The natural enemy complex associated with pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), in north central Colorado

Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 131-133

  Cooper, Dayna D ^a   Cranshaw, Whitney S ^b  

^a Colorado State University ^*  (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENDOPARASITE; LEAF; NATURAL ENEMY; PEST SPECIES;

UNITED STATES;

CHILOCORUS STIGMA; CHIONASPIS PINIFOLIAE; COCCIDOPHILUS ATRONITENS; COCCOBIUS VARICORNIS; COCCOPHAGUS FLAVIFRONS; MARIETTA PULCHELLA; PROSPALTELLA BELLA;

EID: 0033506146     PISSN: 00228567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (10)

1. Burden, D. J., and E. R. Hart. 1990. Parasitoids of Chionaspis pinifoliae (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Iowa. Great Lakes Entomol. 91:93-97.
2. Burden, D. J., and E. R. Hart. 1993. Parasitoids associated with Chionaspis pinifoliae and Chionaspis heterophyllae (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in North America. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 66:383-391.
3. Cumming, E. 1953. Notes on the life history and seasonal development of the pine needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Diaspididae: Homoptera). Can. Entomol. 85:347-352.
4. Deboo, R. F., and J. A. Weidhaas, Jr. 1976. Plantation Research: XIV. Studies on the predation of pine needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), by the coccinellid Chilocorus stigma (Say). Report 200-10-119. Chemical Control Research Institute. CFS Dept. of the Environ. Ontario. 27 pp.
5. Drea, J. J., and R. D. Gordon. 1990. Predators. pp. 19-30. In World Crop Pests: Armored Scale Insects; Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control Vol 4b. ed. D. Rosen. Elsevier Publishing. New York.
6. Gordon, R. D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Coleopura) of America North of Mexico. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 93:46-47.
7. Luck, R. F., and D. L. Dahlsten. 1974. Bionomics of the pine needle scale. Chionaspis pinifoliae, and its natural enemies at South Lake Tahoe, California. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 67:309-315.
8. Luck, R. F., and D. L. Dahlsten. 1975. Natural decline of a pine needle scale outbreak at south Lake Tahoe, California following cessation of adult mosquito control with malathion. Ecology 56:893-904.
9. Nielsen, D. G., and N. E., Johnsen. 1973. Contribution to the life history and dynamics of the pine needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae; in central New York. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66:34-43.
10. Shour, M. H. 1986. Life history studies of the pine scale, Chionaspis heterophyllae Cooley, and the pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch). Ph.D. Dissertation. Purdue University. W. Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 270 pp.