Proximate and distal variables in the demography of Rendille pastoralists

Human Ecology

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 517-536

  Roth, Eric Abella ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Demography; East Africa; Fertility; Pastoralists

Indexed keywords

DEMOGRAPHIC TREND; FERTILITY; PASTORALISM;

KENYA;

EID: 0033507390     PISSN: 03007839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1018787826307     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Beaman, A. (1981). The Rendille Age-Set in Ethnographic Context: Adaptation and Integration in a Nomadic Society. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston.
2. Bledsoe, C., and Camara, F. (1997). Numerators and denominators in the study of high fertility populations: Past and potential contributions from cultural anthropology. In Jones, G., Douglas, R., Caldwell, J., and D'Souza, M. (eds.), The Continuing Demographic Transition. Clarendon, Oxford, pp. 246-287.
3. Bledsoe, C., and Hill, A. (1994). Social norms, natural fertility and the resumption of postpartum 'contact' in the Gambia. Paper presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Conference, Barcelona, 10-14 November.
4. Bledsoe, C., and Hill, A. (1998). Social norms, natural fertility and the resumption of postpartum 'contact' in the Gambia. In Basu, A., and Aaby, P. (eds.), The Methods and Uses of Anthropological Demography. Clarendon, Oxford, pp. 268-298.
5. Bledsoe, C., and Pison, G. (eds.). (1994). Nuptuality in sub-Saharan Africa: Contemporary Demographic and Anthropological Perspectives. Clarendon, Oxford.
6. Boehm, C. (1996). Emergency decisions, cultural-selection mechanics and group selection. Current Anthropology 37: 763-793.
7. Bongaarts, J. (1978). A framework for analysing the proximate fertility variables. Population and Development Review 4: 105-132.
8. Bongaarts, J. (1982) .The impact of fertility on traditional and changing child-spacing patterns. In Lesthaeghe, R., and Page, H. (eds.), Child-Spacing in Tropical Africa: Tradition and Change. Academic Press, New York, pp. 111-132.
9. Cohen, B., and Trussell, J. (1996). Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
10. Cronk, L. (1995). Is there a role for culture in human behavioural ecology? Ethology and Sociobiology 16: 181-205.
11. Dahl, G., and Hjort, A. (1976). Having Herds: Pastoral Herd Growth and Household Economy. Stockholm University Studies in Social Anthropology, Stockholm University Press, Stockholm.
12. Davis, K., and Blake, J. (1956). Social structure and fertility: An analytic framework. Economic Development and Cultural Change 4: 105-132.
13. Dorjahn, V. (1986). Temne fertility: Rural continuity, urban change, rural-urban differences and public policy problems. In Handwerker, W. (ed.), Culture and Reproduction. West-view, Boulder, Co, pp. 321-349.
14. Douglas, M. (1966). Population control in primitive groups. British Journal of Sociology 17: 263-273.
15. Falkenstein, M. (1995). Concepts of ethnicity and inter-ethnic migration among the Ariaal of Kenya. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie 120: 1-26.
16. Food and Agriculture Organization. (1967). FAO Production Yearbook 1967. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
17. Foote, K., Hill, K., and Martin, L. (1993). Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
18. Fratkin, E. (1991). Surviving Drought and Development: Ariaal Rendil le Pastoralists of Northern Kenya. Westview, Boulder, CO.
19. Fratkin, E. (1998). Ariaal Pastoralists of Kenya: Surviving Drought and Development in Africa's Arid Lands. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
20. Goody, J. (1976). Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
21. Grandin, B. (1983). The importance of wealth effects on pastoral production: A rapid method for wealth ranking. In International Livestock Centre for Africa (ed.), Pastoral Systems Research in sub-Saharan Africa. International Livestock Centre for Africa, Nairobi, pp. 237-256.
22. Greenhalgh, S. (1995). Situating Fertility: Anthropology and Demographic Inquiry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
23. Hammel, E. (1990). A theory of culture for demography. Population and Development Review 16: 85-106.
24. Handwerker, W. (1986). Culture and Reproduction: An Anthropological Critique of Demographic Transition Theory. Westview Press, Boulder.
25. Harris, M., and Ross, E. (1987). Death, Sex and Fertility: Population Regulation in Preindu strial and Developing Societies. Columbia University Press, New York.
26. Hill, A. (1997). Truth lies in the eye of the beholder. The nature of evidence in demography and anthropology. In Kertzer, D., and Fricke, T. (eds.), Anthropological Demography: Toward a New Synthesis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 223-247.
27. Holy, L., and Stuchlik, M. (1983). Actions, Norms and Representations: Foundations of Anthropological Inquiry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
28. Kertzer, D. (1997). The proper role of culture in demographic explanation. In Jones, G., Douglas, R., Caldwell, J., and D'Souza, M. (eds.), The Continuing Demographic Transition. Clarendon, Oxford, pp. 137-157.
29. Kertzer, D., and Fricke, T. (1997). Anthropological Demography: Toward a New Synthesis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
30. Kreager, P. (1982). Demography in situ. Population and Development Review 8: 237-266.
31. Krebs, J. R., and Davies, N. B. (1987). Behavioral Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, 2nd ed. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
32. Lee, R. (1979). The Kung San: Men and Women in a Foraging Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
33. Lesthaeghe, R. (1989). Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley.
34. Lockwood, M. (1995). Structure and behaviour in the social demography of Africa. Population and Development Review 1: 21-32.
35. Low, B., Clarke, A., and Lockridge, K. (1992). Towards an ecological demography. Population and Development Review 18: 1-32.
36. Mace, R. (1996). When to have another baby: A dynamic model of reproductive decision-making and evidence from Gabbra pastoralists. Ethology and Sociobiology 17: 263-273.
37. Mayr, E. (1961). Cause and effect in biology. Science 134: 1501-1506.
38. Moran, E. (1979). Human Adaptation: An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Duxbury, North Sciute, MA.
39. Nathan, M., Fratkin, E., and Roth, E. (1996). Sedentism and child health among Rendille pastoralists of northern Kenya. Social Science and Medicine 43: 503-515.
40. Randall, S. (1996). Whose reality? Local perceptions of fertility versus demographic analysis. Population Studies 50: 221-234.
41. Rappaport, R. (1984). Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinean People, enlarged ed. Yale University Press, New Haven.
42. Ross, P., Etkin, N., and Mauzzumu, I. (1991). The greater risks of fewer deaths: An ethnodemographic approach to child mortality in Hausaland. Africa 61: 502-511.
43. Roth, E. (1993). A re-examination of Rendille population regulation. American Anthropologist 95: 597-611.
44. Roth, E. (1994). Demographic systems: Two East African examples. In Fratkin, E., Galvin, K., and Roth, E. (eds.), African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, pp. 133-146.
45. Sato, S. (1980). Pastoral movements and the subsistence unit of the Rendille of Northern Kenya. Senri Ethnological Series 6: 1-78.
46. Sato, S. (1997). The Rendille and adaptive strategies of East African pastoralists. In Kurimoto, E., and Simonse, S. (eds.), Conflict, Age and Power in North East Africa. John Currey, London, pp. 206-226.
47. Saucier, J-F. (1972). Correlates of the long post-part urn taboo: A cross-cultural study. Current Anthropology 13: 239-249.
48. Smith, E., and Winterhalder, B. (1992). Human Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology. Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY.
49. Sobania, N. (1980). The Historical Tradition of the Peoples of the Eastern Lake Turkana Basin, c 1840-1925. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London.
50. Sobania, N. (1988). Pastoralists, migration and colonial policy: A case study from northern Kenya. In Anderson, D., and Johnson, D. (eds.), The Ecology of Survival. Lester Crook, London, pp. 173-192.
51. Sober, E., and Wilson, D. (1997). Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
52. Soltis, J., Boyd, R., and Richerson, P. (1995). Can group-functional behaviors evolve by cultural group selection? Current Anthropology 36: 473-494.
53. Spencer, P. (1973). Nomads in Alliance: Symbiosis and Growth among the Rendille and Samburu of Kenya. Oxford University Press, London.
54. Tinbergen, N. (1963). On aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20: 410-433.
55. Wilson, D. (1998). Hunting, sharing and multi-level evolution: The tolerated theft model revisited. Current Anthropology 39: 73-98.
56. Wilson, D., and Sober, E. (1994). Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17: 585-654.
57. Wilson, O., and Sober, E. (1996). Continuing commentary on reintroducing group selection to the human behavioural sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19: 777-787.
58. Wilson, R., Diallo, A., and Wagenaar, K. (1985). Mixed herding and the demographic parameters of domestic animals in arid and semi-arid zones of Tropical Africa. In Hill, A. (ed.), Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel. Kegan-Paul, London, pp. 116-139.
59. Wood, J. (1994). Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, and Demography. Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY.
60. Wrigley, E. (1978). Fertility strategy for the individual and group. In Tilly, C. (ed.), Historical Studies of Changing Fertility. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 135-154.
61. Wynne-Edwards, V. (1962). Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behavior. Hafner, New York.