Industrial labour in post-colonial India I: Industrializing the economy and formalizing labour

International Review of Social History

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 249-300

  Breman, Jan ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0033463025     PISSN: 00208590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020859099000498     Document Type: Review

References (179)

1. Pant, Indian Labour Problems; Singh, Labour Economics; Sen, Working Class of India; Crouch, Indian Working Class.
2. Pant, Indian Labour Problems; Singh, Labour Economics; Sen, Working Class of India; Crouch, Indian Working Class.
3. Pant, Indian Labour Problems; Singh, Labour Economics; Sen, Working Class of India; Crouch, Indian Working Class.
4. Pant, Indian Labour Problems; Singh, Labour Economics; Sen, Working Class of India; Crouch, Indian Working Class.
5. Ray, Industrialization in India.
6. Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 9.
7. Pant, Indian Labour Problems, p. 12.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 10.
10. Ibid., in the Preface.
11. Papola et al., Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations, p. 211.
12. Chakrabarty, Rethinking Working-Class History.
13. Mukerjee, Indian Working Class.
14. Chandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism.
15. Iyer (1903) in Chandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism, p. 762.
16. Thorner, Land and Labour in India, p. 173.
17. Lorenzo, Agricultural Labour Conditions.
18. Patel, Agricultural Labourers.
19. Kumar, Land and Caste in South India.
20. Mukhtyar, Life and Labour in a South Gujarat Village; Shukla, Life and Labour in a Gujarat Taluka.
21. Mukhtyar, Life and Labour in a South Gujarat Village; Shukla, Life and Labour in a Gujarat Taluka.
22. Breman, Labour Migration and Rural Transformation; see also Robb, "Introduction".
23. Breman, Labour Migration and Rural Transformation; see also Robb, "Introduction".
24. Idem, Patronage and Exploitation; Thorner, Land and Labour in India, pp. 63-64; Thorner, Shaping of Modern India.
25. Idem, Patronage and Exploitation; Thorner, Land and Labour in India, pp. 63-64; Thorner, Shaping of Modern India.
26. Idem, Patronage and Exploitation; Thorner, Land and Labour in India, pp. 63-64; Thorner, Shaping of Modern India.
27. Mundle, Backwardness and Bondage; Prakash, Bonded Histories.
28. Mundle, Backwardness and Bondage; Prakash, Bonded Histories.
29. Patnaik, "Introduction", p. 14; see Idem, Reflections on the Agrarian Question, p. 28.
30. Patnaik, "Introduction", p. 14; see Idem, Reflections on the Agrarian Question, p. 28.
31. Brass, "Unfree Labour and Capitalist Restructuring", p. 56.
32. Brass, "Class Struggle and Deproletarianisation", pp. 36-37.
33. Breman, "Seasonal Migration and Co-operative Capitalism", p. 1350.
34. Breman, Beyond Patronage and Exploitation; Idem, Footloose Labour.
35. Breman, Beyond Patronage and Exploitation; Idem, Footloose Labour.
36. Ramachandran, Wage Labour and Unfreedom in Agriculture, p. 262.
37. Report of the Royal Commission on Labour in India, p. 26.
38. Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 36.
39. Kerr, "Changing social structures"; Moore, Industrialization and Labor; Moore and Feldman, Labor Commitment and Social Change.
40. Kerr, "Changing social structures"; Moore, Industrialization and Labor; Moore and Feldman, Labor Commitment and Social Change.
41. Kerr, "Changing social structures"; Moore, Industrialization and Labor; Moore and Feldman, Labor Commitment and Social Change.
42. Myers, Labor Problems.
43. Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 47.
44. Moore and Feldman, Labor Commitment and Social Change, p. 1.
45. Kerr, "Changing Social Structures", pp. 351-352.
46. Myers, Labor Problems, p. 36.
47. Ibid., p. 45.
48. James, "Casual Labor Problem", pp. 100, 104.
49. Myers, Labor Problems, p. 53.
50. Feldman and Moore, "Commitment of the Industrial Labor Force", pp. 19-26.
51. Myers, Labor Problems, p. 48.
52. Moore and Feldman, Labor Commitment and Social Change, p. 4.
53. Kerr, "Changing Social Structures", p. 358.
54. Chattopadhyay and Sen Gupta, "Growth of a Disciplined Labour Force", pp. 1209-1216.
55. Myers, Labor Problems, p. xvi.
56. Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change, p. 6.
57. Ibid., pp. 83-84.
58. Ibid., pp. 91-94.
59. Sheth, Social Framework.
60. Moore, Industrialization and Labor, p. 124.
61. Sheth, Social Framework, p. 203.
62. Ibid., p. 203.
63. Sharma, Indian Industrial Worker, p. 14.
64. Ibid., 48.
65. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers.
66. Ibid., p. 144.
67. Idem, Industry and Inequality.
68. Munshi, "Industrial Labour in Developing Economies".
69. Ibid., p. 82.
70. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 28.
71. Higgins, "'The Dualistic Theory' of Underdeveloped Areas".
72. Ram, "Indian Working Class and the Peasantry", p. 182.
73. Government of India, Report of the National Commission on Labour, pp. 33-34.
74. Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 40.
75. Papola, "Labour Institutions and Economic Development", p. 27.
76. Idem, "Economics of Labour Market", p. 182.
77. Government of India, Report of the National Commission on Labour, p. 70.
78. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 42-54; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, pp. 18-19.
79. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 42-54; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, pp. 18-19.
80. Papola, "Labour Institutions and Economic Development", p. 27.
81. Myers, Labor Problems.
82. Singer, "Indian Joint Family", p. 433.
83. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 14.
84. Groenou, "Sociology of Work in India", p. 175.
85. Sheth, Social Framework, p. 8.
86. Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change, p. 131.
87. Ibid., p. 185.
88. Myers, Labor Problems, p. 47; see also James, "Casual Labor Problem", p. 103.
89. Myers, Labor Problems, p. 47; see also James, "Casual Labor Problem", p. 103.
90. Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change, p. 179.
91. Kerr, "Changing Social Structures", p. 352.
92. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 139-140.
93. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 145; for an updated statement see Ramaswamy, "Wealth and Power Convert into Status".
94. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 145; for an updated statement see Ramaswamy, "Wealth and Power Convert into Status".
95. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 139-140.
96. Versluys, Prabhu, and Vakil, Social and Cultural Factors, p. 7.
97. Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 56-57.
98. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 41.
99. Ibid., p. 137.
100. Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, pp. 99-100.
101. Ibid., p. 102.
102. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 21.
103. People et al., Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in India, pp. 294-325.
104. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 23.
105. See Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, p. 7; Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 79-82; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 28; U. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 12.
106. See Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, p. 7; Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 79-82; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 28; U. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 12.
107. See Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, p. 7; Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 79-82; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 28; U. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 12.
108. See Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, p. 7; Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 79-82; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 28; U. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 12.
109. Ramaswamy, Worker and His Union, p. 175.
110. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 38; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 20.
111. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 38; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 20.
112. E.g., Buchanan, Development of Capitalist Enterprise in India, p. 294; Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 29.
113. E.g., Buchanan, Development of Capitalist Enterprise in India, p. 294; Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 29.
114. Myers, Labor Problems in the Industrialization of India, pp. 39-40.
115. Morris, Emergence of an Industrial Labor Force in India, pp. 200-201.
116. Morris, "Labor Market in India", pp. 182-183.
117. E.g., Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 73-75; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 32-34; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, pp. 102-114.
118. E.g., Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 73-75; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 32-34; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, pp. 102-114.
119. E.g., Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 73-75; Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, pp. 32-34; Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, pp. 102-114.
120. Sharma, "Industrial Workers", p. 13.
121. Harriss, "Character of an Urban Economy", p. 999.
122. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 80.
123. Sharma, Indian Industrial Worker, p. 14.
124. Ram, "Indian Working Class and the Peasantry", p. 182.
125. Morris, Emergence of an Industrial Labor Force in India, p. 65.
126. Ibid., p. 69.
127. Government of India, Report of the National Commission on Labour, p. 380.
128. Sharma, Indian Industrial Worker, p. 7.
129. Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, p. 23.
130. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 19.
131. Ibid., p. 65.
132. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 22; see also Fernandes, Producing Workers.
133. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 22; see also Fernandes, Producing Workers.
134. Quoted in Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 227.
135. Das, "Indian Working Class", p. 165.
136. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 68.
137. Kerr, "Changing Social Structures", p. 353.
138. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p.25; see also Holmström, Industry and Inequality, pp. 227-228.
139. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p.25; see also Holmström, Industry and Inequality, pp. 227-228.
140. See, among others, Goode, "Industrialization and Family Change".
141. Singer, "Indian Joint Family in Modern Industry".
142. Ibid., p. 438.
143. Lambert, Workers, Factories and Social Change in India, p. 56.
144. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 274.
145. "Report of a Survey: Working-Class Women and Working-Class Families in Bombay", p. 1169.
146. Government of India, Report of the National Commission on Labour, p. 33.
147. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 21.
148. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 27.
149. G.P. Sinha in Papola et al., Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in India, p. 271.
150. Minutes National Planning Committee, May 1940.
151. Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. xi.
152. Kanappan, "Labor Force Commitment", p. 315; see also Myers, and Kanappan, Industrial Relations in India, p. 113.
153. Kanappan, "Labor Force Commitment", p. 315; see also Myers, and Kanappan, Industrial Relations in India, p. 113.
154. P. S. Loknathan, in Papola et al., Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in India, p. 51.
155. Joseph, "Workers' Participation in Industry", pp. 123-139; R. K. Mukherjee, in Papola et al., Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in India, p. 109.
156. Joseph, "Workers' Participation in Industry", pp. 123-139; R. K. Mukherjee, in Papola et al., Labour, Employment and Industrial Relations in India, p. 109.
157. Ramaswamy, Worker and His Union, pp. 182-183.
158. Ramaswamy, Work, Union and Community, p. 21.
159. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 289; see also Das, "Indian Working Class", p. 174.
160. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 289; see also Das, "Indian Working Class", p. 174.
161. E.g. Mamkoottam, Trade Unionism: Myth and Reality.
162. Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 159-160; see also Sharma, "Union Involvement Revisited", p. 1239.
163. Sheth, Social Framework of an Indian Factory, pp. 159-160; see also Sharma, "Union Involvement Revisited", p. 1239.
164. Perlin, "Ragi, Roti and Four-Yard Dhoties", p. 457.
165. Government of India, Report of the National Commission on Labour, p. 35.
166. Ibid.
167. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, pp. 294-295.
168. Holmström, South Indian Factory Workers, p. 80.
169. Cited in: Ornati, Jobs and Workers in India, p. 15.
170. Papola, "Restructuring in Indian Industry", p. 46.
171. Ramaswamy, "Indian Trade Unionism", p. 170; see also Heuzé, ́Workers' Struggles and Indigenous Fordism", p. 177.
172. Ramaswamy, "Indian Trade Unionism", p. 170; see also Heuzé, ́Workers' Struggles and Indigenous Fordism", p. 177.
173. Ramaswamy, Worker Consciousness and Trade Union Response, p. 74.
174. Heuzé, "Workers' Struggles and Indigenous Fordism", p. 185.
175. Ramaswamy, "Wealth and Power Convert Into Status", pp. 35-38.
176. Harriss, "The Working Poor and the Labour Aristocracy"; Mathur, "The Effects of Legal and Contractual Regulations", p. 189.
177. Harriss, "The Working Poor and the Labour Aristocracy"; Mathur, "The Effects of Legal and Contractual Regulations", p. 189.
178. Holmström, Industry and Inequality, p. 319.
179. Ram, "Indian Working Class and the Peasantry", p. 184.