Paleomagnetic and palynologic analyses of Albian to Santonian strata at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant, and Khuren Dukh, eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia

Cretaceous Research

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 829-850

  Hicks, J F ^a   Brinkman, D L ^b   Nichols, D J ^c   Watabe, M ^d  

^a Denver Museum Natural History   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^d Hayashibara Mus of Natural Sciences   (Japan)

Author keywords

Bayn Shireh; C34n; Cretaceous Long Normal; Dzun Bayan; Early Cretaceous; Gobi Desert; Khuren Dukh; Late Cretaceous; Magnetostratigraphy; Mongolia; Paleomagnetism; Palynostratigraphy; Shinekhudag

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CRETACEOUS; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; PALEOMAGNETISM;

GOBI DESERT; MONGOLIA;

ALBIA; INVERTEBRATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0033493573     PISSN: 01956671     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/cres.1999.0188     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Andrews R. C. The new conquest of Central Asia. 1932;American Museum of Natural History, New York.
2. Ariunchimeg, Y. 1997, Results of studies of dinosaur eggs, Mongolian Paleontological Center, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.
3. Bakhurina N. H., Unwin D. M. A survey of pterosaurs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Historical Biology. 10:1995;197-245.
4. Barsbold R. Biostratigraphy and fresh-water molluscs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. 1972;Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moscow. p. 1-88.
5. Barsbold R. Mongolian dinosaurs. Currie P. J., Padian K. The encyclopedia of dinosaurs. 1997;447-450 Academic Press, San Diego.
6. Barsbold R., Perle A. The first record of a primitive ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 18:1984;118-120.
7. Barsbold R., Veronin U. I., Zhegallo V. I. The work of the Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition in 1969 - 1970. Paleontological Journal. 5:1971;272-276.
8. Batten D. J. Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous miospores. Jansonius J., McGregor D. C. Palynology: principles and applications. 1996;807-830 American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Dallas.
9. Bratseva G. M., Novodvorskaya I. M. Spores and pollen from Lower Cretaceous deposits of a site Khuren Dukh, MNR (Mongolian People's Republic). Fossil fauna and flora of Mongolia. 1975;. p. 205-209.
10. Brenner G. J. Middle Cretaceous floral provinces and early migrations of angiosperms. Beck C. B. Origin and early evolution of angiosperms. 1976;23-47 Columbia University Press, New York.
11. Burnham D. A., Derstler K. L., Linster C. J. A new specimen of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. Wolberg D. L., Stump E., Rosenberg G. D. Dinofest International. 1997;73-75 Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
12. Cande S. C., Kent D. V. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Journal of Geophysical Research. 100:1995;6093-6095.
13. Chlonova A. F. Fundamental stratigraphic events for the type Cretaceous angiosperm pollen. Volkova V. S., Chlonova A. F. Palynostratigraphy of the Mesozoic and Cainozoic of Siberia. 1985;13-17.
14. Coombs W. P. Jr, Maryanska T. Ankylosauria. Weishampel D. B., Dodson P., Osmolska H. The Dinosauria. 1990;456-483 University of California Press, Berkeley.
15. Currie P. J. Results from the Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30:1993;1997-2272.
16. Currie P. J., Eberth D. A. Paleontology, sedimentology and paleoecology of the Iren Dabasu Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Cretaceous Research. 14:1993;127-144.
17. Dashzeveg D., Novacek M., Norell M., Clark J., Chiappe L., Davidson A., McKenna M., Dingus L., Swisher C., Altangeral P. Extraordinary preservation in a new vertebrate assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Nature. 374:1995;446-449.
18. Dong Z. Hunting dinosaurs in China. Wolberg D. L., Stump E., Rosenberg G. D. Dinofest International. 1997;259-264 Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
19. Doyle J. A., Robbins E. I. Angiosperm pollen zonation of the continental Cretaceous of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and its application to deep wells in the Salisbury Embayment. Palynology. 1:1977;43-78.
20. Eberth D. A. Depositional environments and facies transitions of dinosaur bearing Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu (Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30:1993;2196-2213.
21. Efremov I. A. The paleontological investigations in the Mongolian People's Republic (the preliminary results of the expeditions in 1946, 1947 and 1949). Trudy Mongolskoy Komissii Academiya Nauk SSSR. 59:1954;3-32.
22. Evans D. A., Zhuravlev A. Y., Budney C. J., Kirschvink J. L. Paleomagnetism of the Bayan Gol Formation, western Mongolia. Geological Magazine. 133:1996;487-496.
23. Fastovsky D. E., Badamgarav D., Ishimoto H., Watabe M., Weishampel D. B. The paleoenvironments of Tugrikin-Shireh (Gobi Desert, Mongolia) and aspects of the taphonomy and paleoecology ofProtoceratops (Dinosauria: Ornithischichia). Palaios. 12:1997;59-70.
24. Fisher R. A. Dispersion on a sphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 217:1953;295-305.
25. Gradzinski R. Sedimentation of dinosaur-bearing Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Nemegt Basin, Gobi Desert. Palaeontologica Polonica. 21:1970;147-229.
26. Gradzinski R., Jerzykiewicz T. Additional geographical and geological data from the Polish-Mongolian paleontological expedition. Palaeontologica Polonica. 27:1972;17-30.
27. Gradzinski R., Jerzykiewicz T. Dinosaur and mammal-bearing aeolian and associated deposits of the Upper Cretaceous in the Gobi Desert (Mongolia). Sedimentary Geology. 12:1974;249-278.
28. Gradzinski R., Jerzykiewicz T. Sedimentation of the Barun Goyot Formation. Palaeontologica Polonica. 30:1974;111-146.
29. Gradzinski R., Kazmierczak J., Lefeld J. Geographical and geological data from the Polish-Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions. Palaeontologica Polonica. 19:1968;33-82.
30. Gradzinski R., Kielan-Jaworowska Z., Maryanska T. Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot, and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivision. Acta Geologica Polonica. 27:1977;281-317.
31. Harland W. B., Armstrong R. L., Cox A. V., Craig L. E., Smith A. G., Smith D. G. A geologic time scale 1989. 1990;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
32. Hedlund R. W., Norris G. Spores and pollen grains from Fredericksburgian (Albian) strata, Marshall County, Oklahoma. Pollen et Spores. 10:1968;129-159.
33. Hicks, J. Brinkman, D. 1997, Preliminary paleomagnetic results from the Cretaceous of the eastern Gobi, Mongolia, 12, Mongolian Paleontological Center, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.
34. Hsü K. J. Origin of sedimentary basins of China. Zhu X. Chinese sedimentary basins. 1989;207-227 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
35. Hua R. Early Cretaceous angiospermous pollen from Eren Basin, Nei Mongol. 1991;Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
36. Ivanova E. A., Markova L. G. Palynological character of the Cretaceous deposits. Hauterivian-Barremian; Aptian-Albian. Pollens and spores of the western Siberia. Jurassic-Paleogene. 1981;. p. 282-290.
37. Jerzykiewicz T. Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project Expedition successful in Inner Mongolia. GEOS. 18:1989;1-6.
38. Jerzykiewicz T. Cretaceous vertebrate-bearing strata of the Gobi and Ordos basins - a demise of the Central Asian lacustrine dinosaur habitat. Chang K. H., Park S. O. Environmental and tectonic history of East and South Asia. 1995;233-256.
39. Jerzykiewicz T. Late Cretaceous dinosaurian habitats of western Canada and Central-Asia - a comparison from a geological standpoint. Sahni A. Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleoenvironments. 1996;63-83.
40. Jerzykiewicz T. Okavango Oasis, Kalahari Desert: a contemporary analogue for the Late Cretaceous vertebrate habitat of the Gobi Basin, Mongolia. Geoscience Canada. 25:1998;15-26.
41. Jerzykiewicz T., Russell D. A. Late Mesozoic stratigraphy and vertebrates of the Gobi Basin. Cretaceous Research. 12:1991;345-377.
42. Jerzykiewicz T., Sweet A. R. Sedimentological and palynological evidence of regional climatic changes in the Campanian to Paleocene sediments of the Rocky Mountain Foothills, Canada. Sedimentary Geology. 59:1988;29-76.
43. Jerzykiewicz T., Currie P. J., Eberth D. A., Johnston P. A., Koster E. H., Zheng J.-J. Djadokhta Formation correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: an overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30:1993;2180-2195.
44. Karczewska J., Ziembinska-Tworzydlo M. Age of the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation (Mongolia) on charophytan evidence. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 28:1983;137-146.
45. Kielan-Jaworaska Z., Barsbold R. Narrative of the Polish-Mongolian Expedition 1967-1971. Palaeontologica Polonica. 27:1972;5-13.
46. Kielan-Jaworaska Z., Dovchin N. Narrative of the Polish-Mongolian Expeditions 1963-1965. Palaeontologica Polonica. 19:1968;7-30.
47. Kirschvink J. L. The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data. Royal Astronomical Society, Geophysical Journal. 62:1980;699-718.
48. Kotova I. Z. Age of continental deposits of Gusinoozer basins and specialties of composition of Early Cretaceous flora of Transbaikalia. Izvestiya Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologiya. 8:1964;84-93.
49. Kotova I. Z. On age of coal deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia (Bukachachinskaya Basin). Izvestiya Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologiya. 11:1968;95-103.
50. Kotova I. Z. Palynological basis of age of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of Transbaikalia. Sovetskaya Geologiya. 7:1970;19-30.
51. Kramarenko N. N. On the work of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian paleontological expedition during the years 1969-1972. Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsia, Trudy. 1:1974;9-18.
52. Krassilov V. The fossil plants of Manlay. Kalugina N. S., Barsbold R., Luwsandansan B., Tatarinov L. P., Trofimov B. A., Reshetov V. Yu., Shishkin M. A., Kalugina N. S. Rannemelovoe ozero Manlay, Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsia. Trudy. 13:1980;40-42.
53. Krassilov V. Early Cretaceous flora of Mongolia. Palaeontolographica B. 181:1982;1-43.
54. Krassilov V., Makulbekov N. M. Maastrichtian aquatic plants from Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 29:1995;119-140.
55. Lefeld J. Geology of the Djadokhta Formation at Bayn Dzak (Mongolia). Palaeontologica Polonica. 25:1971;101-127.
56. Li S., Yang S., Jerzykiewicz T. Upper Triassic-Jurassic foreland sequence of the Ordos Basin in China. Dorobek B. L., Ross G. M. Stratigraphic evolution of foreland basins. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Special Publication. 52:1995;23-241.
57. Lillegraven J. A. Stratigraphic placement of the Santonian-Campanian boundary (Upper Cretaceous) in the North American Gulf Coastal Plain and Western Interior, with implications to global geochronology. Cretaceous Research. 12:1991;115-136.
58. Lillegraven J. A., McKenna M. C. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River Basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages" American Museum Novitates. 2840:1986;1-68.
59. Lopatin V. M. Stratigrafia nizhnego mela Shavokhinskoy vpadiny yugo-vostochnoy Mongolii [The stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous of Shavokhta Depression of southeast Mongolia]. Barsbold R., Luwsandansan B., Tatarinov L. P., Trofimov B. A., Reshetov V. Yu., Shishkin M. A., Kalugina N. S. Rannemelovoe ozero Manlay, Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsia. 1980;6-19.
60. Makulbekov N. M., Kurzanov S. M. The biogeographical relationships of the Late Cretaceous biota of Mongolia. Rozanov A. Y., Tatarinov L. P., Luwsandansan B., Afanasheva G. A., Barsbold R., Morosova I. P., Novitskaya L. J., Rasnitsyn A. P., Reshetov V. Yu., Sysoev V. A., Trofimov B. A., Rozanov A. Yu. Problemy paleografii Azii, Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsia. 1986;106-112.
61. Maleev E. A. A new family of armoured dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Doklady Academiya Nauk SSSR. 87:1952;131-134.
62. Maleev E. A. The Upper Cretaceous armoured dinosaurs. Trudy Paleontologicheskaya Institut, Academiya Nauk SSSR. 48:1954;142-170.
63. Maleev E. A. The armoured dinosaurs of Mongolia, Part I. Trudy Paleontologicheskaya Institut, Academiya Nauk SSSR. 62:1956;51-91.
64. Markova L. G. History of development of Early Cretaceous flora of western Siberian lowland (on the basis of palynology). Trudy, Siberian Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources (SNIIGGIMS). 82:1971;1-98.
65. Martinson G. G. To the question about principles of stratigraphy and correlation of Mesozoic continental deposits. Stratigraphy of the Mesozoic deposits of Mongolia, Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, Transactions. 1975;. p. 7-24.
66. Martinson G. G. The Upper Cretaceous mollusks of Mongolia. Nevesskaya L. A., Tatarinov L. P., Luwsandansan B., Barsbold R., Trofimov B. A., Reshetov V. Yu., Nevesskaya L. A. Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsia. Trudy. 17:1982;5-76.
67. Maryanska T., Osmolska H. Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia. Paleontologica Polonica. 33:1975;133-181.
68. Maryanska T., Osmolska H. Cranial anatomy of Saurolophus augustirostris with comments on the Asian Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria). Palaeontologica Polonica. 42:1981;5-24.
69. Matsukawa M., Nagata H., Taketani Y., Khanda Y., Khosbajar P., Badamgarav D., Obata I. Dinosaur bearing Lower Cretaceous deposits in the Choir Basin, S.E. Mongolia - stratigraphy and sedimentary environments. Journal of the Geological Society of the Philippines. 52:1997;99-114.
70. Stratigraphic Code of the USSR. 1988;Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
71. Minzhin C. Mongolian stratigraphic dictionary. 1994;Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of Mongolia, Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Biostratigraphy Sector, Ulaan Baatar.
72. Morris F. K. Central Asia in Cretaceous time. Geological Society of America, Bulletin. 47:1936;1477-1534.
73. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin. 67:1983;841-875.
74. Narmandakh, P. 1997, New genus of turtle from Lower Cretaceous deposit of Mongolia, Batoremys, 10, Mongolian Paleontological Center, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.
75. Nichols, D. J. Watabe, M. Ichinnorov, N. Ariunchimeg, Y. 1997, Preliminary report on palynology of the Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, 16, Mongolian Paleontological Center, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.
76. Nichols, D. J. Watabe, M. Ichinnorov, N. Ariunchimeg, Ya. Preliminary report on the palynology of the Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Dallas.
77. Nichols D. J., Jacobson S. R. Palynostratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous (Albian-Maastrichtian) of the overthrust belt of Utah and Wyoming. Palynology. 6:1982;119-147.
78. Norell M. A. Central Asiatic expeditions. Currie P. J., Padian K. The encyclopedia of dinosaurs. 1997;100-104 Academic Press, San Diego.
79. Norell M. A., Clark J. M., Dashzeveg D., Barsbold R., Chiappe L. M., Davidson A. R., McKenna M. C., Perle A., Novacek M. J. A theropod dinosaur embryo and the affinities of the Flaming Cliff dinosaur eggs. Science. 266:1994;779-782.
80. Norman D. B. On Mongolian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 1. Iguanodon orientalis Rozhdestvensky 1952. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 116:1996;303-315.
81. Norman D. B. On Asian ornithopods (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). 3. A new species of iguanodontid dinosaur. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 122:1998;291-348.
82. Norman D. B., Kurzanov S. M. New ornithopod dinosaurs from Asia and their evolution (abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 17:1997;67A.
83. Novacek M. Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs. 1996;Doubleday, New York.
84. Novacek M. J., Norell M., McKenna M. C., Clark J. Fossils of the Flaming Cliffs. Scientific American. 271:1994;60-69.
85. Novodvorskaya I. M. Taphonomy of locality of Lower Cretaceous vertebrates: Khuren Dukh. Kramarenko N. N., Luwsandansan B., Voronin Yu. I., Barsbold R., Rozhdestvensky A. K., Trofimov B. A., Reshetov V. Yu. Fauna and biostratigraphy of Mesozoic and Cenozoic of Mongolia, Transactions of Soviet and Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition. 1974;305-313 Nauka, Leningrad.
86. Obradovich J. D. A Cretaceous time scale. Caldwell W. G. E., Kauffman E. G. Evolution of the Western Interior Basin. 1993;379-396.
87. Perle A. On the first discovery of Alectrosaurus from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Problems of Mongolian Geology. 3:1977;104-113.
88. Pruner P. Paleomagnetism and paleogeography of Mongolia in the Cretaceous, Permian and Carboniferous - preliminary data. Tectonophysics. 139:1987;155-167.
89. Pruner P. Paleomagnetism and paleogeography of Mongolia from the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous - final report. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 70:1992;169-177.
90. Rozhdestvensky A. K. A new representative of the duck-billed dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (Report of the Academy of Sciences of USSR). 86:1952;405-408.
91. Rozhdestvensky A. K. The study of dinosaurs in Asia. Singh S. N., Singh S. K. Jurij Alexandrovich Orlov Memorial Number. 1977;102-119.
92. Russell D. A., Chamney T. P. Notes on the biostratigraphy of dinosaurian and microfossil faunas in the Edmonton Formation (Cretaceous), Alberta. Natural History Museum of Canada, Natural History Paper. 35:1967;21.
93. Russell D. A., Dong Z. The affinities of a new therapod from the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Currie P. J. Results from the Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project. 1993;2107-2127.
94. Samoilov V. S., Benjamini C. Geochemical features of dinosaur remains from the Gobi Desert, South Mongolia. Palaios. 11:1996;519-531.
95. Shuvalov V. F. On geological structure and age of localities Khobur and Khuren Dukh. Transactions of Joint Soviet and Mongolian Paleontological Expedition. 1:1974;296-304.
96. Shuvalov V. F. Mesozoic stratigraphy of central Mongolia. Martinson G. G., Zaitsev N. S., Luwsandansan B., Menner V. V., Pavlova T. G., Peive A. V., Timofeev P. P., Tumortogoo O., Yanshin A. L. Stratigrafia mezozoiskikh otlozenii Mongolii, Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Nauchno-Issledovatelskaya Geologischeskaya Ekspeditisia. Trudy. 13:1975;50-112.
97. Shuvalov V. F. Paleogeography and history of Mongolian lake systems in Jurassic and Cretaceous. Martinson G. G. Mesozoic lake basins of Mongolia. 1982;18-80 Nauka, Leningrad.
98. Shuvalov V. F. The paleogeography of Mongolian lakes of the Mesozoic. Sevastyanov D. V., Shuvalov V. F., Neustrueva I. Yu. Limnology and paleolimnology of Mongolia. 1994;148-181 Nauka, St. Petersburg.
99. Shuvalov, V. F. Chkhikvadze, V. M. 1979, On stratigraphical and systematical position of some freshwater turtles from new Cretaceous localities in Mongolia, Fauna Mezozoya i Kainozoya Mongolii, Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsia, Tatarinov, L. P.Barsbold, R.Vorobieva, E. I.Luwsandansan, B.Tatarinov, L. P.Trofimov, B. A.Reshetov, V. Yu.Rodendorf, B. B.Shishkin, M. A. Trudy, 8, 58, 76.
100. Singh C. Stratigraphic significance of early angiosperm pollen in the mid-Cretaceous of Alberta. Caldwell W. G. E. The Cretaceous System in the Western Interior of North America. 1975;365-389.
101. Smith A. G., Hurley A. M., Briden J. C. Phanerozoic paleocontinental world maps. 1981;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
102. Sochava A. V. Stratigraphy and lithology of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in southern Mongolia. Martinson G. G. Stratigraphy of Mesozoic sediments of Mongolia, Transactions of Joint Soviet-Mongolian Scientific Research and Geological Expedition. 1975;113-182.
103. Srivastava S. K. Microspores from the Fredericksburg Group (Albian) of the southern United States. Paleobiologie Continentale. 6:1975;1-119.
104. Sun Z., Xie Q., Yang J. Ordos Basin - a typical example of an unstable cratonic interior superimposed basin. Zhu X. Chinese sedimentary basins. 1989;63-75 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
105. Tsogtbataar, K. 1997, Preliminary results of study on Mongolian hadrosaurids, 15, Mongolian Paleontological Center, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.
106. Tumanova T. A. The armoured dinosaurs of Mongolia. Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Transactions. 32:1987;1-80.
107. Vasiliev V. G., Volkhonin V. C., Grishin G. L., Ivanov A. K., Marinov I. A., Mokshancev K. B. Geological structure of the People's Republic of Mongolia (stratigraphy and tectonics). 1959;Gostoptekhizdat, Leningrad.
108. Vincent S. J., Allen M. B. Evolution of the Minle and Chaoshui Basins, China: implications for Mesozoic strike-slip basin formation in Central Asia. Geological Society of America, Bulletin. 111:1999;725-742.
109. Ward J. V. Early Cretaceous angiosperm pollen from the Cheyenne and Kiowa Formations (Albian) of Kansas, U.S.A. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B. 202:1986;1-81.
110. Watabe, M. Ariunchimeg, Y. Brinkman, D. 1997, Dinosaur egg nests and their sedimentary environments in the Bayn Shire locality (Late Cretaceous), eastern Gobi, 11, Mongolian Paleontological Center, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia.
111. Wingate F. H. Plant microfossils from the Denton Shale Member of the Bokchito Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Albian) in southern Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin. 130:1980.
112. Yakushina A. A. On some Cretaceous fresh-water molluscs of South Primoriya. Stratigraphy and paleontology of Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits in Eastern Siberia and Far East. 1964;Nauka, Leningrad. p. 280-293.
113. Yu J., Han X., Wu Y. Cretaceous spore-pollen in Jiangxi Province. Jiangxi Baieji Baozi Huafen. 7:1985;1-200.