The effects of the marine aerosol on infrared propagation over the World Ocean

Oceanologia

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 489-513

  Gathman, Stuart G ^a  

^a SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

EOPACE; Infrared; Marine aerosol; Open ocean; Propagation; Surf

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL PROPERTY; BOUNDARY LAYER; GLOBAL OCEAN; INFRARED RADIATION; MARINE ATMOSPHERE;

EID: 0033493698     PISSN: 00783234     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Battalino T. E., 1998, Air mass characterization for EO propagation assessment, Proc. NATO Res. and Technol. Organ. Symp. 'EO propagation, signature and system performance under adverse meteorological conditions considering out-of-area operations', 16-19 March, Naples, Italy, RTO-MP-1 AC/323(SET)TP/2, paper 17.
2. Blanchard D. C., 1954, Bursting of bubbles at an air-water interface, Nature, 173, p. 1048.
3. Blanchard D. C., 1963, The electrification of the atmosphere by particles from bubbles in the Sea, [in:] Progress in oceanography, M. Sears (ed.), Pergamon Press Book, MacMillan Co., New York, 1, 71-202.
4. Chaen M., 1973, Studies on the production of sea-salt particles on the sea surface, Mem. Fac. Fish., Kogoshima Univ., 22, p. 49.
5. Dave J. V., 1968, Subroutines for computing the parameters of the electromagnetic radiation scattered by a sphere, IBM Rep., 320-3237.
6. Fitzgerald J. W., Hoppel W. A., Gelbard F., 1998a, A one-dimensional sectional model to simulate multicomponent aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer. 1. Model description, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D), 16085-16102.
7. Fitzgerald J. W., Marti J. J., Hoppel W. A., Frick G. M., Gelbard F., 1998b, A one-dimensional sectional model to simulate multicomponent aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer. 2. Model application, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D), 16103-16177.
8. Gathman S. G., 1989, A preliminary description of NOVAM, the Navy Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model, Naval Res. Lab. Rep. 9200, Washington, D.C. 20375-5000.
9. Gathman S. G., 1983, Optical properties of the marine aerosol as predicted by the Navy Aerosol Model, Opt. Eng., 22 (1), p. 57.
10. Gathman S. G., Davidson K. L., 1993, The Navy Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model, NCCOSC Tech. Rep. 1634, RDT & EDIV., San Diego, CA 92152-5001.
11. Gathman S. G., Eijk A. M. J. van, 1998, Electro-optical propagation just above wave tops as predicted by ANAM, the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model, Proc. NATO Res. and Technol. Organ. Symp. 'EO propagation, signature and system performance under adverse meteorological conditions considering out-of-area operations', 16-19 March, Naples, Italy, RTO-MP-1 AC/323(SET)TP/2, paper 21.
12. Gathman S. G., Hoppel W. A., 1970, Surf electrification, J. Geophys. Res., 75 (24), p. 4525.
13. Gathman S. G., Jensen D. R., 1995, Aerosol characteristics in a coastal region (results from MAPTIP), [in:] Atmospheric propagation and remote sensing 4, J. Christopher Dainty (ed.), SPIE Proc., Orlando Florida, 2471, p. 1.
14. Gathman S. G., Jensen D. R., Hooper W. P., James J. E., Gerber H. E., Davidson K., Smith M. H., Consterdine I. E., Leeuw G. de, Kunz G. J., Moorman M. M., 1993, NOVAM evaluation utilizing electro-optics and meteorological data from KEY-90, NCCOSC Tech. Rep. 1608, RDT & E DIV., San Diego, CA 92152-5000.
15. Gathman S. G., Smith M. H., 1997, On the nature of surf generated aerosol and their effect on electro-optical systems, SPIE Proc. 'Propagation and imagining through the atmosphere', 3125, p. 2.
16. Gerber H. E., 1985, Relative-humidity parameterization of the Navy Aerosol Model (NAM), NRL Rep. 8956.
17. Hale G. M., Query M. R., 1973, Optical constants of water in the 200 nm to 200 (micrometre) wavelength region, Appl. Opt., 12, 555-563.
18. Hänel G., 1976, The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air, [in:] Advances in geophysics, H.E. Landsberg & J. Mieghem van, Academic Press, New York, 19, 73-188.
19. Hooper W. P., Martin L. U., 1999, Scanning LIDAR measurements of surf-zone aerosol generation, Opt. Eng., 38 (2), 250-255.
20. Jensen D. R., Leeuw G. de, Eijk A. M. J. van, 1993, Work plan for the Marine Aerosol Poperties and Thermal Imager Performance trial (MAPTIP), NCCOSC Tech. Rep. 2573, RDT & EDIV., San Diego, CA 92152-5000.
21. Jensen D. R., Zeisse C. R., Littfin K. M., Gathman S. G., 1997, EOPACE (Electrooptical Propagation Assessment in Coastal Environments) overview and initial accomplishments, SPIE Proc. 'Propagation and imaging through the atmosphere', 3125, p. 98.
22. Kiser R. E., 1997, The generation and characterization of surf zone aerosols and their impact on naval electro-optical systems, M. Sc thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
23. Kneizys F. X., Shettle E. P., Gallery W. O., Chetwynd J. H., Abreu J. W., Selby J. E. A., Clough S. A., Fenn R. W., 1983, Atmospheric transmittance/radiance: computer code LOWTRAN-6, AFGL-TR-83-0187, Environm. Res. Papers, 846, Air Force Geophys. Lab., Hanscome AFB, Massachusetts, 01731.
24. Leeuw G. de, 1986, Size distributions of giant aerosol particles close above sea level, J. Aerosol Sci., 17, 293-296.
25. Littfin K., Gathman S., Jensen D., Zeisse C., 1998, Analysis of three methods of characterizing an air mass, Proc. NATO Res. and Technol. Organ. Symp. 'EO propagation, signature and system performance under adverse meteorological conditions considering out-of-area operations', 16-19 March, Naples, Italy, RTO-MP-1 AC/323(SET)TP/2, paper 21.
26. Littfin K., Goroch A. K., 1997, Determination of the origin of an air mass using nephelometer measurements and the Navy Aerosol model, SPIE Proc. 'Propagation and imaging through the atmosphere', 3125 (CA), p. 6.
27. Mestayer P. G., Eijk A. M. J. van, Leeuw G. de, Trancant B., 1996, Numerical simulation of the dynamics of sea spray over the waves, J. Geophys. Res., 10, 20771-20797.
28. Monahan E. C., Spiel D. E., Davidson K. L., 1983, A model of marine aerosol generation via whitecaps and wave disruption, [in:] Oceanic whitecaps, E. C. Monahan & G. MacNiocoill (eds.), D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, p. 167.
29. Piazzola J., Eijk A. M J. van, Leeuw G. de, An extension of the Navy Aerosol Model to coastal areas, (in press).
30. Preobrazhenskii L. Yu., 1973, Estimate of the content of spray drops in the near water layer of the atmosphere, Fluid Mech.- Soviet Res., 2, p. 95.
31. Vignati E. 1999, Modelling interactions between aerosols and gaseous compounds, Ph.D. thesis, Copenhagen Univ., Copenhagen.
32. Vrins E., Hofschreuder P., 1983, Sampling total suspended particulate matter, J. Aerosol Sci., 14, 318-322.