A three-dimensional diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2 galaxies: Probing X-ray absorption and compton thickness

Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

Volumn 121, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 473-482

  Bassani, L ^a   Dadina, M ^a   Maiolino, R ^b   Salvati, M ^b   Risaliti, G ^c   Della Ceca, R ^d   Matt, G ^e   Zamorani, G ^f,g  

^a Ist Tecnologie Stud Delle R   (Italy)

^b INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTROFISICO DI ARCETRI   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^d INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI BRERA   (Italy)

^e ROMA TRE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^f INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^g INAF ISTITUTO DI RADIOASTRONOMIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Galaxies: Seyfert; X rays: Galaxies

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033445312     PISSN: 00670049     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/313202     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Akiyama, M., et al. 1998, ApJ, 500, 173
2. Alonso-Herrero, A., Ward, M. J., & Kotilainen, J. K. 1997, MNRAS, 288, 977
3. Antonucci, R. 1993, ARA&A, 31, 473
4. Awaki, H. 1992, in Frontiers of X-Ray Astronomy, ed. Y. Tanaka & K. Koyama (Tokyo: Universal Academy Press), 537
5. Awaki, H., & Koyama, K. 1993, Adv. Space Res., 13(2), 221
6. Bergeron, J., Durret, F., & Boksenberg, A. 1983, A&A, 127, 322
7. Brandt, W. N., Fabian, A. C., Takahashi, K., Fujimoto, R., Yamashita, A., Inoue, H., & Ogasaka, Y. 1997, MNRAS, 290, 617
8. Cappi, M., Mihara, T., Matsuoka, M., Brinkmann, W., Prieto, M. A., & Palumbo, G. G. C. 1996, ApJ, 465, 141
9. Cappi, M., et al. 1998, in preparation.
10. Comastri, A., Setti, G., Zamorani, G., & Hasinger, G. 1995, A&A, 296, 1
11. Comastri, A., Vignali, C., Cappi, M., Matt, G., Audano, R., Awaki, H., & Ueno, S. 1998, MNRAS, 295, 443
12. Crawford, C. S., & Vanderviest, C. 1996, MNRAS, 283, 1003
13. Cruz-Gonzales, I., Carrasco, L., Serrano, A., Guichard, J., Dultzin-Hacyan, D., & Bisiacchi, F. 1994, ApJS, 94, 47
14. Dahari, O., & de Robertis, M. M. 1988, ApJS, 67, 249
15. De Grijp, M. H. K., Keel, W. C., Miley, P., Goudfrooij, P., & Lub, J. 1992, A&AS, 96, 389
16. De Robertis, M. M., Hutchings, J. B., & Pitts, R. E. 1988, AJ, 95, 1371
17. Diaz, A. I., Prieto, M. A., & Wamsteker, W. 1988, A&A, 195, 53
18. Done, C., Madejski, G. M., & Smith, D. A. 1996, ApJ, 463, L63
19. Durret, F., & Bergeron, J. 1986, A&A, 156, 51
20. Fabian, A. C., Arnaud, K. A., Bautz, M. W., & Tawara, Y. 1994, ApJ, 436, L51
21. Fabian, A. C., & Crawford, C. S. 1995, MNRAS, 274, L63
22. Frogel, J. A., Gillet, F. C., Terndrup, D. M., & Vader, J. P. 1989, ApJ, 343, 672
23. Fukazawa, Y., et al. 1994, PASJ, 46, L141
24. Ghisellini, G., George, I. M., Fabian, A. C., & Done, C. 1991, MNRAS, 248, 14
25. Ghisellini, G., Haardt, F., & Matt, G. 1994, MNRAS, 267, 743
26. Guainazzi, M., et al. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 824
27. Hayashi, I., Koyama, K., Awaki, H., & Ueno, S. 1996, PASJ, 48, 219
28. Heckman, T. M., Balick, B., & Crane, P. C. 1980, A&AS, 40, 285
29. Hes, R., Barthel, P. D., & Fosbury, R. A. E. 1993, Nature, 362, 326
30. Ho, L. C., Filippenko, V., & Sargent, W. L. W. 1993, ApJ, 417, 63
31. _. 1997,ApJS, 112, 315
32. Ishisaki, Y., et al. 1996, PASJ, 48, 237
33. Iwasawa, K., Brandt, W. N., & Fabian, A. C. 1998, MNRAS, 293, 251
34. Iwasawa, K., & Comastri, A. 1998, MNRAS, in press
35. Iwasawa, K., Fabian, A. C., Brandt, C. S., Crawford, C. S., & Almaini, O. 1997a, MNRAS, 291, L17
36. Iwasawa, K., Fabian, A. C., & Matt, G. 1997b, MNRAS, 289, 443
37. Iwasawa, K., Fabian, A. C., Mushtozky, R. F., Brandt, W. N., Awaki, H., & Kunieda, H. 1996, MNRAS, 279, 837
38. Iwasawa, K., Fabian, A. C., Ueno, S., Awaki, H., Fukazawa, Y., Matsushita, K., & Makishima, K. 1997e, MNRAS, 285, 683
39. Iwasawa, K., Kunieda, H., & Tawara, Y. 1995, AJ, 110, 551
40. Keel, W. C., Kennicut, R. C., Jr., Hummel, E., & Hulst, J. M. 1985, AJ, 90, 708
41. Kii, T., Nakagawa, T., Fujimoto, R., Ogasaka, T., Miyazaki, T., Kawabe, R., & Terashima, Y. 1996, in X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy of Hot Cosmic Plasmas, ed. F. Makino & K. Mitsuda (Tokoyo: Universal Academy Press), 161
42. Kim, D.-C., Sander, D. B., Veilleux, S., Mazzarella, J. M., & Soifer, B. T. 1995, ApJS, 98, 129
43. Kowalski, M. P., Cruddace, R. G., Snyder, W. A., & Fritz, G. G. 1993, ApJ, 412, 489
44. Laurikainen, E., & Moles, M. 1989, ApJ, 345, 176
45. Leahy, D. A., & Creighton, J. 1993, MNRAS, 263, 314
46. Lehnert, M. D. & Heckman, T. M. 1996, ApJ, 472, 546
47. Lonsdale, C. J. 1992, ApJ, 391, 629
48. Maiolino, R., & Rieke, G. H. 1995, ApJ, 454, 95
49. Maiolino, R., Ruiz, M., Rieke, G. H., & Keller, L. D. 1995, ApJ, 446, 561
50. Maiolino, R., Salvati, M., Bassani, L., Dadina, M., Della Ceca, R., Matt, G., Risaliti, G., & Zamorani, G. 1998, A&A, 338, 781
51. Makishima, K., et al. 1994, PASJ, 46, L77
52. Malaguti, G., Palumbo, G. G. C., Cappi, M., Comastri, A., Otani, C., Matsuoka, M., Guainazzi, M., Bassani, L., & Frontera, F. 1998, A&A, 331, 519
53. Matt, G. 1997, Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, 68, 127
54. Matt, G., Brandt, W. N., & Fabian, A. C. 1996a, MNRAS, 280, 823
55. Matt, G., et al. 1996b, MNRAS, 281, L69
56. Moran, E. C., Halpern, J. P., & Helfand, D. J. 1996, ApJS, 106, 341
57. Mulchaey, M., Koratar, A., Ward, M. J., Wilson, A. S., Whittle, M., Antonucci, R. R. J., Kinney, A. J., & Hurt, T. 1994, ApJ, 436, 586
58. Ogasaka, Y., Inoue, H., Brandt, W. N., & Fabian, A. C. 1997, PASJ, 49, 179
59. Oliva, E., Salvati, M., Moorwood, A. F. M., & Marconi, A. 1994, A&A, 288, 457
60. Osterbrock, D. E., & De Robertis, M. M. 1985, PASP, 97, 1129
61. Osterbrock, D. E., & Martel, A. 1993, ApJ, 414, 552
62. Perez, E., Manchado, A., Garcia-Lario, P., & Pottash, R. 1990, A&A, 227, 407
63. Phillips, M. M., Charles, P. A., & Baldwin, J. A. 1983, ApJ, 266, 485
64. Polletta, M. 1996, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Bologna, Italy
65. Polletta, M., Bassani, L., Malaguti, G., Palumbo, G. G. C., & Caroli, E. 1996, ApJS, 106, 399
66. Ptak, A., Yaqoob, T., Serlemitsos, P. J., Kunieda, H., & Terashima, Y. 1996, ApJ, 459, 542
67. Risaliti, G. 1998, Ph.D. thesis, Florence Univ., Italy
68. Rush, B., Malkan, M. A., & Spinoglio, L. 1993, ApJS, 89, 1
69. Serlemitsos, P., Ptak, A., & Yaquoob, T. 1996, in ASP Conf. Ser. 103, The Physics of LINERS, ed. M. Eracelous et al. (San Francisco: ASP), 70
70. Shuder, J. M., & Osterbrock, D. E. 1981, ApJ, 250, 55
71. Smith, D. A., & Done, C. 1996, MNRAS, 280, 355
72. Stauffer, J. R. 1982, ApJ, 262, 66
73. Stephens, S. 1989, AJ, 97, 10
74. Stockton, A., Ridgway, S. E., & Lilly, S. J. 1994, AJ, 108, 414
75. Storchi-Bergmann, T., Kinney, A. L., & Challis, P. 1995, ApJS, 98, 103
76. Storchi-Bergmann, T., & Pastoriza, M. G. 1989, ApJ, 347, 195
77. Terashima, Y., et al. 1998a, ApJ, 503, 212
78. _. 1998b, PASJ, in press
79. _.1998c, ApJ, 496, 210
80. Terlevich, R., Melnik, J., Masegosa, J., Moles, M., & Copetti, V. F. 1991, A&AS, 91, 285
81. Tran, H. D. 1995, ApJ, 440, 565
82. Turner, T. J., George, I. M., Mushotzky, R., & Nandra, K. 1997a, ApJ, 475, 118
83. Turner, T. J., George, I. M., Nandra, K., & Mushotzky, R. F. 1997b, ApJS, 113, 23
84. _. 1997c, ApJ, 488, 164
85. _.1998, ApJ, 493, 91
86. Ueno, S. 1997, Ph.D. thesis, Kyoto Univ.
87. Ueno, S., Koyama, K., Awaki, H., Hyashi, I., & Blanco, P. R. 1996, PASJ, 48, 389
88. Ueno, S., Koyama, K., Nishida, M., Yamauchi, S., & Ward, M. J. 1994, ApJ, 431, L1
89. Ueno, S., et al. 1998, in The Active X-Ray Sky: Results from BeppoSAX and Rossi-XTE, ed. L. Scarsi, et al., in press
90. Vaceli, M. S., Viegas, S. M., Gruenwald, R., & De Sousa, R. E. 1997, AJ, 114, 1345
91. Vader, J., Frogel, J. A., Terndrup, D. M., & Heisler, C. A. 1993, AJ, 106, 1743
92. Veilleux, S., Kim, D.-C., Sanders, D. B., Mazzarella, J. M., & Soifer, B. T. 1995, ApJ, 98, 171
93. Veron, P., Gonzales, A. C., & Veron-Cetty, M. P. 1997, A&A, 319, 52
94. Veron-Cetty, M. P., & Veron, P. 1986, A&AS, 66, 335
95. Vignali, C, Comastri, A., Stirpe, G. M., Cappi, M., Palumbo, G. G. C., Matsuoka, M., Malaguti, G., & Bassani, L. 1998, A&A, 331, 411
96. Weaver, K. A., Nousek, J., Yaqoob, T., Mushtzky, R. F., Makino, F., & Otani, C. 1996, ApJ, 458, 160
97. Weaver, K. A., Yaqoob, T., Mushotzky, R. F., Nousek, J., Hayashi, I., & Koyama, K. 1997, ApJ, 474, 675
98. Wilson, A. S., et al. 1998, ApJ, 505, 387
99. Winkler, H. 1992, MNRAS, 257, 677
100. Wittle, M. 1992, ApJS, 79, 49
101. Xue, S. J., Otani, C., Mihara, T., Cappi, M., & Matsuoka, M. 1998, PASJ, 50, 519