Hydraulic conductivity of clays in confined tests under low hydraulic gradients

Canadian Geotechnical Journal

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 815-825

  Dixon, D A ^a   Graham, J ^b   Gray, M N ^c  

^a ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^c ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bentonite; Darcian; Gradient; Hydraulic conductivity; Illite

Indexed keywords

BENTONITE; COMPACTION; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); FLUIDS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; SATURATION (MATERIALS COMPOSITION);

BACK PRESSURING; DEIONIZED FLUID; ILLITE; SALINE PORE FLUID;

CLAY;

BENTONITE; CLAY LINER; CONTAINMENT BARRIER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ILLITE;

EID: 0033490295     PISSN: 00083674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/t99-057     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. AECL. 1994. Environmental impact statement on the concept for disposal of Canada's nuclear fuel waste. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Report AECL-10711, COG 93-1.
2. Barbour, S.L., and Fredlund, D.G. 1989. Mechanisms of osmotic flow and volume change in clay soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 26: 551-562.
3. Dixon, D.A. 1995. Towards an understanding of water structure and water movement through dense clays. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
4. Dixon, D.A., and Gray, M.N. 1985. The engineering properties of buffer material - research at Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Technical Record TR-350, pp. 513-530.
5. Dixon, D.A., and Miller, S.H. 1995. Comparison of the mineralogical composition, physical, swelling and hydraulic properties of bentonites from Canada, the United States and Japan. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Report AECL-11303, COG-95-156.
6. Dixon, D.A., Gray, M.N., and Thomas, A.W. 1984. A study of the compaction properties of potential clay-sand buffer mixtures for use in nuclear fuel waste disposal. Engineering Geology, 21: 247-255.
7. Dixon, D.A., Gray, M.N., and Hnatiw, D.S.J. 1992a. Critical gradients and pressures in dense swelling clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29: 1113-1119.
8. Dixon, D.A., Sri Ranjan, R., and Graham, J. 1992b. Applicability of Darcy's Law in laboratory measurements of water flow through low permeability clays. In Proceedings of the 45th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Toronto, 26-28 October 1992. pp. 87-1-87-7.
9. Dixon, D.A., Gray, M.N., Lingnau, B.E., Graham, J., and Campbell, S.L. 1993. Thermal expansion testing to determine the influence of pore water structure on water flow through dense clays. In Proceedings of the 46th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, September 1993, Saskatoon.
10. Fernandez, F., and Quigley, R.M. 1991. Controlling the destructive effects of clay - organic liquid interactions by application of effective stresses. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 28: 388-398.
11. Foreman, D.E., and Daniel, D.E. 1986. Permeation of compacted clay with organic chemicals. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 112: 669-682.
12. Graham, J., Oswell, J.M., and Gray, M.N. 1992. The effective stress concept in saturated sand-clay buffer. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29: 1033-1043.
13. Gupta, R.P., and Swarzendruber, D. 1962. Flow-associated reduction in the hydraulic conductivity of quartz sand. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, 26: 6-10.
14. Güven, N. 1992. Molecular aspects of clay-water interactions. In CMS Workshop Lectures, Vol. 4: Clay-water interface and it rheological implications. Edited by N. Güven and R.M. Pollastro. Clay Minerals Society Publishing, Boulder, Colo., pp. 1-80.
15. Kartigesu, T. 1994. Validity of Darcy's law for low-gradient saturated flow through bentonite and sand mixtures. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
16. Lingnau, B.E., Graham, J., and Tanaka, N. 1995. Isothermal modeling of sand-bentonite mixtures at elevated temperatures. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32: 78-88.
17. Neuzil, C.E. 1986. Groundwater flow in low permeability environments. Water Resources Research, 22: 1163-1195.
18. Oliphant, J.L., and Tice, A.L. 1985. An experimental measurement of channeling of flow in porous media. Soil Science, 139: 394-399.
19. Olsen, H.W. 1960. Hydraulic flow through saturated clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 1: 131-161.
20. Olsen, H.W. 1965. Deviations from Darcy's Law in saturated clays. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, 29: 135-140.
21. Olsen, H.W. 1985. Osmosis: a cause of apparent deviations from Darcy's law. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 22: 238-241.
22. Oscarson, D.W., and Dixon, D.A. 1989. Elemental, mineralogical, and pore solution compositions of selected Canadian clays. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Report AECL-9891.
23. Oster, J.D., and Low, P.F. 1963. Activation energy for ion movement in thin water films on montmorillonite. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, 27: 369-373.
24. Pane, V., Croce, P., Znidarcic, D., Ko, H.-Y., Olsen, H.W., and Schiffman, R.L. 1982. Effects of consolidation on permeability measurements for soft clays. Géotechnique, 32: 67-72.
25. Pashley, R.M., and Israelachivili, J.N. 1984. Molecular layering of water in thin films between mica surfaces and its relation to hydration forces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 101: 501-523.
26. Sri Ranjan, R., and Karthigesu, T. 1992. Validity of conventional hydraulic conductivity measurement methods for clayey soils. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Manitoba Society of Soil Scientists, Winnipeg, pp. 104-108.
27. Stroes-Gascoyne, S., and West, J.M. 1995. Microbial considerations and studies in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program. In Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Kyoto, Japan, 23-27 Oct. 1994, Vol. 353, pp. 165-172.
28. Wan, A.W.L., Gray, M.N., and Graham, J. 1995. On the relations of suction, moisture content and soil structure in compacted clays. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, September 1995. Edited by E.E. Alonso and P. Delage. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 1, pp. 215-222.
29. Yong, R.N., Mohamed, A.M.O., and Warkentin, B.P. 1992. Principles of contaminant transport in soils. Elsevier, New York.