The rise of Russian anti-imperialism

Orbis

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 111-125

  Hale, Henry E ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0033472965     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4387(99)80059-3     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. 1 See Henry E. Hale, "Statehood at Stake: Democratization, the Ethnic Security Dilemma and the Collapse of the USSR" (Ph.D. dissertation in political science, Department of Government, Harvard University, 1998).
2. 2 See "Nursultan Nazarbaev: 'Segodnya nam luchshe podchinit' sya Rossii, chem MVF," Ekspress (Kazakhstan), Oct. 15, 1993; "Soglasheniye o prakticheskikh merakh po sozdaniyu rublevoy zony novogo tipa," and "Soglasheniye ob ob'edinenii denezhnoy sistemy Respubliki Kazakhstan s denezhnoy sistemoy Rossiyskoy Federatsii," Sovety Kazakhstana, Oct. 23, 1993. See also Moscow Times, Nov. 4, 1993.
3. 2 See "Nursultan Nazarbaev: 'Segodnya nam luchshe podchinit' sya Rossii, chem MVF," Ekspress (Kazakhstan), Oct. 15, 1993; "Soglasheniye o prakticheskikh merakh po sozdaniyu rublevoy zony novogo tipa," and "Soglasheniye ob ob'edinenii denezhnoy sistemy Respubliki Kazakhstan s denezhnoy sistemoy Rossiyskoy Federatsii," Sovety Kazakhstana, Oct. 23, 1993. See also Moscow Times, Nov. 4, 1993.
4. 2 See "Nursultan Nazarbaev: 'Segodnya nam luchshe podchinit' sya Rossii, chem MVF," Ekspress (Kazakhstan), Oct. 15, 1993; "Soglasheniye o prakticheskikh merakh po sozdaniyu rublevoy zony novogo tipa," and "Soglasheniye ob ob'edinenii denezhnoy sistemy Respubliki Kazakhstan s denezhnoy sistemoy Rossiyskoy Federatsii," Sovety Kazakhstana, Oct. 23, 1993. See also Moscow Times, Nov. 4, 1993.
5. 3 See, for example, RFE/RL Daily Reports, no. 70, Apr. 13, 1994; Monitor (Jamestown Foundation, Washington, D.C.), Dec. 5, 1995.
6. 3 See, for example, RFE/RL Daily Reports, no. 70, Apr. 13, 1994; Monitor (Jamestown Foundation, Washington, D.C.), Dec. 5, 1995.
7. 4 RFE/RL Daily Reports, no. 70, Apr. 13, 1994.
8. 5 Reuters, Apr. 2, 1997, from David Johnson's Russia List (hereafter DJRL), an electronic listserve source.
9. 6 One of the best and most lucid such pieces is: Fiona Hill and Pamela Jewett, Back in the USSR (Cambridge, Mass.: Strengthening Democratic Institutions Project, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1994).
10. 7 Ibid., p. 64.
11. 8 Kate Litvak, "The Role of Political Competition and Bargaining in Russian Foreign Policy," Communist and Post-Communist Studies, June 1996, pp. 213-29.
12. 9 See Martha Brill Olcott, "Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: The Demographics of Ethnic Politics," Problems of Post-Communism, Mar./Apr. 1995, pp. 24-28, p. 26.
13. 10 Interview with regional leaders of Lad, April 1994, Kazakhstan.
14. 11 For an example of the form this bullying took, see "I. Karimov utverzhdaet, chto v Uzbekistane u russkoyazychnogo naseleniya problem net," Izvestia, Nov. 18, 1993, p. 3.
15. 12 Bhavna Dave, "National Revival in Kazakhstan: Language Shift and Identity Change," Post-Soviet Affairs, vol. 12, no. 1, 1996, pp. 51-72; Country Profile: Kyrgyzstan, Kaleidoscope series (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1998), available in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe database.
16. 12 Bhavna Dave, "National Revival in Kazakhstan: Language Shift and Identity Change," Post-Soviet Affairs, vol. 12, no. 1, 1996, pp. 51-72; Country Profile: Kyrgyzstan, Kaleidoscope series (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1998), available in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe database.
17. 13 Vedomosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1993, no. 29, p. 1794.
18. 14 See, for example, Liz Fuller, "Introducing the Other GUAM," End Note in RFE/RL Newsline, vol. 1, no. 169, Part I, Dec. 1, 1997; Turkistan List, Dec. 19, 1997.
19. 14 See, for example, Liz Fuller, "Introducing the Other GUAM," End Note in RFE/RL Newsline, vol. 1, no. 169, Part I, Dec. 1, 1997; Turkistan List, Dec. 19, 1997.
20. 15 Indeed, one of the goals of a united Europe is to compete with the U.S. on a more equal footing.
21. 16 For a good analysis of the implications of the Chechen experience, see Anatoly Lieven, "Russia's Military Nadir: The Meaning of the Chechen Debacle," National Interest, Summer 1996, pp. 24-33.
22. 17 Washington Post Foreign Service, Aug. 28, 1998, p. A1.
23. 18 Abraham S. Becker, "Russia and Economic Integration in the CIS," Survival, Winter 1996-97, pp. 117-136.
24. 19 RFE/RL Newsline, vol. 2, no. 92, Part I, May 15, 1998.
25. 20 For a history of this Russian-Ukrainian problem, see "Boris Yel'tsin i Leonid Kuchma skrepili dogovor krov'yu," Kommersant-Daily, no. 198, Nov. 18, 1997.
26. 21 RFE/RL Newsline, vol. 1, no. 136, Part I, Oct. 10, 1997.
27. 22 See Moscow Times, Nov. 4, 1993.
28. 23 Shokhin unexpectedly resigned over a disagreement with Zadornov, but the priorities of the government have apparently remained intact.
29. 24 I am grateful to Michael Ochs for suggesting this implication of my general argument, although I bear all responsibility for any faults in the way it is developed here.
30. 25 See "Pozitsiya Ashkhabada izmeneniy ne preterpela," Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Mar. 11, 1997.
31. 26 See RFE/RL Newsline, vol. 1, no. 142, Part I, Oct. 20, 1997.
32. 27 AFP, July 6, 1998, in Turkistan-Newsletter, BUSINESS, vol. 98, no. 109, July 8, 1998.
33. 27 AFP, July 6, 1998, in Turkistan-Newsletter, BUSINESS, vol. 98, no. 109, July 8, 1998.
34. 28 Competition over pipeline routes is to be expected in any case, although it is intriguing to consider that LUKoil itself might not object too vociferously to the main route's circumventing Russia if LUKoil is worried that Russia may want to upset the flow of oil in an effort to pressure Azerbaijan for political reasons. Likewise, it suggests that LUKoil would be a force against the political use of the pipeline should it wind up going through Russia, since such politicking may come at the expense of Russia's own oil barons.