The present status of electroconvulsive therapy: A systematic review

Medical Journal of Australia

Volumn 171, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 250-254

  Wijeratne, Chanaka ^a   Halliday, Graeme S ^b   Lyndon, Robert W ^c  

^a ST GEORGE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b CENTRAL SYDNEY AREA HEALTH SERVICE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ANESTHESIA; DEPRESSION; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; ELECTRODE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HUMAN; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; RELAPSE; REVIEW;

EID: 0033530110     PISSN: 0025729X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123632.x     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Endler NS. The origins of electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 1988; 4: 5-23.
2. Hay PJ, Sachdev PS. The present status of psychosurgery in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust 1992; 157: 17-19.
3. National Health and Medical Research Council Quality of Care and Health Outcomes Committee. Guidelines for the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines. Canberra: NHMRC/AGPS, 1995. (ISBN 0644 356766.)
4. The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disablity from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Murray CJL, Lopez AD, editors. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard School of Public Health, 1996.
5. Harris EC, Barraclough B. Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 173: 11-53.
6. Folkerts HW, Michael N, Tolle R. Electroconvulsive therapy vs paroxetine in treatment resistant depression - a randomised study. Acta Psychiat Scand 1997; 96: 334-342.
7. Mukherjee S, Sackeim HA, Lee C. Unilateral ECT in the treatment of manic episodes. Convuls Ther 1988; 4: 74-80.
8. Small JG, Klapper MH, Kellams JJ, et al. Electroconvulsive treatments compared with lithium in the management of manic states. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 727-732.
9. Abraham KR, Kulhara P. The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. A comparative study. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 151: 152-155.
10. Sackain HA, Prudic J, Devanand DP, et al. Effects of stimulus and electrode placement of the efficacy of cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 839-846.
11. Abrams R, Swartz CM, Vedak C. Antidepressant effects of high-dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48: 746-748.
12. Geretsegger C, Rochowanski E, Kartnig C, Unterrainer A. Propofol and methohexital as anesthetic agents for electroconvulsive therapy: a comparison of seizure-quality measures and vital signs. J ECT 1998; 14: 28-35.
13. Malsch E, Gratz D, Mani S, et al. Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy after propofol and methohexital anesthesia. Convuls Ther 1994; 10: 212-219.
14. Nguyen TT, Chhibber AK, Lustik SJ, et al. Effect of methohexitoine and propofol with or without alfentanil on seizure duration and recovery in electroconvulsive therapy. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 801-803.
15. Shapira B, Tubi N, Drexler H, et al. Cost and benefit in the choice of ECT schedule. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 172: 44-48.
16. Lauritzen L, Odgaard K, Clemmesen L. Relapse prevention by means of paroxetine in ECT-treated patients with major depression: a comparison with imipramine and placebo in medium-term continuation therapy. Acta Psychiat Scand 1996; 94: 241-251.
17. Janicak PG, Davis JM, Preskorn SH, Ayd FJ. Principles and practice of psychopharmacotherapy, 2nd ed. Treatment with ECT and other somatic therapies. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1997: 293-319.
18. The Cochrane Collaboration Reviewers' Handbook 1994. Section VI: Preparing and maintaining systematic reviews. Oxford: Cochrane Collaboration, 1994: 1-75.
19. Weiner RD, Rogers HJ, Davidson JRT, et al. Effects of stimulus parameters on cognitive side-effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1986; 462: 315-325.
20. Ottosson J-O, editor. Experimental studies of the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 1960; 35 (Suppl 145): 1-141.
21. Kendell, RE. The present status of electroconvulsive therapy. Br J Psychiatry 1981; 139, 265-283.
22. Bagadia VN, Abhyankar R, Pradhan PV, et al. Reevaluation of ECT in schizophrenia: right temporoparietal vs bitemporal electrode placement. Convuls Ther 1988; 4: 215-220.
23. Coffey CE, Lucke J, Weiner RD, et al. Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy: I: Initial seizure threshold. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 713-720.
24. Sackeim HA, Dacina P, Prohovnik I, et al. Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 44: 355-360.
25. Coffey CE, Lucke J, Weiner RD, et al. Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy II. The anticonvulsant effect of ECT. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 777-788.
26. Sackeim HA, Decina P, Kanzler M, et al. Effects of electrode placement on the efficacy of titrated, low-dose ECT. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1449-1455.
27. Nobler MS, Sackeim HA, Solomou M, et al. EEG manifestations during ECT: effects of electrode placement and stimulus intensity. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 34: 321-330.
28. Krystal CD, Weiner RD, Coffey CE. The ictal EEG as a marker of adequate stimulus intensity with unilateral ECT. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1995; 7: 295-303.
29. Krystal AD, Weiner RD, Gasser TD, et al. The relative ability of three ictal EEG frequency bands to differentiate ECT seizures on the basis of electrode placement, stimulus intensity and therapeutic response. Convuls Ther 1996; 12: 13-24.
30. Krystal AD. The clinical utility of ictal EEG seizure adequacy models. Psychiat Ann 1998; 28: 30-35.
31. Bouckoms AJ, Welch CA, Drop L, et al. Atropine in electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 1989; 5: 48-55.
32. Swartz C. Anesthesia for ECT. Convuls Ther 1993; 9: 301-316.
33. Swartz C. Propofol anesthesia in ECT. Convuls Ther 1992; 8: 262-266.
34. Konarzewski WH, Milosavljevic D, Robinson M, et al. Suxamethonium dosage in electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesthesia 1988; 65: 474-476.
35. Alexopoulos GS, Shamoian CJ, Lucas J, et al. Medical problems of geriatric psychiatric patients and younger controls during electroconvulsive therapy. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984; 32: 651-654.
36. Abrams R. The mortality rate with ECT. Convuls Ther 1997; 13: 125-127.
37. Calev A, Nigal D, Shapira B, et al. Early and long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy and depression on memory and other cognitive disturbances. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991; 179: 526-533.
38. Wilkinson AM, Anderson DN, Peters S. Age and the effects of ECT. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1993; 8: 401-406.
39. McAllister DA, Perri MG, Jordan MC, et al. Effects of ECT given two vs three times weekly. Psychiatry Res 1987; 21: 63-69.
40. Sackeim HA, Freeman J, McElhiney M, et al. Effects of major depression on estimates of intelligence. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992; 14: 268-288.
41. Sobin C, Sackeim HA, Prudic J, et al. Predictors of retrograde amnesia following ECT. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 995-1001.
42. Williams KM, Iacono WG, Remick RA, et al. Dichotic perception and memory following electroconvulsive treatment for depression. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157: 366-372.
43. Devanand DP, Dwork AJ, Hutchinson ER, et al. Does ECT alter brain structure? Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 957-970.
44. Sackeim HA, Prudic J, Devanand J, et al. The impact of medication resistance and continuation pharmacotherapy on relapse following response to electroconvulsive therapy in major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10: 96-104.
45. Shapira B, Gorfine M, Lerer B. A prospective study of lithium continuation therapy in depressed patients who have responded to electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 1995; 11: 80-85.
46. Clarke TB, Coffey CE, Hoffman GW, Weiner RD. Continuation therapy for depression using outpatient electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 1989; 5: 330-337.
47. McDonald WM, Phillips VL, Figiel GS, et al. Cost-effective maintenance treatment of resistant geriatric depression. Psychiatr Ann 1998; 28: 47-52.
48. Hickie I, Mason C, Parker G, et al. Prediction of ECT response: validation of a refined signbased (CORE) system for defining melancholia. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 169: 68-74.
49. Parker G, Roy K, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, et al. Psychotic (delusional) depression: a meta-analysis of physical treatments. J Affect Disord 1992; 24: 17-24.
50. Prudic J, Sackeim HA. Electroconvulsive therapy and suicide risk. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 (Suppl 2): 104-110.
51. Sobin C, Prudic J, Devanand DP, et al. Who responds to electroconvulsive therapy? A comparison of effective and ineffective forms of treatment. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 169: 322-328.
52. Olfson M, Marcus S, Sackeim HA, et al. Use of ECT for the inpatient treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 22-29.
53. Hickie I, Scott E, Mitchell P, et al. Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging: clinical correlates and prognostic significance in patients with severe depression. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 151-160.
54. Brodaty H. Melancholia and the ageing brain. In: Parker G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, editors. Melancholia. A disorder of movement and mood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996: 237-251.
55. Walter G, Rey J. An epidemiological study of the use of ECT in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 809-815.
56. Rey JM, Walter G. Half a century of ECT use in young people. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 54: 595-602.
57. O'Dea JFJ, Mitchell PB, Hickie IB. Unilateral or bilateral electroconvulsive therapy for depression? Med J Aust 1991; 155: 9-11.
58. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Electroconvulsive therapy. Melbourne: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 1999. (Clinical Memorandum No. 12.)
59. Austin M, Ross M, Murray RE, et al. Cognitive function in major depression. J Affect Disord 1992; 25: 21-30.
60. Halliday G, Johnson G. Training to administer electroconvulsive therapy: a survey of attitudes and experiences. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1995; 29: 133-138.
61. Klapheke M. Privileging for ECT. Convuls Ther 1995; 11: 57-58.