메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 124, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 177-184

The vegetative spread of Pteridium aquilinum in a hemiboreal forest - Invasion or revegetation?

Author keywords

Pine forest; Pteridium aquilinum; Regeneration failure; Vegetative spread

Indexed keywords

CANOPY; CLEARCUTTING; FERN; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; REVEGETATION; VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION;

EID: 0033530805     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00056-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0000463009 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe
    • Ahti T., Hämet-Ahti L., Jalas J. Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5:1968;169-211.
    • (1968) Ann. Bot. Fenn. , vol.5 , pp. 169-211
    • Ahti, T.1    Hämet-Ahti, L.2    Jalas, J.3
  • 2
    • 0024923760 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and altitudinal variation in Pteridium aquilinum (L.): Frond and stand types
    • Atkinson T.P. Seasonal and altitudinal variation in Pteridium aquilinum (L.): frond and stand types. New Phytol. 113:1989;359-365.
    • (1989) New Phytol. , vol.113 , pp. 359-365
    • Atkinson, T.P.1
  • 3
    • 0002200380 scopus 로고
    • Forestry and bracken
    • Biggin, P., 1982. Forestry and bracken. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 81B, 19-27.
    • (1982) Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. , vol.81 B , pp. 19-27
    • Biggin, P.1
  • 4
    • 0026277981 scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest soils and vegetation in Sögne, Southern Norway, during a 20-year period
    • Björnstad O.N. Changes in forest soils and vegetation in Sögne, Southern Norway, during a 20-year period. Holarc. Ecol. 14:1991;234-244.
    • (1991) Holarc. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 234-244
    • Björnstad, O.N.1
  • 5
    • 0002792504 scopus 로고
    • Bracken as a colonist
    • Braid K.W. Bracken as a colonist. Scott. J. Agric. 17:1934;59-70.
    • (1934) Scott. J. Agric. , vol.17 , pp. 59-70
    • Braid, K.W.1
  • 6
    • 0026299666 scopus 로고
    • Growth, biomass, and productivity of a bracken (Pteridium esculentum) infested pasture in Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand
    • Bray J.R. Growth, biomass, and productivity of a bracken (Pteridium esculentum) infested pasture in Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 29:1991;169-176.
    • (1991) N. Z. J. Bot. , vol.29 , pp. 169-176
    • Bray, J.R.1
  • 7
    • 0028976664 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: Charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada
    • Clark J.S., Royall P.D. Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. Holocene. 5:1995;1-9.
    • (1995) Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 1-9
    • Clark, J.S.1    Royall, P.D.2
  • 8
    • 0023470282 scopus 로고
    • Fire and the forest history of the North Cascade Range
    • Cwynar L.C. Fire and the forest history of the North Cascade Range. Ecology. 68:1987;791-802.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 791-802
    • Cwynar, L.C.1
  • 9
    • 84983978231 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the growth of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. (bracken) 1. Regeneration of rhizome segments
    • Daniels R.E. Studies in the growth of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. (bracken) 1. Regeneration of rhizome segments. Weed Res. 25:1985;381-388.
    • (1985) Weed Res. , vol.25 , pp. 381-388
    • Daniels, R.E.1
  • 10
    • 84983921472 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the growth of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. (bracken) 2. Effects of shading and nutrient application
    • Daniels R.E. Studies in the growth of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. (bracken) 2. Effects of shading and nutrient application. Weed Res. 26:1986;121-126.
    • (1986) Weed Res. , vol.26 , pp. 121-126
    • Daniels, R.E.1
  • 11
    • 77954385733 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of morphogenesis in a dorsiventral fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.
    • Dasanayake M.D. Aspects of morphogenesis in a dorsiventral fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Ann. Bot. N.S. 24:1960;317-329.
    • (1960) Ann. Bot. N.S. , vol.24 , pp. 317-329
    • Dasanayake, M.D.1
  • 12
    • 0028192872 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in phytotoxicity of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn)
    • Dolling A., Zackrisson O., Nilsson M.-C. Seasonal variation in phytotoxicity of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn). J. Chem. Ecol. 20:1994;3163-3172.
    • (1994) J. Chem. Ecol. , vol.20 , pp. 3163-3172
    • Dolling, A.1    Zackrisson, O.2    Nilsson, M.-C.3
  • 13
    • 0030588353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) seedling establishment
    • Dolling, A., 1996a. Interference of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) seedling establishment. For. Ecol. Manage. 88, pp. 227-235.
    • (1996) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.88 , pp. 227-235
    • Dolling, A.1
  • 14
    • 0030303608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) growth and phytotoxicity following treatments with lime, sulphuric acid, wood ash, glyphosate and ammonium nitrate
    • Dolling, A., 1996b. Changes in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) growth and phytotoxicity following treatments with lime, sulphuric acid, wood ash, glyphosate and ammonium nitrate. Weed Res. 36, 293-301.
    • (1996) Weed Res. , vol.36 , pp. 293-301
    • Dolling, A.1
  • 15
    • 0345099103 scopus 로고
    • Några skogs- och lundväxters känslighet för natriumklorat
    • Domeij Å. Några skogs- och lundväxters känslighet för natriumklorat. Medd. Skogsforskn. Inst. 37:1948;1-16.
    • (1948) Medd. Skogsforskn. Inst. , vol.37 , pp. 1-16
    • Domeij, Å.1
  • 16
    • 0003132605 scopus 로고
    • Botanical survey of an experimental catchment, Taita, New Zealand
    • Druce A.P. Botanical survey of an experimental catchment, Taita, New Zealand. New Zealand DSIR Bull. 124:1957;1-81.
    • (1957) New Zealand DSIR Bull. , vol.124 , pp. 1-81
    • Druce, A.P.1
  • 17
    • 0029473624 scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in flora and vegetation in deciduous forests of southern Sweden
    • Falkengren-Grerup U. Long-term changes in flora and vegetation in deciduous forests of southern Sweden. Ecol. Bull. 44:1995;215-226.
    • (1995) Ecol. Bull. , vol.44 , pp. 215-226
    • Falkengren-Grerup, U.1
  • 18
    • 0028183547 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pocket gophers, bracken fern, and western coneflower on survival and growth of planted conifers
    • Ferguson D.E., Adams D.L. Effects of pocket gophers, bracken fern, and western coneflower on survival and growth of planted conifers. Northwest Science. 68:1994;241-249.
    • (1994) Northwest Science , vol.68 , pp. 241-249
    • Ferguson, D.E.1    Adams, D.L.2
  • 20
    • 0005534271 scopus 로고
    • Förhistoriska kalendrar och forntida skogsbränder
    • Skrifter om skogs- och lantbrukshistoria 7. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Göransson, H., 1995. Förhistoriska kalendrar och forntida skogsbränder. In Svedjebruk och röjningsbränning i Norden - terminologi, datering, metoder. Skrifter om skogs- och lantbrukshistoria 7. Nordiska Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 64-89.
    • (1995) In Svedjebruk Och Röjningsbränning I Norden - Terminologi, Datering, Metoder , pp. 64-89
    • Göransson, H.1
  • 22
    • 0345530636 scopus 로고
    • The transport of carbohydrates in Australian bracken
    • Hamilton S., Canny M.J. The transport of carbohydrates in Australian bracken. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 13:1961;479-485.
    • (1961) Aust. J. Biol. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 479-485
    • Hamilton, S.1    Canny, M.J.2
  • 24
    • 0021060007 scopus 로고
    • Raised nutrient levels change heathland into grassland
    • Heil G.W., Diemont W.H. Raised nutrient levels change heathland into grassland. Vegetatio. 53:1983;113-120.
    • (1983) Vegetatio , vol.53 , pp. 113-120
    • Heil, G.W.1    Diemont, W.H.2
  • 26
    • 0344668301 scopus 로고
    • On the vegetation of four Durham coal-measure fells. I. General description of the area and its vegetation
    • Jeffreys H. On the vegetation of four Durham coal-measure fells. I. General description of the area and its vegetation. J. Ecol. 4:1916;174-195.
    • (1916) J. Ecol. , vol.4 , pp. 174-195
    • Jeffreys, H.1
  • 27
    • 0001043146 scopus 로고
    • Scots pine regeneration in a new forest inclosure
    • Jones E.W. Scots pine regeneration in a new forest inclosure. Forestry. 21:1947;151-178.
    • (1947) Forestry , vol.21 , pp. 151-178
    • Jones, E.W.1
  • 28
    • 0345530609 scopus 로고
    • Austral bracken (Pteridium esculentum) - its biology, control and competitiveness in Southern Australia
    • Karjalainen U. Austral bracken (Pteridium esculentum) - its biology, control and competitiveness in Southern Australia. Aust. For. 52:1989;30-36.
    • (1989) Aust. For. , vol.52 , pp. 30-36
    • Karjalainen, U.1
  • 29
    • 0345530608 scopus 로고
    • Bracken fern control for radiata pine plantations in South Australia
    • Karjalainen U., Boomsma D. Bracken fern control for radiata pine plantations in South Australia. Aust. For. 52:1989;37-44.
    • (1989) Aust. For. , vol.52 , pp. 37-44
    • Karjalainen, U.1    Boomsma, D.2
  • 30
    • 0023480254 scopus 로고
    • Forest dynamics and regeneration mosaic shifts in unexploited beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands at fontainebleau (France)
    • Koop H., Hilgen P. Forest dynamics and regeneration mosaic shifts in unexploited beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands at fontainebleau (France). For. Ecol. Manage. 20:1987;135-150.
    • (1987) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.20 , pp. 135-150
    • Koop, H.1    Hilgen, P.2
  • 31
    • 0028551598 scopus 로고
    • The use of mineral magnetic analyses in identifying middle and late Holocene agriculture - A study of peat profiles in Småland, Southern Sweden
    • Lagerås P., Sandgren P. The use of mineral magnetic analyses in identifying middle and late Holocene agriculture - a study of peat profiles in Småland, Southern Sweden. J. Arch. Sci. 21:1994;687-697.
    • (1994) J. Arch. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 687-697
    • Lagerås, P.1    Sandgren, P.2
  • 32
    • 0028160233 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance of some broad-leaved and coniferous forestry tree species to herbicides with potential for bracken control
    • Lawrie J., Clay D.V. Tolerance of some broad-leaved and coniferous forestry tree species to herbicides with potential for bracken control. Forestry. 67:1994;237-244.
    • (1994) Forestry , vol.67 , pp. 237-244
    • Lawrie, J.1    Clay, D.V.2
  • 33
    • 0006393627 scopus 로고
    • A method for studying growth and development of bracken using micro-plots, to aid control strategies
    • Lawrie J., West T.M., Truman M.L. A method for studying growth and development of bracken using micro-plots, to aid control strategies. Aspects Appl. Biol. 29:1992;443-450.
    • (1992) Aspects Appl. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 443-450
    • Lawrie, J.1    West, T.M.2    Truman, M.L.3
  • 34
    • 0028979558 scopus 로고
    • Holocene vegetation, climate and history of raised bog complex, northern New Zealand based on palynology, plant macrofossils and tephrochronology
    • Newnham R.M., Lange P.J., Lowe D.J. Holocene vegetation, climate and history of raised bog complex, northern New Zealand based on palynology, plant macrofossils and tephrochronology. Holocene. 5:1995;267-282.
    • (1995) Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 267-282
    • Newnham, R.M.1    Lange, P.J.2    Lowe, D.J.3
  • 35
    • 77954383017 scopus 로고
    • The morphology and growth of Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum (Forst.) Kuhn
    • O'Brien T.P. The morphology and growth of Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum (Forst.) Kuhn. Ann. Bot. N.S. 27:1963;253-267.
    • (1963) Ann. Bot. N.S. , vol.27 , pp. 253-267
    • O'Brien, T.P.1
  • 36
    • 0002288105 scopus 로고
    • Sporal regeneration of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.) in Finland in the light of the dimensions and the age of its clones
    • Oinonen, E., 1967a. Sporal regeneration of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.) in Finland in the light of the dimensions and the age of its clones. Acta For. Fenn. 83(1), 1-96.
    • (1967) Acta For. Fenn. , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-96
    • Oinonen, E.1
  • 37
    • 0002288107 scopus 로고
    • The correlation between the size of Finnish bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.) clones and certain periods of site history
    • Oinonen, E., 1967b. The correlation between the size of Finnish bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.) clones and certain periods of site history. Acta For. Fenn. 83(2), 1-51.
    • (1967) Acta For. Fenn. , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-51
    • Oinonen, E.1
  • 38
    • 0028994409 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the occurrence and abundance of plant species in a Norwegian boreal coniferous forest, 1988-1993
    • Ökland R.H. Changes in the occurrence and abundance of plant species in a Norwegian boreal coniferous forest, 1988-1993. Nord. J. Bot. 15:1995;415-438.
    • (1995) Nord. J. Bot. , vol.15 , pp. 415-438
    • Ökland, R.H.1
  • 39
    • 0007959547 scopus 로고
    • The history and spread of bracken in Britain
    • Page, C.N., 1982. The history and spread of bracken in Britain. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 81B, 3-10.
    • (1982) Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. , vol.81 B , pp. 3-10
    • Page, C.N.1
  • 40
    • 0028177014 scopus 로고
    • A model of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) growth and the effects of control strategies and changing climate
    • Pakeman R.J., Marrs R.H., Jacob P.J. A model of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) growth and the effects of control strategies and changing climate. J. Appl. Ecol. 31:1994;145-154.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.31 , pp. 145-154
    • Pakeman, R.J.1    Marrs, R.H.2    Jacob, P.J.3
  • 41
    • 0001641878 scopus 로고
    • Dynamik och konstans i Gotlands flora och vegetation
    • Pettersson B. Dynamik och konstans i Gotlands flora och vegetation. Acta Phytogeo. Suec. 40:1958;1-288.
    • (1958) Acta Phytogeo. Suec. , vol.40 , pp. 1-288
    • Pettersson, B.1
  • 42
    • 0344236870 scopus 로고
    • The influence of bracken fern on establishment of spruce and fir seedlings
    • Place, I.C.M., 1953. The influence of bracken fern on establishment of spruce and fir seedlings. Silv. Leafl. For. Br. Can. No. 70.
    • (1953) Silv. Leafl. For. Br. Can. , vol.70
    • Place, I.C.M.1
  • 43
    • 0345099079 scopus 로고
    • The potential of using a geographical information system to model the spread of bracken
    • In: Smith, Richard Thornton, Taylor, James A. (Eds.), Bracken: An Environmental Issue. University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The International Bracken Group, Aberystwyth, U.K.
    • Scott, J.A., 1995. The potential of using a geographical information system to model the spread of bracken. In: Smith, Richard Thornton, Taylor, James A. (Eds.), Bracken: An Environmental Issue. Contributions to an International Conference, 18-21 July 1994, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The International Bracken Group, Aberystwyth, U.K. pp. 55-58.
    • (1995) Contributions to An International Conference, 18-21 July 1994 , pp. 55-58
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 44
    • 0345530606 scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic behaviour of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) in moorland habitats: Origins and constraints
    • The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited, Carnforth, U.K.
    • Smith, R.T., 1986. Opportunistic behaviour of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) in moorland habitats: Origins and constraints. In Bracken: Ecology, land use and control technology. The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited, Carnforth, U.K. pp. 215-224.
    • (1986) In Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology , pp. 215-224
    • Smith, R.T.1
  • 46
    • 0022251244 scopus 로고
    • Bracken encroachment rates in Britain
    • Taylor J.A. Bracken encroachment rates in Britain. Soil use Manage. 1:1985;53-56.
    • (1985) Soil Use Manage. , vol.1 , pp. 53-56
    • Taylor, J.A.1
  • 47
    • 0345099080 scopus 로고
    • Timescales of environmental change
    • The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth
    • Taylor, J.A., 1987. Timescales of environmental change. The Registry, The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
    • (1987) The Registry
    • Taylor, J.A.1
  • 48
    • 0345530605 scopus 로고
    • Bracken in the environment
    • Taylor J.A. Bracken in the environment. Aspects Appl. Biol. 17:1988;75-86.
    • (1988) Aspects Appl. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 75-86
    • Taylor, J.A.1
  • 49
    • 0008803873 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the distribution, abundance and economic status of bracken (Pteridium esculentum) in New South Wales
    • The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited, Carnforth, U.K.
    • Thomson, J.A., Willoughby, C., Shearer, C.M., 1986. Factors affecting the distribution, abundance and economic status of bracken (Pteridium esculentum) in New South Wales. In Bracken: Ecology, land use and control technology. The Parthenon Publishing Group Limited, Carnforth, U.K. pp. 109-119.
    • (1986) In Bracken: Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology , pp. 109-119
    • Thomson, J.A.1    Willoughby, C.2    Shearer, C.M.3
  • 50
    • 0028161945 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of bracken in forested areas in Victoria in response to season, overstorey and fire conditions
    • Tolhurst K.G., Burgman M. Simulation of bracken in forested areas in Victoria in response to season, overstorey and fire conditions. Aust. J. Ecol. 19:1994;306-318.
    • (1994) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 306-318
    • Tolhurst, K.G.1    Burgman, M.2
  • 51
    • 84979321991 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). I. The rhizome
    • Watt A.S. Contribution to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). I. The rhizome. New Phytol. 39:1940;401-422.
    • (1940) New Phytol. , vol.39 , pp. 401-422
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 52
    • 0005661945 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). IV. The structure of the community
    • Watt A.S. Contributions to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). IV. The structure of the community. New Phytol. 46:1947;97-121.
    • (1947) New Phytol. , vol.46 , pp. 97-121
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 53
    • 84979313518 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). V. Bracken and frost
    • Watt A.S. Contributions to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). V. Bracken and frost. New Phytol. 49:1950;308-327.
    • (1950) New Phytol. , vol.49 , pp. 308-327
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 54
    • 84981576428 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). VIII. The marginal and the hinterland plant: A study in senescence
    • Watt A.S. Contributions to the ecology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). VIII. The marginal and the hinterland plant: A study in senescence. New Phytol. 70:1971;967-986.
    • (1971) New Phytol. , vol.70 , pp. 967-986
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 55
    • 0000745085 scopus 로고
    • The ecological status of bracken
    • Watt A.S. The ecological status of bracken. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 73:1976;217-239.
    • (1976) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 217-239
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 56
    • 0343344296 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis in Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. - General morphology and growth habit
    • Webster B.D., Steves T.A. Morphogenesis in Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. - General morphology and growth habit. Phytomorphology. 8:1958;30-41.
    • (1958) Phytomorphology , vol.8 , pp. 30-41
    • Webster, B.D.1    Steves, T.A.2
  • 57
    • 0345099076 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and physiological behaviour of bracken at advancing fronts: Implications for control
    • In: Smith, Richard Thornton, Taylor, James A. (Ed.), Bracken: An Environmental Issue. University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The International Bracken Group, Aberystwyth, U.K.
    • Whitehead, S.J., Digby, J., 1995. Morphological and physiological behaviour of bracken at advancing fronts: Implications for control. In: Smith, Richard Thornton, Taylor, James A. (Ed.), Bracken: An Environmental Issue. Contributions to an International Conference, 18-21 July 1994, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The International Bracken Group, Aberystwyth, U.K. pp. 33-37.
    • (1995) Contributions to An International Conference, 18-21 July 1994 , pp. 33-37
    • Whitehead, S.J.1    Digby, J.2
  • 58
    • 0030869257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn) in the North York Moors - A comparison of the mature stand and the interface with heather (Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull), 1. The fronds
    • Whitehead, S.J., Digby, J., 1997a. The morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn) in the North York Moors - a comparison of the mature stand and the interface with heather (Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull), 1. The fronds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 131, 103-116.
    • (1997) Ann. Appl. Biol. , vol.131 , pp. 103-116
    • Whitehead, S.J.1    Digby, J.2
  • 59
    • 0030800494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn) in the North York Moors - A comparison of the mature stand and the interface with heather (Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull), 2. The rhizome
    • Whitehead, S.J., Digby, J., 1997b. The morphology of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn) in the North York Moors - a comparison of the mature stand and the interface with heather (Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull), 2. The rhizome. Ann. Appl. Biol. 131, 117-131.
    • (1997) Ann. Appl. Biol. , vol.131 , pp. 117-131
    • Whitehead, S.J.1    Digby, J.2
  • 60
    • 0344236864 scopus 로고
    • 2 and mineral nutrient availability
    • In: Smith, Richard Thornton, Taylor, James A. (Ed.), Bracken: An Environmental Issue. University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The International Bracken Group, Aberystwyth, U.K.
    • 2 and mineral nutrient availability. In: Smith, Richard Thornton, Taylor, James A. (Ed.), Bracken: An Environmental Issue. Contributions to an International Conference, 18-21 July 1994, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. The International Bracken Group, Aberystwyth, U.K. pp. 73-76.
    • (1995) Contributions to An International Conference, 18-21 July 1994 , pp. 73-76
    • Whitehead, S.J.1    Caporn, S.J.M.2    Press, M.C.3
  • 61
    • 0001851073 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the carbohydrate content of bracken
    • Williams G.H., Foley A. Seasonal variation in the carbohydrate content of bracken. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 73:1976;87-93.
    • (1976) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 87-93
    • Williams, G.H.1    Foley, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.