Approaches for aggregating heterogeneous surface parameters and fluxes for mesoscale and climate models

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 93, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 313-336

  Hu, Zhenglin ^a   Islam, Shafiqul ^a   Jiang, L E ^a  

^a 705 Engineering Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggregation and disaggregation; Surface fluxes; Surface heterogeneity

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION; BOUNDARY LAYER; SURFACE FLUX;

EID: 0033493713     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1002067506887     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Blyth, E. M., Dolman, A. J., and Wood, N.: 1993, 'Effective Resistance to Sensible and Latent Heat Flux in Heterogeneous Terrain', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 119, 423-442.
2. Bonan, G. B., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L.: 1994, 'Influence of Subgrid-Scale Heterogeneity in Leaf Area Index, Stomatal Resistance, and Soil Moisture on Grid-Scale Land-Atmosphere Interactions', J. Climate 6, 1882-1897.
3. Braden, H.: 1995, 'Energy Fluxes from Heterogeneous Terrain: Averaging Input Parameters of the Penman-Monteith Formula', Agric. For. Meteorol. 75, 121-133.
4. Chehbouni, A., Njoku, E. G., Lhomme, J. P., and Kerr, Y. H.: 1995, 'Approaches for Averaging Surface Parameters and Fluxes over Heterogeneous Terrain', J. Climate 8, 1386-1393.
5. Claussen, M.: 1991, 'Estimating of Areally-Averaged Surface Fluxes', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 54, 387-410.
6. Claussen, M.: 1995a, 'Estimation of Regional Heat and Moisture Fluxes in Homogeneous Terrain with Bluff Roughness Elements', J. Hydrol. 166, 353-369.
7. Claussen, M.: 1995b, 'Flux Aggregation at Large Scales: On the Limits of Validity of the Concept of Blending Height', J. Hydrol. 166, 371-382.
8. Cracknell, A. P. and Hayes, L. W. B.: 1991, Introduction to Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis, New York, 293 pp.
9. Delworth, T. and Manabe, S.: 1993, 'Climate Variability and Land Surface Processes', Adv. Water Resour. 16, 3-20.
10. Dickinson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P. J., and Giorgi, F.: 1993, 'Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) Version le as Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model', Tech. NCAR Note TN387-STR, Natl. Cent, for Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO, 72 pp.
11. Finnigan, J. J. and Raupach, M. R.: 1987, 'Transfer Processes in Plant Canopies in Relation to Stomatal Characteristics', in E. Zeiger, G. D. Farquhar, and I. R. Cowan (eds.), Stomatal Function, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, pp. 385-429.
12. Garratt, J. R. and Prata, A. J.: 1996, 'Surface Radiation Budget: Scaling Up from Local Observations', in J. B. Steward, E. T. Engman, R. A. Feddes, and Y. Kerr (eds.), Scaling Up in Hydrology Using Remote Sensing, Chapter 5, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
13. Grotzner, A., Sausen, R., and Claussen, M.: 1996, The Impact of Sub-Grid Scale Sea-Ice Inhomogeneities on the Performance of the Atmospheric General Circulation Model ECHAM3', Clim. Dyn. 12, 477-496.
14. Hu, Z. and Islam, S.: 1997a, 'Effects of Spatial Variability on the Scaling of Land Surface Parameterizations', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 83, 441-461.
15. Hu, Z. and Islam, S.: 1997b, 'A Framework for Analyzing and Designing Scale Invariant Remote Sensing Algorithms', IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 35(3), 747-755.
16. Hu, Z. and Islam, S.: 1998, 'Effects of Subgrid Scale Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Grid Scale Evaporation and its Parameterization, Int. J. Climatol. 18, 49-63.
17. Koster, R. D. and Suarez, M. J.: 1992, 'A Comparative Analysis of Two Land Surface Heterogeneity Representations', J. Climate 5, 1379-1390.
18. Lhomme, J. P.: 1992, 'Energy Balance of Heterogeneous Terrain: Averaging the Controlling Parameters', Agric. For. Meteorol. 61, 11-21.
19. Lhomme, J. P., Chehbouni, A., and Monteny, B.: 1994, 'Effective Parameters of Surface Energy Balances in Heterogeneous Landscape', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 71, 297-309.
20. Manabe, S.: 1969, 'Climate and the Ocean Circulation, 1. The Atmospheric Circulation and the Hydrology of the Earth's Surface', Mon. Wea. Rev. 97, 937-805.
21. Mason, P. J.: 1988, 'The Formation of Areally-Averaged Roughness Lengths', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 144, 399-420.
22. McNaughton, K. G.: 1994, 'Effective Stomatal and Boundary-Layer Resistances of Heterogeneous Surface', Plant Cell Environ. 17, 1061-1068.
23. Raupach, M. R.: 1991, 'Vegetation-Atmosphere Interaction in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Terrain: Some Implications of Mixed-Layer Dynamics', Vegetatio 91, 105-120.
24. Raupach, M. R.: 1995', 'Vegetation-Atmosphere Interaction and Surface Conductance at Leaf, Canopy and Regional Scales', Agric. For. Meteorol. 73, 151-179.
25. Raupach, M. R. and Finnigan, J. J.: 1995, 'Scale Issues in Boundary-Layer Meteorology: Surface Energy Balances in Heterogeneous Terrain', Hydrol. Processes 9, 589-612.
26. 2 Climate and the Sensitivity of the Modeled Hydrologic Cycle', J. Geophys. Res. 93, 5385-5412.
27. Sellers, P., Randall, D., Collatz, G., Berry, J., Field, C., Dazlich, D., Zhang, C., Collelo, G., and Bounoua, L.: 1996, 'A Revised Land Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMs, Part 1: Model Formulation', J. Climate 9, 676-705.
28. Shuttleworth, W. J.: 1988, 'Macrohydrology: The New Challenges for Process Hydrology', J. Hydrol. 100, 31-56.
29. von Salzen, K., Claussen, M., and Schlunzen, K. H.: 1996, 'Application of the Concept of Blending Height to the Calculation of Surface Fluxes in a Mesoscale Model', Meteorol. Z., N.F. 5, 60-66.
30. Walker, J. and Rowntree, P. R.: 1977, 'The Effect of Soil Moisture on Circulation and Rainfall in a Tropical Model', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 103, 29-46.
31. Wieringa, J.: 1986, 'Roughness Dependent Geographic Interpolation of Surface Wind Speed Average', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 112, 867-889.