The rise and fall of the Australian Women's Bureau

Australian Journal of Politics and History

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 362-377

  Russell, Lani ^a   Sawer, Marian ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033447672     PISSN: 00049522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8497.00070     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. CEDAW, "Adoption of the Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women," Seventeenth Session, New York, 7-25 July 1997.
2. UN Division for the Advancement of Women, "Report of Expert Group Meeting on National Machineries for Gender Equality", Santiago Chile, 31 August-4 September 1998.
3. Leila Rupp, Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women's Movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
4. John Braithwaite, "A Sociology of Modelling and the Politics if Empowerment," British Journal of Sociology vol. 45, no. 3, 1994, pp. 445-479.
5. Examples include Judith May and Aaron Wildavsky eds., The Policy Cycle (Beverley Hills: Sage, 1978), Brian Hogwood and Lewis Gunn, Policy Analysis for the Real World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), Glyn Davis et.al., Public Policy in Australia (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993), 2nd edition and Mark Considine, Public Policy: A Critical Approach (South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1994).
6. Examples include Judith May and Aaron Wildavsky eds., The Policy Cycle (Beverley Hills: Sage, 1978), Brian Hogwood and Lewis Gunn, Policy Analysis for the Real World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), Glyn Davis et.al., Public Policy in Australia (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993), 2nd edition and Mark Considine, Public Policy: A Critical Approach (South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1994).
7. Examples include Judith May and Aaron Wildavsky eds., The Policy Cycle (Beverley Hills: Sage, 1978), Brian Hogwood and Lewis Gunn, Policy Analysis for the Real World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), Glyn Davis et.al., Public Policy in Australia (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993), 2nd edition and Mark Considine, Public Policy: A Critical Approach (South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1994).
8. Examples include Judith May and Aaron Wildavsky eds., The Policy Cycle (Beverley Hills: Sage, 1978), Brian Hogwood and Lewis Gunn, Policy Analysis for the Real World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), Glyn Davis et.al., Public Policy in Australia (St Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993), 2nd edition and Mark Considine, Public Policy: A Critical Approach (South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1994).
9. For example Joyce Gelb, Feminism and Politics a Comparative Perspective (Berkely, University of California Press, 1989); Dorothy Stetson and Amy Mazur Comparative State Feminism, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, 1995; Barbara Hobson and Marika Lindholm, "Collective Identities, Women's Power Resources and the Making of Welfare States", paper presented to Research Committee 19, Pavia, September 1995; Elizabeth Shannon, "The Influence of Feminism on Public Policy," PhD thesis, Department of Government, University of Tasmania, 1997.
10. For example Joyce Gelb, Feminism and Politics a Comparative Perspective (Berkely, University of California Press, 1989); Dorothy Stetson and Amy Mazur Comparative State Feminism, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, 1995; Barbara Hobson and Marika Lindholm, "Collective Identities, Women's Power Resources and the Making of Welfare States", paper presented to Research Committee 19, Pavia, September 1995; Elizabeth Shannon, "The Influence of Feminism on Public Policy," PhD thesis, Department of Government, University of Tasmania, 1997.
11. For example Joyce Gelb, Feminism and Politics a Comparative Perspective (Berkely, University of California Press, 1989); Dorothy Stetson and Amy Mazur Comparative State Feminism, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, 1995; Barbara Hobson and Marika Lindholm, "Collective Identities, Women's Power Resources and the Making of Welfare States", paper presented to Research Committee 19, Pavia, September 1995; Elizabeth Shannon, "The Influence of Feminism on Public Policy," PhD thesis, Department of Government, University of Tasmania, 1997.
12. For example Joyce Gelb, Feminism and Politics a Comparative Perspective (Berkely, University of California Press, 1989); Dorothy Stetson and Amy Mazur Comparative State Feminism, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, 1995; Barbara Hobson and Marika Lindholm, "Collective Identities, Women's Power Resources and the Making of Welfare States", paper presented to Research Committee 19, Pavia, September 1995; Elizabeth Shannon, "The Influence of Feminism on Public Policy," PhD thesis, Department of Government, University of Tasmania, 1997.
13. R. Amy Elman ed., Sexual Politics and the European Union: The New Feminist Challenge Berghahn Books, Providence, 1996.
14. M. Sawer, "Femocrats and Ecorats. Women's Policy Machinery in Australia, Canada and New Zealand", Occasional Paper, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva, March 1996.
15. E.E. Monro comp., Resolutions adopted by the International Council of Women from Foundation in 1888, 1979, courtesy Diane Alley.
16. Dorothy McBride Stetson, "The Oldest Women's Policy Agency. The Women's Bureau in the United States", in Stetson and Mazur, Comparative State Feminism, p. 256-9.
17. Arnold Whittick, Woman into Citizen. The World Movement towards the Emancipation of Women in the Twentieth Century with Accounts of the Countries of the International Alliance of Women, the League of Nations and the Relevant Organisations of United Nations (Beverley Hills: ABC-CLIO Press, 1976).
18. B. Rischbieth, March of Australian Women. A Record of Fifty Years Struggle for Equal Citizenship (Perth: Paterson Brokensha, 1964), p. 88.
19. Ibid
20. Yvonne Smith comp. and ed., Taking Time. A Women's Historical Data Kit, (Melbourne: Union of Australian Women, 1988), p. 63.
21. AFWV 1950-4 Folder, Box Y789, UAW Collection, MSS 2160, Mitchell Library.
22. See Linda Geller-Schwartz, "An Array of Agencies. Feminism and State Institutions in Canada", in Stetson and Mazur, Comparative State Feminism, p. 41-2.
23. AFWV 1950-4 Folder, Box Y789, UAW Collection, MSS 2160, Mitchell Library.
24. Ruby Rich, Establishment of a Women's Bureau, Women's Non-Party Association/League of Women Voters of South Australia Collection, Mortlock Library.
25. Patience R Thoms comp., The First 25 Years, BPW, Australia: the History of the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs (Melbourne: The Federation, 1972), p.56.
26. Attachment A, paper presented by Hon. J. D. Kenny, MLC (Senior Vice-President, ACTU), Equal Pay Seminar Convened by ACTU, Trades Hall, Sydney, 17/18 April 1961, N68/1306 "Equal Pay Committee of Labor Council of NSW 1960-1", ACTU records, Noel Butlin Archives, p. 4.
27. Ada Norris, A History of the National Council of Women of Victoria 1902-1977 (Melbourne: Hawthorn, 1978), p. 145-6.
28. Norman McKenzie, Women in Australia (Melbourne: F.W. Cheshire, 1962), p. 337.
29. Equal Pay Committee of Labor Council of NSW 1960-61, Resolutions for Equal Pay Conference, Melbourne, February 1960, Supplementary Statement, p. 14.
30. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, Senate, 16 March 1960, pp. 177-8.
31. Norris, A History of the National Council of Women of Victoria 1902-1977, p. 146.
32. "Creation of Women's Bureau by Department of Labour and National Service", Department file, Australian Archives, WA.
33. Thoms, The First 25 Years, PBW, Australia: The History of the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, pp. 64-5; Ruby Rich Collection, NLA; "Resolutions Submitted by State Councils for the ANCW Conference Canberra October 24-November 4, 1960", Folder 36, Box 6, MS5193, NCW Collection, NLA.
34. Thoms, The First 25 Years, PBW, Australia: The History of the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, pp. 64-5; Ruby Rich Collection, NLA; "Resolutions Submitted by State Councils for the ANCW Conference Canberra October 24-November 4, 1960", Folder 36, Box 6, MS5193, NCW Collection, NLA.
35. Letter from William McMahon to General Secretary, WA Division of the Liberal Party, 23 August 1960.
36. AFWV Triennial Report 1960-1963, presented to 13th Triennial Conference, Adelaide, August 1963, Folder 64, Box 9, Ruby Rich Collection, NLA.
37. Report of Deputation to Hon. W. McMahon, Minister for Labour and National Service, on the question of equal pay, arranged by the ACTU, Melbourne, 12 September 1960, Box 1209, ACTU collection N21, Noel Butlin Archives.
38. ANCW News, May 1961, p. 6 [Mitchell Library]
39. H. Souter, ACTU Equal Pay Seminar, 17/18 April 1961, box 1209, ACTU collection N21, Noel Butlin Archives.
40. A.H. Rankin to ACTU President A. Monk, 14 August 1961, N21/1209 ACTU collection, Noel Butlin Archives.
41. Ibid.
42. Synopsis of Material for Presentation to the Government of Australia - following deputation to Prime Minister of Australia from the ACTU and Commonwealth Public Service Organisations, Canberra, 12 April 1962, box 1210, ACTU collection N21, Noel Butlin library.
43. Thoms, The First 25 Years, PBW, Australia: The History of the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, p. 79.
44. Estimates Papers, Senate, 1962-3, p. 1708.
45. Linda Geller-Schwartz, "An Array of Agencies. Feminism and State Institutions in Canada", p. 42.
46. Alison Stephen, interviewed by DEET/DIR historian Leigh Wadie, 27 November 1987, p. 22.
47. P.H. Cook, Acting Secretary, Department of Labour and National Service, Minute, April 17, 1963, addressed to Regional Directors; see also Stephen letter to E.M. Ross, WA Council for Equal Pay and Opportunity, 10 February 1964, stating the purpose and operation of the Australian Women's Section to be "very similar" to the Canadian Bureau. Both references and subsequent departmental material from "Creation of Women's Bureau by Department of Labour and National Service".
48. Department of Labor and National Service 1963 Annual Report.
49. Cook Minute, 17 April 1963
50. AFWV 13th Triennial Conference, August 1963 Resolutions, Folder 64, Box 9, Ruby Rich Collection, NLA.
51. Alison Stephen interview, op. cit., p. 23.
52. 23 September 1965, Folder 63, Box 8, Ruby Rich Collection, NLA.
53. Anne Summers, "Missionaries or Mandarins: Women in the Federal Bureaucracy" in Norma Grieve and Ailsa Burns Australian Women: New Feminist Perspectives (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1986.
54. 8 December 1965, Ruby Rich letter to Laurel Casinader, Women's Non-Party Association/League of Women Voters of South Australia Collection, Mortlock Library.
55. Report of National Conference on Status of Women, Employers Federation of Victoria, 3-4 May, 1966, Box 1, Add-on 1317, UAW collection, MSS2160, Mitchell Library.
56. Other speakers included Mrs Mary Keyserling of the US Women's Bureau, Sir Robert Webster of Bradford Cotton Mills, Joe Riordan of the Federated Clerks Union, Mrs R. Gordon of the NCW and other overseas representatives. Box Y4480, Add-on 427, UAW Collection, MSS 2160, Mitchell Library.
57. Quoted in AFWV Detailed Proposals on Women's Bureau, submitted by Ruby Rich, 20 August 1966, Women's Non-Party Association/League of Women Voters of South Australia Collection, Mortlock Library.
58. 20 May, 1966, Acting Secretary P.H. Cook letter to Regional Director, Queensland (copy to WA director for reference).
59. Thoms, The First 25 Years, PBW, Australia: The History of the Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, p. 99.
60. 14 November 1966 AFWV Executive Meeting Minutes, Folder 63, Box 8, Ruby Rich collection; Proposals in Women's Non-Party Association/League of Women Voters of South Australia Collection, Mortlock Library.
61. Marjorie Thompson letter to Willis, Minister for Labour and Industry 1 July 1966, MSS 2160, Add-on 427, Box Y4480, UAW Collection, Mitchell Library.
62. Willis letter to Thompson, 26 July 1966; Woodcock letter to Willis, 1 August 1966; see also Willis response to Woodcock, 10 August 1966, in which he replied airily that opportunities for the advacement of women in the NSW Public Service were greater than for any other State employer (Box Y4480 UAW Collection, MSS 2160, Add-on 427, Mitchell Library). In October 1967 UAW reported a further request to NSW Premier for the establishment of a Women's Bureau to do research on women's wages, quoting a recent Industrial Commission judgement which pleaded ignorance of the area, Box 1, UAW collection, MSS 2160, Add-on 1317, Mitchell Library.
63. Resolutions of AFWV 14th Triennial Conference, October 1966, Folder 64, Box 9, Ruby Rich Collection, NLA.
64. Norris, A History of the National Council of Women of Victoria 1902-1977, p 146.
65. Women's Non-Party Association/League of Women Voters of South Australia Collection, Mortlock Library.
66. Box 1, UAW collection, MSS 2160, Add-on 1317, Mitchell Library.
67. 1967 Annual Report.
68. See Marian Sawer ed., Removal of the Commonwealth Marriage Bar: A Documentary History, Centre for Research in Public Sector Management, University of Canberra, 1997.
69. According to Rich letter to Hedger 3 February 1969, Folder 58, Box 8, Ruby Rich Collection, NLA.
70. Box 1, UAW Collection, MSS 2160, Add-on 1317, Mitchell Library.
71. Estimates Papers, Senate, 1962-3, p. 1234.
72. Sun, 11 September 1972.
73. Women & Work, vol. 10, no. 3, September 1988, p. 12.
74. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, Senate 16 March 1960, pp. 177-8; see also Questions, 30 March 1960, p. 341.
75. Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, Senate 16 March 1960, pp. 177-8; see also Questions, 30 March 1960, p. 341.
76. Ibid., Senate 26 March 1965, p. 1166; 24 November 1965, p. 1754; 24 August 1966, p. 41; 19 September 1967, p. 685; 17 October 1967, p. 1275.
77. Ibid., Senate 26 March 1965, p. 1166; 24 November 1965, p. 1754; 24 August 1966, p. 41; 19 September 1967, p. 685; 17 October 1967, p. 1275.
78. Ibid., Senate 26 March 1965, p. 1166; 24 November 1965, p. 1754; 24 August 1966, p. 41; 19 September 1967, p. 685; 17 October 1967, p. 1275.
79. Ibid., Senate 26 March 1965, p. 1166; 24 November 1965, p. 1754; 24 August 1966, p. 41; 19 September 1967, p. 685; 17 October 1967, p. 1275.
80. Ibid., Senate 26 March 1965, p. 1166; 24 November 1965, p. 1754; 24 August 1966, p. 41; 19 September 1967, p. 685; 17 October 1967, p. 1275.
81. Ibid., Senate, 9 March 1967, p. 393.
82. Estimates Papers, Senate, 1962-3, p. 1234.