station owners and aboriginal community leaders in our field areas for land access and logistical assistance.
-
-
-
|