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M.H. Anderson, J.R. Ensher, M.R. Matthews, C.E. Wieman, E.A. Cornell, Science 269, 198 (1995); K.B. Davis, M.O. Mewes, M.R. Andrews, N.J. van Druten, D.S. Durfee, D.M. Kurn, W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969 (1995); C.C. Bradley, C.A. Sackett, R.G. Hulet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 985 (1997).
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This was studied in the homogeneous case by S. Fetter, Phys. Rev. A 148, 429 (1965); G.B. Hess, Phys. Rev. 161, 189 (1967).
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We disregard here the zero energy mode coming from the arbitrariness of the global phase of ψ. This mode is absent in a Bogoliubov treatment preserving the U(1) symmetry of the problem, see C. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. A 56, 1414 (1997); Y. Castin, R. Dum, Phys. Rev. A 57, 3008 (1998).
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Gardiner, C.1
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0001053337
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We disregard here the zero energy mode coming from the arbitrariness of the global phase of ψ. This mode is absent in a Bogoliubov treatment preserving the U(1) symmetry of the problem, see C. Gardiner, Phys. Rev. A 56, 1414 (1997); Y. Castin, R. Dum, Phys. Rev. A 57, 3008 (1998).
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H. Pu, C.K. Law, J.H. Eberly, N. Bigelow, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1533 (1999); N. Bigelow (private communication).
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S. Stringari (private communication); a purely numerical approach to calculate the interference fringes was taken in E.L. Bolda, D.F. Walls, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5477 (1998).
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Stringari, S.1
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S. Stringari (private communication); a purely numerical approach to calculate the interference fringes was taken in E.L. Bolda, D.F. Walls, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5477 (1998).
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unpublished
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S. Fetter (unpublished).
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Fetter, S.1
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33
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0009179193
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note
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The numerical results for the energy curves are obtained as follows. We start with ψ given by the ansatz for one or several vortices displaced from the trap center and evolve it in complex time. We observe that the positions of the vortices evolve very slowly whereas the other variables such as the phase relax rapidly to a quasi steady-state. This allows to define an energy as function of the positions of the cores.
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