Effects of plate bending and fault strength at subduction zones on plate dynamics

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 104, Issue B8, 1999, Pages 17551-17571

  Conrad, Clinton P ^a   Hager, Bradford H ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLATE TECTONICS; SUBDUCTION ZONE;

EID: 0033454711     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900149     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Backus, G. E., Gross thermodynamics of heat engines in deep interior of Earth, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 1555-1558, 1975.
2. Bercovici, D., A source-sink model of the generation of plate tectonics from non-Newtonian mantle flow, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2013-2030, 1995.
3. Bevis, M., The curvature of Wadati-Benioff zones and the torsional rigidity of subducting plates, Nature, 323, 52-53, 1986.
4. Bunge, H.-P., and M. A. Richards, The origin of large scale structure in mantle convection: Effects of plate motions and viscosity structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2987-2990, 1996.
5. Bunge, H.-P., M. A. Richards, and J. R. Baumgardner, Effect of depth-dependent viscosity on the planform of mantle convection, Nature, 379, 436-438, 1996.
6. Chandrasekhar, S., Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1961.
7. Chapple, W. M., and D. W. Forsyth, Earthquakes and bending of plates at trenches, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6729-6749, 1979.
8. Chapple, W. M., and T. E. Tullis, Evaluation of the forces that drive the plates, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1967-1984, 1977.
9. Christensen, U., Convection with pressure- and temperature-dependent non-Newtonian viscosity, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 77, 343-384, 1984.
10. Davies, G. F., Role of the lithosphere in mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10451-10466, 1988.
11. Davies, G. F., Mantle convection model with a dynamic plate: Topography, heat flow and gravity anomalies, Geophys. J. Int., 98, 461-464, 1989.
12. De Bremaecker, J.-C., Is the oceanic lithosphere elastic or viscous?, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2001-2004, 1977.
13. Forsyth, D., and S. Uyeda, On the relative importance of the driving forces of plate motion, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 43, 163-200, 1975.
14. Giardini, D., and J. H. Woodhouse, Deep seismicity and modes of deformation in Tonga subduction zone, Nature, 307, 505-509, 1984.
15. Gordon, R. G., and D. M. Jurdy, Cenozoic global plate motions, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 12389-12406, 1986.
16. Gripp, A. E., and R. G. Gordon, Current plate velocities relative to the hotspots incorporating the NUVEL-1 global plate motion model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1109-1112, 1990.
17. Gurnis, M., and B. H. Hager, Controls of the structure of subducted slabs, Nature, 335, 317-321, 1988.
18. Gurnis, M., and S. Zhong, Generation of long wavelength heterogeneity in the mantle by the dynamic interaction between plates and convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 581-584, 1991.
19. Hager, B. H., and R. J. O'Connell, Kinematic models of large-scale mantle flow, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 1031-1048, 1979.
20. Hager, B. H., and R. J. O'Connell, A simple global model of plate dynamics and mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4843-4867, 1981.
21. Hanks, T. C., The Kuril trench-Hokkaido rise system: Large shallow earthquakes and simple models of deformation, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 23, 173-189, 1971.
22. Hanks, T. C., Earthquake stress drops, ambient tectonic stresses and stresses that drive plate motions, Pure Appl. Geophys., 115, 441-458, 1977.
23. Hasegawa, A., S. Horiuchi, and N. Umino, Seismic structure of the northeastern Japan convergent margin: A synthesis, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22295-22311, 1994.
24. Hewitt, J. M., D. P. McKenzie, and N. O. Weiss, Dissipative heating in convective flows, J. Fluid Mech., 68, 721-738, 1975.
25. Hickman, S. H., Stress in the lithosphere and the strength of active faults, U.S. Natl. Rep. Int. Union Geod. Geophys. 1987-1990, Rev. Geophys., 29, 759-775, 1991.
26. Houseman, G. A., and D. Gubbins, Deformation of subducted oceanic lithosphere, Geophys. J. Int., 131, 535-551, 1997.
27. Howard, L. N., Convection at high Rayleigh number, in Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Applied Mechanics, edited by H. Görtler, pp. 1109-1115, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1964.
28. Isacks, B. L., and M. Barazangi, Geometry of Benioff zones: Lateral segmentation and downwards bending of the subducted lithosphere, in Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches and Back-Arc Basins, edited by M. Talwani and W. C. Pitman III, pp. 99-114, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1977.
29. Jarrard, R. D., Relations among subduction parameters, Rev. Geophys., 24, 217-284, 1986.
30. Jaupart, C., and B. Parsons, Convective instabilities in a variable viscosity fluid cooled from above, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 39, 14-32, 1985.
31. Kanamori, H., and D. L. Anderson, Theoretical basis of some empirical relations in seismology, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 65, 1073-1095, 1975.
32. Kawakatsu, H., Double seismic zones: Kinematics, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4811-4825, 1986.
33. King, S. D., The interaction of subducting slabs and the 670 kilometer discontinuity, Ph.D. thesis, Calif. Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, 1991.
34. King, S. D., and B. H. Hager, The relationship between plate velocity and trench viscosity in Newtonian and power-law subduction calculations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2409-2412, 1990.
35. King, S. D., and B. H. Hager, Subducted slabs and the geoid, 1, Numerical experiments with temperature-dependent viscosity, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19843-19852, 1994.
36. King, S. D., A. Raefsky, and B. H. Hager, ConMan: Vectorizing a finite element code for incompressible two-dimensional convection in the Earth's mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 59, 195-207, 1990.
37. King, S. D., C. W. Gable, and S. A. Weinstein, Models of convection-driven tectonic plates: A comparison of methods and results, Geophys. J. Int., 109, 481-487, 1992.
38. Kohlstedt, D. L., B. Evans, and S. J. Mackwell, Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17587-17602, 1995.
39. Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., and M. A. Richards, Cenozoic plate driving forces, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1317-1320, 1995.
40. Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., and M. A. Richards, The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions, Rev. Geophys., 36, 27-78, 1998.
41. Melosh, H. J., and A. Raefsky, The dynamical origin of subduction zone topography, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 60, 333-354, 1980.
42. Molnar, P., and P. England, Temperatures, heat flux, and frictional stress near major thrust faults, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 4833-4856, 1990.
43. Morgan, W. J., Convection plumes in the lower mantle, Nature, 230, 42-43, 1971.
44. Parmentier, E. M., D. L. Turcotte, and K. E. Torrance, Studies of finite amplitude non-Newtonian thermal convection with application to convection in the Earth's mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1839-1846, 1976.
45. Parsons, B., and J. G. Sclater, An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 803-827, 1977.
46. Puster, P., B. H. Hager, and T. H. Jordan, Mantle convection experiments with evolving plates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2223-2226, 1995.
47. Sleep, N. H., Stress and flow beneath island arcs, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 42, 827-857, 1975.
48. Solomatov, V. S., Parameterization of temperature- and stress-dependent viscosity convection and the thermal profile of Venus, in Flow and Creep in the Solar System, edited by D. B. Stone and S. K. Runcorn, pp. 131-145, Kluwer, Norwell, Mass., 1991.
49. Solomatov, V. S., Scaling of temperature- and stress-dependent viscosity convection, Phys. Fluids, 7(2), 266-274, 1995.
50. Tackley, P. J., On the penetration of an endothermic phase transition by upwellings and downwellings, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15477-15488, 1995.
51. Toth, J., and M. Gurnis, Dynamics of subduction initiation at preexisting fault zones, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18053-18067, 1998.
52. Turcotte, D. L., and E. R. Oxburgh, Finite amplitude convective cells and continental drift, J. Fluid Mech., 28, 29-42, 1967.
53. Turcotte, D. L., and G. Schubert, Geodynamics, John Wiley, New York, 1982.
54. Van der Hilst, R. D., S. Widiyantoro, and E. R. Engdahl, Evidence of deep mantle circulation from global tomography, Nature, 386, 578-584, 1997.
55. Watts, A. B., and M. Talwani, Gravity anomalies seaward of deep-sea trenches and their tectonic implications, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 36, 57-90, 1974.
56. Zhang, J., B. H. Hager, and A. Raefsky, A critical assessment of viscous models of trench topography and corner flow, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 83, 451-475, 1985.
57. Zhong, S., and M. Gurnis, Controls on trench topography from dynamic models of subducted slabs, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15683-15695, 1994.
58. Zhong, S., and M. Gurnis, Mantle convection with plates and mobile, faulted plate margins, Science, 267, 838-843, 1995a.
59. Zhong, S., and M. Gurnis, Towards a realistic simulation of plate margins in mantle convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 981-984, 1995b.
60. Zhong, S., M. Gurnis, and L. Moresi, The role of faults, nonlinear rheology, and viscosity structure in generating plates from instantaneous mantle flow models, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15255-15268, 1998.