Biomass production of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growing on abandoned farmland

Silva Fennica

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 261-280

  Johansson, Tord ^a  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Abandoned farmland; Basic density; Biomass production; LAI; Norway spruce; Picea abies; Thinning

Indexed keywords

ABANDONED LAND; BIOMASS; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; THINNING;

ABIES; GYMNOSPERMAE; PICEA ABIES;

EID: 0033500483     PISSN: 00375330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14214/sf.649     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amilon, J.A. 1925. Barrmassan och stamtillväxten hos mellansvensk tall. (Biomass of needles and the stem growth of Scots pine in middle Sweden (Pinus sylvestris L.). Bonniers, Stockholm. 47 p. (In Swedish).
2. Andersson, E. & Tuimala, A. 1980. Definitoner, mm vid vedundersökningar. (Definitions for wood investigations). The Nordic joint group in Wood Technology, Research Note 4: 53-66. (In Swedish).
3. Attiwill, P.M. & Ovington, J.D. 1968. Determination of forest biomass. Forest Science 14: 13-15.
4. Baskerville, G.L. 1965. Estimation of dry weight of tree components and total standing crop in conifer stands. Ecology 46: 867-869.
5. Bolstad, P.V. & Gower, S.T. 1990. Estimation of leaf area index in fourteen southern Wisconsin forest stands using a portable radiometer. Tree Physiology 7: 115-124.
6. Braekke, F.H. 1986. Distribution on yield of biomass from young Pimus sylvestris and Picea abies stands on drained and fertilized peatland. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1: 49-66.
7. Burger, H. 1939. Der Kronenaufbau gleichhaltiger Nadelholzbestände. Mitteilungen der Schweizerishen Anstalt für das Forstliche Versuchswesen 21(5): 5-57.
8. -1941. Holz, Blattmenge und Zuwachs. V. Fichten und Föhren verschiedener Herkunft auf verschiedenen Kulturorten. Mitteilungen der Schweizerishen Anstalt für das Forstliche Versuchswesen 22: 10-62.
9. Canell, M.G.R. 1982. World forest biomass and primary production data. Academic Press. 391 p.
10. Droste zu Hülstoff, B. von. 1970. Struktur Biomasse und Zuwachs eines älteren Fichtenbestandes. Forstwissenschaftliches Zentralblatt 89: 162-171.
11. Ekström, G. 1926. Klassifikation av svenska åkerjordar. (Classification of Swedish soil types on farmland). Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning. Serie C. Avhandlingar och Uppsatser 345, Årsbok 20. 161 p. (In Swedish).
12. Eriksson, H. 1976. Granens Produktion i Sverige. Summary: Yield of Norway spruce in Sweden. Royal College of Forestry, Department of Forest Yield Research. Research Notes 41. 291 p.
13. Gower, S.T. & Norman, J.M. 1991. Rapid estimation of leaf area index in conifer and broad-leaf plantations. Ecology 72: 1896-1900.
14. -Reich, P.B. & Son, Y. 1993. Canopy dynamics and aboveground production of five tree species with different leaf longevities. Tree Physiology 12: 327-345.
15. Hager, H. & Sterba, H. 1985. Specific leaf area and needle weight of Norway spruce (Picea abies) of different densities. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 389-392.
16. Hakkila, P. 1966. Investigations on the basic density of Finnish pine, spruce and birch wood. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 61(5). 94 p.
17. -1971. Coniferous branches as a rawmaterial source. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 75(1). 60 p.
18. -1972. Mechanized harvesting of stumps and roots. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 77(1). 71 p.
19. -. 1979. Wood density survey and dry weight tables for pine, spruce and birch stems in Finland. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 96(3). 59 p.
20. -& Uusvaara, O. 1968. On the basic density of plantation-grown Norway spruce. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 66(6). 22 p.
21. Harvald, C. 1989. Nåletraeernes tekniske egenskaber. Del 3. En vedteknologisk undersøgelse af konstruktionstræ af sitkagran fra Lounkær skovdistrikt. (A study of wood factors for Sitka spruce used for constructional wood material from Lounkær forest district). Skovbrugsinstituttet. Den Kgl. Veterinær-og Landbohøjskole, Fredriksborg. Copenhagen. 60 p. (In Danish).
22. Horntvedt, R. 1983. Seasonal variations in dry weight, chlorophyll and soluble carbohydrate content of Norway spruce needles (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Reports of Norwegian Forest Research Institute 38(2): 1-14.
23. Johansson, K. 1993. Influence of initial spacing and tree class on the basic density of Picea abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 8: 18-27.
24. Johansson, T. 1986. Canopy density in stands of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris after different thinning methods. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1: 483-492.
25. -1990. Irradiance in young stands of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L. and the possibilities to prevent suckers of broad-leaved trees. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 5: 225-241.
26. -1996a. Site index curves for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) planted on abandoned farm land. New Forests 11: 9-29.
27. -1996b. Site index curves for European aspen (Populus tremula L.) growing on forest land of different soil types. Silva Fennica 30(4): 437-458.
28. -1999. Biomass equations for determining fractions of pendula and pubescent birches growing on abandoned farmland and some practical implications. Biomass & Bioenergy 16: 223-238.
29. -& Karlsson, K. 1988. Produktion hos 30-årig gran planterad på åkermark i södra och mellersta Sverige, samt anvisningar för plantering av gran på åkermark. Summary: Yield of 30-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) planted on farm land in southern and central Sweden, and recommendations for planting Norway spruces on farm land. SLU, Department of Forest Yield Research. Report 21. 37 p.
30. Jokela, E., van Gurp, K.P., Briggs, R.D. & White, E.H. 1986. Biomass estimation equations for Norway spruce in New York. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 413-415.
31. Kerner, H., Gross, E. & Koch, W. 1977. Structure of the assimilation system of a dominating spruce tree (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) of closed stands: computation of needle surface area by means of variable geometric needle model. Flora 166: 449-459.
32. Kestemont, P. 1975. Biomasse, nécromasse et productivité aéviennes ligueuses de quelques peuplements forestiers de Belgique. Faculty of Sciences, Free University of Brussels. Thesis.
33. Klem, G.G. 1952. Planteavstandens virkning på granvirkets kvalitet. Summary: The influence of spacing on spruce quality. Reports of the Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Report 11: 474-498.
34. Korner, C.H. 1991. Some often overlooked plant characteristics as determinants of plant growth: a reconsideration. Funtional Ecology 5: 162-173.
35. Madsen, T.L., Moltesen, P. & Olesen, P.O. 1978. Tyndingsstyrkens inflydelse på rødgranens rumtæthed, tørstofproduktion, grentykkelse og grenmængde. Summary: The influence of thinning degree on basic density production of dry matter, branch thickness and number of branches of Norway spruce. Del Forstlige Forsøksvæesen i Danmark 36(2): 184-203.
36. Madgewick, H.A.I. 1970. Biomass and productivity models of forest canopies. In: Reichle, D.E. (ed.). Ecological studies Vol. I, Analysis of temperate forest ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, London-Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 47-54.
37. Madgewick, H.A.I. 1973.Above-ground weight of forest plots - comparison of seven methods of estimation. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 13: 100-107.
38. Mälkönen, E. 1973. Effect of complete tree utilization on the nutrient reserves of forest soils. IUFRO, S4.01 Mensuration, Growth and Yield. Working Party on the Mensuration of the Forest Biomass. College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of Maine at Ontario, p. 377-386.
39. Marklund, L.G. 1987. Biomass functions for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Sweden. SLU, Department of Forest Survey, 43. 127 p.
40. Nihlgård, B. 1972. Plant biomass, primary production and distribution of chemical elements in a beech and a planted spruce forest in South Sweden. OIKOS 23(1): 69-81.
41. Norén, A. 1996. Wood and pulp characteristics of juvenile Picea abies (L.) Karst. grown on agricultural and forest land. SLU, Department of Forest Yield Research, Report 40. 29 p. Dissertation.
42. Norman, J.M & Jarvis, P.G. 1975. Photosynthesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong. Carr.) V. Radiation penetration theory and a test case. Journal of Applied Ecology 12: 839-878.
43. Oker-Blom, P. & Kellomäki, S. 1982. Theoretical computations on the role of crown shape in the absorption of light by forest trees. Mathematical Biosciences 59: 291-311.
44. -& Smolander, H. 1988. The ratio of shoot silhouette area to total needle area in Scots pine. Forest Science 34: 894-906.
45. Oksbjerg, E. 1971. Tørstoffproduktion og variationi årlig tillvækst for rød-, sitka-og douglasgran i Midtjylland. (Dry weight and variation of annual growth for Norway and Sitka spruce and Douglas fir growing in Midtjylland). Dansk Skovforenings Tidskrift 56: 178-194. In Danish.
46. Olesen, P.O. 1973. The influence of the compass disposition on basic density of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and its importance for sampling for estimating the genetic value of plus trees. Forest Tree Improvement, Arboretet, Hørsholm 6. Akademisk Forlag, Copenhagen. 58 p.
47. Ovington, J.D. & Madgewick, H.A.I. 1959. The growth and composition of natural stands of birch. I. Dry matter production. Plant and Soil 10: 271-283.
48. Pardé, J. 1980. Forest biomass. Forestry Abstracts. Review article 41(8): 343-362.
49. Richards, F.J. 1959. A flexible growth function for empirical use. Journal of Experimental Botany 10: 290-300.
50. Riederer, M., Kurbasik, K., Steinbrecher, R & Voss, A. 1988. Surface areas, lengths and volumes of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Needles: determination, biological variability and effect of environmental factors. Trees 2 : 165-172.
51. Satoo, T. 1971. Materials for the studies of growth in stands. VIII. Primary production relations in plantations of Norway spruce in Japan. Bulletin Tokyo University Forestry 65: 124-142.
52. Skogsstatistisk årsbok 1998. Summary: Statistical yearbook of forestry 1998. Official statistics of Sweden. National Board of Forestry, p. 191-197.
53. Tamm, C.O. 1969. Site damages by thinning due to removal of organic material and plant nutrients. IUFRO Meeting 1969, Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, p. 175-179.
54. Wilhelmsen, G. & Vestgjordet, E. 1974. Preliminary dry wood weight tables for merchantable stems and stands of Norway spruce in Norway. Reports of the Norwegian Forest Institute 31(5): 183-240.
55. Young, H.E. (ed.). 1973. IUFRO biomass studies. IUFRO, S4.01 Mensuration, Growth and Yield. Working Party on the Mensuration of the Forest Biomass. College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of Maine at Ontario. 531 p.