Trends in recommended illuminance levels: An international comparison

Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 155-163

  Mills, Evan ^a   Borg, Nils ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Borg and Co   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DAYLIGHTING; ELECTRIC LIGHTING; STANDARDS;

RECOMMENDED ILLUMINANCE LEVELS;

ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING;

EID: 0033479060     PISSN: 00994480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00994480.1999.10748262     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. MillsE. and BorgN. 1993. Trends in recommended lighting levels. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. 34565.
2. OsterhausW.K.E. 1993. Office lighting:A review of 80 years of standards and recommendations. Proceedings of the 1993 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. Toronto, Canada.
3. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. 1993 Lighting Handbook, 8th Edition, ReaM.S. ed. New York:IESNA. [Values for previous years taken from the IESNA Handbooks (for 1947, 1952, 1959, and 1972, 1981, 1987) and from Osterhaus (1993)].
4. CEN European Standard. 1996. Lighting applications—Lighting of Workplaces. Review draft as of July 1996(prEN 12464:1996E). English version. Brussels, Belgium.
5. Japanese Standards Association. 1979. Japanese Industrial Standard:Recommended Levels of Illumination:JIS-Z-9110–1979. Official translation to English prepared by the Japanese Standards Association. Updated in 1992 for office illumination only.
6. CIBSE 1994. Code for Interior Lighting (1994), Lighting Division, London, UK. Values for previous years taken from CIBSE and UK IES recommendations. Current and previous values as quoted by former CIE President Robin Aldworth (personal communication with filled-table, June 1993. Table kept at authors).
7. AizenbergY.B., MyasoedovaE.I. and FedyukinaG.V. 1995. Several New Concepts in the Illuminating Engineering Chapter of the Draft SNiP Rules and Standards. Light & Engineering 3(no. 4):29–39. [Values for operating rooms and tables from Aizenberg(private communication)].
8. AizenbergJ. 1993. All-Union Lighting Reserach Institute, Moscow, Russia. Private communication.
9. Deutsche Industrie Normen, DIN 5035 from the years of 1935, 1953, 1963, 1972, 1979, and 1990 (current). The most recent values for schools (1983, DIN 50354) and hospitals (1988, DIN 5035–3) as quoted by Dr. Michael Seidl of the German IES, Berlin.
10. Current recommendations (1997):Ljuskultur(Swedish Lighting Trade Organization, Belysningsbranscherna) and Swedish IES recommendations as of 1990, and NUTEK Department of Energy Efficiency's Lighting Design Requirements for Offices, Schools, Industry and Hospitals(in four separate volumes, all 1994). Historic values from 1974 and 1984 taken from the Ljuskultur lighting level recommendations and from 1931/32, 1948, 1953 and 1968 from Swedish IES recommendations.
11. Germany. Op cit.
12. Current NBN L 13–006 (1992). Values for 1964 from Belgium standard NBN 255.
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15. Australian Standard AS1680.2–1990.
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17. Mexico— No official standards currently exist for Mexico. Values shown represent the standard currently proposed by the Mexican Society of Illuminating Engineering (Soc. Mex. de Ingenería en Illuminacíon).
18. Op cit. CEN.
19. Osterhaus, Op. cit.
20. Netherlands— Current recommendation is NEN 3087 (NSW). (Current recommendation is for maintained lumens; former recomendations were for initial illuminance.) 1966 and 1981 values from NSW/NEN recommendations.
21. HartmannE., VerlagKeil, Ludwigshafen, Germany. 1977. Optimale Beleuchtung am Arbeitplatz (Optimal Lighting of Work Spaces).
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24. SLG/SEV 8912 (1 February 1992) recommendations (Swiss IES and Swiss Association of Electro technical Engineers), as quoted by Christian Vogt (July 1997), Christian Vogt Ingenierbüro für Lichttechnik, Winterhur, Switzerland.
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28. BermanS. 1992. Energy-efficiency consequences of scotopic sensitivity. JIES. (Winter)
29. SmithS.W. and ReaM.S. 1980. Relationships between office task performance and ratings of feelings and task evaluations under different light sources and levels, Proceedings of the CIE 19th Session, Kyoto. Japan. Publication no. 50:207–211.
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31. LeslieR.P. and HartlebS.B. 1990. Human response and variability in the luminous environment Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, Proceedings of the National Lighiting Conference, Cambridge, UK.
32. Japanese standard op. cit
33. Russian Federation Construction Standards and Rules:Daylight and Artificial Lighting, (op cit).
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35. Czech Standard CSN 360450 as quoted by Dr. Vladimir Dvoracek, Technical Director, Tesla Lighting, Prague, Czech Republic.
36. Danish Standard DS 700. 1997. As quoted by Hans-Jørgen Jacobsen, Director, Philips Lys, Copenhagen, Denmark.
37. French Lighting Association (AFE). 1993. recommendations for workplaces (hospital lighting currently under revision, 1981 recommendations provided). VDT lighting, AFE 1997 and retail lighting AFE 1992. All values as quoted by Vincent Berruto, ENTPE, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.