Toward a new paradigm

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 99-113

  Ottaway, Marina ^a   Chung, Theresa ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033445896     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1999.0070     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. United Nations Development Programme, Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience (New York: United Nations, 1996), 29.
2. World Bank, 1997 World Development Indicators (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1997), 59, 75.
3. UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook 1998, (Paris: UNESCO, 1998), 4-22; Evaluación del Impacto de la Asistencia Externa en el Proceso Electoral Nicaragüense (Stockholm: International IDEA, 1997), 6-8.
4. UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook 1998, (Paris: UNESCO, 1998), 4-22; Evaluación del Impacto de la Asistencia Externa en el Proceso Electoral Nicaragüense (Stockholm: International IDEA, 1997), 6-8.
5. National Electoral Commission, Expenditure on the 1996 Parliamentary and Presidential Electoral Process in Ghana (Accra); World Bank, 1997 World Development Indicators, 58, 74.
6. National Electoral Commission, Expenditure on the 1996 Parliamentary and Presidential Electoral Process in Ghana (Accra); World Bank, 1997 World Development Indicators, 58, 74.
7. Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience, 29; Report of the Independent Electoral Commission: The South African Elections of April 1994 (Johannesburg: Independent Electoral Commission, 1994), Annexure 5, p. 3; Alex T. Banzi, "Country Paper: Tanzania," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge from 23-28 March 1998), 5; "Tanzania: Flawed Ballot?" in Africa Research Bulletin 32 (November 1995): 120-54; Australian Electoral Commission, Behind the Scenes: the Australian Commission's 1996 Federal Election Report (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), 78; Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, "Notes on the Canadian Experience," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge, 23-26 March 1998), 13.
8. Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience, 29; Report of the Independent Electoral Commission: The South African Elections of April 1994 (Johannesburg: Independent Electoral Commission, 1994), Annexure 5, p. 3; Alex T. Banzi, "Country Paper: Tanzania," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge from 23-28 March 1998), 5; "Tanzania: Flawed Ballot?" in Africa Research Bulletin 32 (November 1995): 120-54; Australian Electoral Commission, Behind the Scenes: the Australian Commission's 1996 Federal Election Report (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), 78; Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, "Notes on the Canadian Experience," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge, 23-26 March 1998), 13.
9. Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience, 29; Report of the Independent Electoral Commission: The South African Elections of April 1994 (Johannesburg: Independent Electoral Commission, 1994), Annexure 5, p. 3; Alex T. Banzi, "Country Paper: Tanzania," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge from 23-28 March 1998), 5; "Tanzania: Flawed Ballot?" in Africa Research Bulletin 32 (November 1995): 120-54; Australian Electoral Commission, Behind the Scenes: the Australian Commission's 1996 Federal Election Report (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), 78; Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, "Notes on the Canadian Experience," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge, 23-26 March 1998), 13.
10. Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience, 29; Report of the Independent Electoral Commission: The South African Elections of April 1994 (Johannesburg: Independent Electoral Commission, 1994), Annexure 5, p. 3; Alex T. Banzi, "Country Paper: Tanzania," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge from 23-28 March 1998), 5; "Tanzania: Flawed Ballot?" in Africa Research Bulletin 32 (November 1995): 120-54; Australian Electoral Commission, Behind the Scenes: the Australian Commission's 1996 Federal Election Report (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), 78; Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, "Notes on the Canadian Experience," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge, 23-26 March 1998), 13.
11. Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience, 29; Report of the Independent Electoral Commission: The South African Elections of April 1994 (Johannesburg: Independent Electoral Commission, 1994), Annexure 5, p. 3; Alex T. Banzi, "Country Paper: Tanzania," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge from 23-28 March 1998), 5; "Tanzania: Flawed Ballot?" in Africa Research Bulletin 32 (November 1995): 120-54; Australian Electoral Commission, Behind the Scenes: the Australian Commission's 1996 Federal Election Report (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), 78; Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, "Notes on the Canadian Experience," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge, 23-26 March 1998), 13.
12. Elections in the Peace Process in Mozambique: Record of an Experience, 29; Report of the Independent Electoral Commission: The South African Elections of April 1994 (Johannesburg: Independent Electoral Commission, 1994), Annexure 5, p. 3; Alex T. Banzi, "Country Paper: Tanzania," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge from 23-28 March 1998), 5; "Tanzania: Flawed Ballot?" in Africa Research Bulletin 32 (November 1995): 120-54; Australian Electoral Commission, Behind the Scenes: the Australian Commission's 1996 Federal Election Report (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1996), 78; Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada, "Notes on the Canadian Experience," (paper given at the Voting for Democracy Conference of Commonwealth Chief Election Officers at Queens' College, Cambridge, 23-26 March 1998), 13.
13. Krishna Kumar, From Bullets to Ballots: Electoral Assistance to Postconflict Societies (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Agency for International Development), 40; World Bank, 1997 World Development Indicators, 6.
14. Krishna Kumar, From Bullets to Ballots: Electoral Assistance to Postconflict Societies (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Agency for International Development), 40; World Bank, 1997 World Development Indicators, 6.
15. Thomas Carothers, Aid for Democracy: The Learning Curve (forthcoming, 1999), 132, 135.
16. Jennifer L. McCoy, "Nicaragua's Second Elections," in Krishna Kumar, ed., Postconflict Elections, Democratization and International Assistance (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1998), 67.
17. David Simon, "Namibia: Swapo Wins Two-Thirds Majority," in Review of African Political Economy 22 (March 1995): 109.
18. Ronald G. Shaiko, "Political Party Development Assistance" (U.S. Agency for International Development, unpubl. ms.), 13.
19. National Democratic Institute, Political Parties and the Transition to Democracy: A Primer in Democratic Party-Building for Leaders, Organizers and Activists (Washington, D.C.: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, 1997), 33.
20. Léandre Loko and Nicolas Benon, "Moyens et Sources de Financement d'une Campagne Electoral," in Modes de Scrutin et Financement des Campagnes Electorales dans une Démocratie Pluraliste (Cotonou, Benin: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 1995).
21. Melissa Thomas and Joel D. Barkan, Corruption and Political Finance in Africa (World Bank, unpubl. ms.), 4.
22. Alan Ware, "The Funding of Political Parties in North America: the Early Years," in Peter Burnell and Alan Ware, eds.,Funding Democratization (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998), 22-42.
23. Based on democracy assistance figures for FY 1995-98 provided by the Bureau for Democracy and Governance of the U.S. Agency for International Development.