Algorithm application to improve weather radar snowfall estimates for winter hydrologic modelling

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 13, Issue 18, 1999, Pages 3017-3039

  Fassnacht, S R ^a   Soulis, E D ^a   Kouwen, N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Hydrologic modelling; Precipitation gauges; Snow; Weather radar; Winter hydrology

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HYDROLOGY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RADAR IMAGING; RUNOFF; STREAM FLOW; WEATHER FORECASTING;

SOFTWARE PACKAGE CLASS; SOFTWARE PACKAGE WATFLOOD; WATER BUDGETING; WINTER HYDROLOGY;

SNOW;

ALGORITHM; HYDROLOGICAL MODELING; RADAR; RAINGAUGE; SNOW ACCUMULATION; WEATHER FORECASTING;

CANADA;

EID: 0033499819     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991230)13:18<3017::AID-HYP13>3.0.CO;2-K     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (37)

1. Auer AH Jr. 1974. The rain versus snow threshold temperatures. Weatherwise, 27: 67.
2. Brandes EA. 1975. Optimizing rainfall estimates with the aid of radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 14: 1339-1345.
3. Bussieres N, Hogg W. 1989. The objective analysis of daily rainfall by distance weighting schemes on a mesoscale grid. Atmosphere-Ocean, 27: 521-541.
4. Cole JA, Wade C, Rasmussen RM. 1998. Evaluation of precipitation gauges and wind shielding for the measurement of real-time liquid-equivalent snowfall. Presentation at the 55th Eastern Snow Conference, Jackson, New Hampshire, 3-5 June 1998.
5. Crozier CL, Joe PI, Scott JW, Herscotvitch HN, Nichols TR. 1991. The King City operational Doppler radar: development, all season applications and forecasting. Atmosphere-Ocean, 29: 479-516.
6. Environment Canada. 1997. 1996 HYDAT Hydrometric Data CD-ROM. Water Survey of Canada: Ottawa, Canada.
7. Environment Canada. 1998. CMC Climate and Water Information: Canadian Climate Station Catalogue. URL: hltp:// wwwl.tor.ec.gc.ca/csc/query.asp, Climate and Water Information, Canadian Meteorological Centre, Atmospheric Environment Service: Downsview, Ontario, Canada.
8. Fassnacht SR, Soulis ED, Snelgrove KR, Kouwen N. 1998a. Application of weather radar to model the snow hydrology of southern Ontario. In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Jackson, New Hampshire, 115-123.
9. Fassnacht SR, Soulis ED, Snelgrove KR, Kouwen N. 1998b. Hydrologic modelling of the snowpack in southern Ontario. Presentation at the 55th Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Jackson, New Hampshire, 3-5 June 1998.
10. Finnerty BD, Smith MB, Seso DJ, Koren V, Moglen GE. 1997. Space-time scale sensitivity of the Sacramento model to radar-gage precipitation inputs. Journal of Hydrology, 203: 21-38.
11. Fujiyoshi Y, Endoh T, Yamada T, Tsuboki K, Tachibana Y, Wakahama G. 1990. Determination of a Z-R relationship for snowfall using a radar and high sensitivity snow gauges. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 29: 147-152.
12. Goodison BE. 1978. Accuracy of Canadian snow gauge measurements. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 17: 1542-1548.
13. Goodison BE, Metcalfe JR. 1992. The WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison: Canadian Assessment. In WMO Technical Conference on Instruments and Methods of Observation. WMO/TD No. 462: 221-225.
14. Goodison BE, Louie PYT, Yang D. 1998. WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison Final Report. WMO Instruments and Observing Methods Report No. 67, WMO/TD No. 872.
15. Houck RE, Waldstreicher J, Hassett JM, Blottman PF. 1995. Preliminary investigation of WSD-88D data for winter hydrometeorological events in upstate New York. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Toronto, Ontario; 39-50.
16. Kouwen N, Garland G. 1989. Resolution considerations in using radar rainfall data for flood forecasting. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 16: 279-289.
17. Kouwen N, Soulis ED, Pietroniro A, Donald JR, Harrington RA. 1993. Grouped response units for distributed hydrologic modelling. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 119: 289-305.
18. Lautensach H, Bogel R. 1956. Der Jahrsgang des mittleren geographischem Hohengradienten der Lufttemperatur in den verschiedenen Klimagebieten der Erde. Erdkunde, 10: 270-282.
19. Marsh P. 1990. Snow hydrology. In Northern Hydrology: Canadian Perspectives, Prowse TD, Ommanney CSL (eds), National Hydrology Research Institute: Saskatoon, Canada; 37-61.
20. Marshall JS, Palmer WM. 1948. The distribution of raindrops with size. Journal of Meteorology, 5: 165-166.
21. Matrosov SY. 1998. A dual-wavelength radar method to measure snowfall rate. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 5: 165-166.
22. Mould B. 1985. Powerline. In New Day Rising. SST Records: Lawndale, CA.
23. Ohtake T, Henmi T. 1970. Radar reflectivity of aggregated snowflakes. In preprints of the 14th Radar Meteorology Conference, American Society of Meteorology; 209-210.
24. Ono A. 1970. Growth mode of ice crystals in natural clouds. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 27: 649-658.
25. Richards WG, Crozier CL. 1983. Precipitation measurement with a C-band weather radar in southern Ontario. Atmosphere-Ocean, 21: 125-137.
26. Rohrer MD. 1989. Determination of the transition air temperature from snow to rain and intensity of precipitation. In IAMS/WMO/ ETH International Workshop of Precipitation Measurement, Sevruk B (ed), St. Moritz: Switzerland; 475-482.
27. Ryzhkov AV, Zrnic DS. 1998. Discrimination between rain and snow with a polarimetric radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 37: 1228-1240.
28. Seglenieks FR, Soulis ED, Snelgrove KR, Kouwen N, Fassnacht SR, Graham AK, Lee M, Solomon SI. 1997. Integrated hydrologic modelling for MAGS. Presentation at the 3rd Mackenzie GEWEX Study Workshop. Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, 17-19 November 1997.
29. Sekhon RS, Srivastava RC. 1970. Snow-size spectra and radar reflectance. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 27: 299-307.
30. Soulis ED, Snelgrove KR, Kouwen N, Seglenieks FR, Verseghy DL. 1999. Toward closing the vertical water balance in Canadian atmospheric models: coupling of the land surface scheme CLASS with the distributed hydrological model WATFLOOD. Atmosphere-Ocean, (in press).
31. Tabios GQ III, Salas JD. 1985. A comparative analysis of techniques for spatial interpolation of precipitation. Water Resources Bulletin, 21: 365-380.
32. Tao T, Kouwen N. 1989. Remote sensing and fully distributed modelling for flood forecasting. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 115: 809-823.
33. Thiessen AH. 1911. Precipitation averages for large areas. Monthly Weather Review, 39: 1082-1084.
34. US Army Corps of Engineers. 1956. Snow Hydrology: Summary Report of the Snow Investigations. North Pacific Division, Portland, Oregon, 437pp.
35. Versreghy DL. 1991. CLASS - A Canadian Land Surface Scheme for GCMs. I. Soil model. International Journal of Climatology 11: 111-133.
36. Yang D, Metcalfe JR, Goodison BE, Mekis E. 1993. True snowfall: An evaluation of the Double Fence Intercomparison Reference gauge. In Proceedings of the 50th Eastern Snow Conference, 105-111.
37. Yang Z-L, Dickinson RE, Shaikh M, Gao X, Bales RC, Sorooshian S, Jin JM. 1998. Simulation of snow mass and extent in global climate models. Presentation at the International Conference on Snow Hydrology, Brownsville, Vermont, 6-8 October 1998.