The nativist press: Demonizing the American immigrant

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 673-683

  Streitmatter, Rodger ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0033474421     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769909907600405     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. On 1890s nativism, see, for example, Thomas J. Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930 (Boston: Twayne, 1975), especially 93-128; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955), especially 68-105; Maldwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration, 2d ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), especially 177-238; Donald L. Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964); Dale T. Knobel, "Americafor the Americans":The Nativist Movement in the United States (NY: Twayne, 1996), especially 190-234; and Michael C. LeMay, From Open Door to Dutch Door: An Analysis of U.S. Immigration Policy Since 1820 (NY: Praeger, 1987), especially 38-72.
2. On 1890s nativism, see, for example, Thomas J. Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930 (Boston: Twayne, 1975), especially 93-128; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955), especially 68-105; Maldwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration, 2d ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), especially 177-238; Donald L. Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964); Dale T. Knobel, "Americafor the Americans":The Nativist Movement in the United States (NY: Twayne, 1996), especially 190-234; and Michael C. LeMay, From Open Door to Dutch Door: An Analysis of U.S. Immigration Policy Since 1820 (NY: Praeger, 1987), especially 38-72.
3. On 1890s nativism, see, for example, Thomas J. Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930 (Boston: Twayne, 1975), especially 93-128; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955), especially 68-105; Maldwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration, 2d ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), especially 177-238; Donald L. Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964); Dale T. Knobel, "Americafor the Americans":The Nativist Movement in the United States (NY: Twayne, 1996), especially 190-234; and Michael C. LeMay, From Open Door to Dutch Door: An Analysis of U.S. Immigration Policy Since 1820 (NY: Praeger, 1987), especially 38-72.
4. On 1890s nativism, see, for example, Thomas J. Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930 (Boston: Twayne, 1975), especially 93-128; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955), especially 68-105; Maldwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration, 2d ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), especially 177-238; Donald L. Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964); Dale T. Knobel, "Americafor the Americans":The Nativist Movement in the United States (NY: Twayne, 1996), especially 190-234; and Michael C. LeMay, From Open Door to Dutch Door: An Analysis of U.S. Immigration Policy Since 1820 (NY: Praeger, 1987), especially 38-72.
5. On 1890s nativism, see, for example, Thomas J. Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930 (Boston: Twayne, 1975), especially 93-128; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955), especially 68-105; Maldwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration, 2d ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), especially 177-238; Donald L. Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964); Dale T. Knobel, "America for the Americans":The Nativist Movement in the United States (NY: Twayne, 1996), especially 190-234; and Michael C. LeMay, From Open Door to Dutch Door: An Analysis of U.S. Immigration Policy Since 1820 (NY: Praeger, 1987), especially 38-72.
6. On 1890s nativism, see, for example, Thomas J. Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 1820-1930 (Boston: Twayne, 1975), especially 93-128; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955), especially 68-105; Maldwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration, 2d ed. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), especially 177-238; Donald L. Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism: The American Protective Association (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964); Dale T. Knobel, "Americafor the Americans":The Nativist Movement in the United States (NY: Twayne, 1996), especially 190-234; and Michael C. LeMay, From Open Door to Dutch Door: An Analysis of U.S. Immigration Policy Since 1820 (NY: Praeger, 1987), especially 38-72.
7. For a list of nativist newspapers, see Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism, 255-58, 327-30.
8. "A Little Catechism," A.P.A. Magazine, July 1895, 150.
9. "Fifty Thousand," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4.
10. American Standard, 20 April 1888, back cover.
11. The nativist press is not mentioned in Michael Emery and Edwin Emery, The Press and America: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media, 8th ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1996), Jean Folkerts and Dwight L. Teeter Jr., Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States, 3d ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998), or Wm. David Sloan, James G. Stovall, and James D. Startt, The Media in America: A History, 2d ed. (Scottsdale, AZ: Publishing Horizons, 1993. Nor is it mentioned in Lauren Kessler, The Dissident Press: Alternative Journalism in American History (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984).
12. The nativist press is not mentioned in Michael Emery and Edwin Emery, The Press and America: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media, 8th ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1996), Jean Folkerts and Dwight L. Teeter Jr., Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States, 3d ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998), or Wm. David Sloan, James G. Stovall, and James D. Startt, The Media in America: A History, 2d ed. (Scottsdale, AZ: Publishing Horizons, 1993. Nor is it mentioned in Lauren Kessler, The Dissident Press: Alternative Journalism in American History (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984).
13. The nativist press is not mentioned in Michael Emery and Edwin Emery, The Press and America: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media, 8th ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1996), Jean Folkerts and Dwight L. Teeter Jr., Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States, 3d ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998), or Wm. David Sloan, James G. Stovall, and James D. Startt, The Media in America: A History, 2d ed. (Scottsdale, AZ: Publishing Horizons, 1993. Nor is it mentioned in Lauren Kessler, The Dissident Press: Alternative Journalism in American History (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984).
14. The nativist press is not mentioned in Michael Emery and Edwin Emery, The Press and America: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media, 8th ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1996), Jean Folkerts and Dwight L. Teeter Jr., Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States, 3d ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998), or Wm. David Sloan, James G. Stovall, and James D. Startt, The Media in America: A History, 2d ed. (Scottsdale, AZ: Publishing Horizons, 1993. Nor is it mentioned in Lauren Kessler, The Dissident Press: Alternative Journalism in American History (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984).
15. Leon F. Bouvier, Peaceful Invasions: Immigration and Changing America (NY: University Press of America, 1992), 13-14.
16. LeMay, From Open Door, 4.
17. Higham, Strangers in the Land, 7.
18. Knobel, "America for the Americans," 229.
19. LeMay, From Open Door, 4.
20. A.P.A. Magazine, "The Immigration Problem," September 1896, 1407; "The Immigration Disease," December 1895, 648.
21. A.P.A. Magazine, "The Immigration Problem," September 1896, 1407; "The Immigration Disease," December 1895, 648.
22. United American, "Stop It Altogether," 24 August 1895, p. 1; "Our Real Peril," 2 November 1895, p. 1; "Still They Come," 31 August 1895, p. 1.
23. United American, "Stop It Altogether," 24 August 1895, p. 1; "Our Real Peril," 2 November 1895, p. 1; "Still They Come," 31 August 1895, p. 1.
24. United American, "Stop It Altogether," 24 August 1895, p. 1; "Our Real Peril," 2 November 1895, p. 1; "Still They Come," 31 August 1895, p. 1.
25. "Read Carefully," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 436.
26. "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
27. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1573; "The Future of the Republic," American Standard, 23 March 1888, p. 10; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
28. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1573; "The Future of the Republic," American Standard, 23 March 1888, p. 10; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
29. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1573; "The Future of the Republic," American Standard, 23 March 1888, p. 10; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
30. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1573; "The Future of the Republic," American Standard, 23 March 1888, p. 10; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
31. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1571; "Stop It Altogether," United American, 24 August 1895, p. 1; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
32. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1571; "Stop It Altogether," United American, 24 August 1895, p. 1; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
33. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1571; "Stop It Altogether," United American, 24 August 1895, p. 1; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
34. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1571; "Stop It Altogether," United American, 24 August 1895, p. 1; untitled, American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9; "Invasion of Ignorance," American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 10.
35. "The Immigration Problem," A.P.A. Magazine, September 1896, 1408.
36. "Immigration," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1573.
37. A.D., "Letters," American Standard, 25 May 1888, p. 7.
38. "Popery on the Potomac," United American, 8 October 1894, p. 3.
39. Tennessee Observer, "Letters," American Standard, 25 May 1888, p. 6.
40. "Platform of the United American," United American, 11 August 1894, p. 2.
41. Untitled article, American Standard, 25 May 1888, p. 1.
42. "More Boycott," Loyal American, 20 January 1894, p. 1.
43. "Disappointed His Friends," American Standard, 16 March 1888, p. 4.
44. Untitled article, American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 5.
45. "Imposition of a Tax on All Immigrants," American Standard, 16 March 1888, p. 14.
46. "Call a Halt," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4.
47. "Platform of the United American," United American, 11 August 1894, p. 2.
48. "Naturalization," American Standard, 16 March 1888, p. 12.
49. "Our Naturalization Laws," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1554; "Platform of Principles," United American, 9 November 1895, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2.
50. "Our Naturalization Laws," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1554; "Platform of Principles," United American, 9 November 1895, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2.
51. "Our Naturalization Laws," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1896, 1554; "Platform of Principles," United American, 9 November 1895, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2.
52. "Turn the Foreign Rascals Out," American Standard, 16 March 1888, p. 14.
53. "Protection of the Free Schools," American Standard, 16 March 1888, p. 14.
54. "Nationality of Criminals," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 440.
55. "Liberty and Freedom," American Standard, 27 April 1888, p. 7.
56. "The Immigration Problem," A.P.A. Magazine, September 1896, 1408.
57. Untitled article, American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 5.
58. Untitled article, American Standard, 6 April 1888, p. 5.
59. Untitled article, American Standard, 13 April 1888, p. 3.
60. "How Saloons May Be Crippled," American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 9.
61. Untitled article, American Standard, 27 April 1894, p. 2.
62. "Our Country's Danger from Romanism," A.P.A. Magazine, June 1895, 61.
63. "Read Carefully," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 437.
64. "Popery on the Potomac," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine, June 1895, 66-67.
65. Untitled article, A.P.A. Magazine, April 1896, 1110.
66. "The Relation of Romanism to Crime," A.P.A. Magazine, August 1895, 213.
67. "Another 'Plan,'" Loyal American, 30 September 1893, p. 2.
68. "Church and State," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 1.
69. "President Lincoln's Assassination," A.P.A. Magazine, November 1895, 560 (emphasis included).
70. "The Immigration Problem," A.P.A. Magazine, September 1896, 1407.
71. "Pat and His Church," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 409.
72. "Pat and His Church," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 410.
73. "Pat and His Church," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 409 (emphasis included).
74. "Popery on the Potomac," United American, 1 October 1894, p. 3.
75. "The Immigration Problem," A.P.A. Magazine, September 1896, 1407.
76. "More Boycott," Loyal American, 20 January 1894, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2; "Popery on the Potomac," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine from United American, June 1895, 67; "A Little Catechism," A.P.A. Magazine, July 1895, 150; untitled, A.P.A. Magazine, November 1895, 561.
77. "More Boycott," Loyal American, 20 January 1894, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2; "Popery on the Potomac," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine from United American, June 1895, 67; "A Little Catechism," A.P.A. Magazine, July 1895, 150; untitled, A.P.A. Magazine, November 1895, 561.
78. "More Boycott," Loyal American, 20 January 1894, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2; "Popery on the Potomac," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine from United American, June 1895, 67; "A Little Catechism," A.P.A. Magazine, July 1895, 150; untitled, A.P.A. Magazine, November 1895, 561.
79. "More Boycott," Loyal American, 20 January 1894, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2; "Popery on the Potomac," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine from United American, June 1895, 67; "A Little Catechism," A.P.A. Magazine, July 1895, 150; untitled, A.P.A. Magazine, November 1895, 561.
80. "More Boycott," Loyal American, 20 January 1894, p. 1; untitled, Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 2; "Popery on the Potomac," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine from United American, June 1895, 67; "A Little Catechism," A.P.A. Magazine, July 1895, 150; untitled, A.P.A. Magazine, November 1895, 561.
81. "Call a Halt," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4; "Cronin Murder," Loyal American, 13 January 1894, p. 1; "The Fatal Pistol Shot," A.P.A. Magazine, August 1895, 269.
82. "Call a Halt," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4; "Cronin Murder," Loyal American, 13 January 1894, p. 1; "The Fatal Pistol Shot," A.P.A. Magazine, August 1895, 269.
83. "Call a Halt," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4; "Cronin Murder," Loyal American, 13 January 1894, p. 1; "The Fatal Pistol Shot," A.P.A. Magazine, August 1895, 269.
84. "To Satolli," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 2.
85. "Pat and His Church," A.P.A. Magazine, October 1895, 409.
86. "Popery on the Potomac," United American, 1 October 1894, p. 3.
87. "Another Sanctified Rapist," Loyal American, 2 September 1893, p. 1.
88. "'Father' Wagner," United American, 5 October 1895, p. 1.
89. "The Immigration Problem," A.P.A. Magazine, September 1896, 1407.
90. "'Joe Howard' on Foreignism," United American, 11 August 1894, p. 1.
91. "Powerless Without the Ballot," American Standard, 30 March 1888, p. 6.
92. "'Joe Howard' on Foreignism," United American, 11 August 1894, p. 1.
93. "Call a Halt," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4.
94. "Our National Guests," A.P.A. Magazine, September 1895, 395.
95. "Call a Halt," Loyal American, 2 December 1893, p. 4.
96. "Convent Labor vs. Convict Labor," reprinted in A.P.A. Magazine, March 1896, 1030.
97. "17,750," Loyal American, 30 December 1893, p. 1.
98. Untitled article, United American, 3 August 1895, p. 1.
99. "Rome's Red Hand," A.P.A. Magazine, May 1896, 1231.
100. Untitled article, A.P.A. Magazine, June 1897, 34.
101. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 109-128; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 300-330; Jones, American Immigration, 212; Knobel, "America for the Americans," xii-xiv, 193-234; and LeMay, From Open Door, 53-72, 204-206.
102. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 109-128; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 300-330; Jones, American Immigration, 212; Knobel, "America for the Americans," xii-xiv, 193-234; and LeMay, From Open Door, 53-72, 204-206.
103. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 109-128; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 300-330; Jones, American Immigration, 212; Knobel, "America for the Americans," xii-xiv, 193-234; and LeMay, From Open Door, 53-72, 204-206.
104. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 109-128; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 300-330; Jones, American Immigration, 212; Knobel, "America for the Americans," xii-xiv, 193-234; and LeMay, From Open Door, 53-72, 204-206.
105. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 109-128; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 300-330; Jones, American Immigration, 212; Knobel, "America for the Americans," xii-xiv, 193-234; and LeMay, From Open Door, 53-72, 204-206.
106. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 103-104; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 80-86, 306; Kinzer, Episode in Anti-Catholicism, 95, 99; Knobel, "America for the Americans," 208, 212-13, 218-19; and LeMay, From Open Door, 59, 67, 99-100.
107. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 103-104; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 80-86, 306; Kinzer, Episode in Anti-Catholicism, 95, 99; Knobel, "America for the Americans," 208, 212-13, 218-19; and LeMay, From Open Door, 59, 67, 99-100.
108. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 103-104; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 80-86, 306; Kinzer, Episode in Anti-Catholicism, 95, 99; Knobel, "America for the Americans," 208, 212-13, 218-19; and LeMay, From Open Door, 59, 67, 99-100.
109. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 103-104; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 80-86, 306; Kinzer, Episode in Anti-Catholicism, 95, 99; Knobel, "America for the Americans," 208, 212-13, 218-19; and LeMay, From Open Door, 59, 67, 99-100.
110. See, for example, Curran, Xenophobia and Immigration, 103-104; Higham, Strangers in the Land, 80-86, 306; Kinzer, Episode in Anti-Catholicism, 95, 99; Knobel, "America for the Americans," 208, 212-13, 218-19; and LeMay, From Open Door, 59, 67, 99-100.