The desert fax: A research note on calling home from Somalia

Armed Forces and Society

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 509-521

  Bell, D Bruce ^c   Schumm, Walter R ^c   Knott, Benjamin ^c   Ender, Morten G ^a,b  

^a UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY   (United States)

^b US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033440551     PISSN: 0095327X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0095327X9902500308     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Samuel A. Stouffer, Arthur A. Lumsdaine, Marion H. Lumsdaine, Robin M. Williams, Jr., M. Brewster Smith, Irving L. Janis, Shirley A. Star, and Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr., The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath, vol. 2 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949), 87-88.
2. Larry W. Applewhite and David R. Segal, "Telephone Use by Peacekeeping Troops in the Sinai," Armed Forces & Society 17 (1990): 117-136.
3. Stouffer et al., The American Soldier, 273.
4. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use by Peacekeeping Troops," 117.
5. Morten G. Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway: The Comparison of Old and New Communication Media Use During Military Operations in the Post-Cold War Era" (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1996; Morten G. Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia: New Communication Media Between Home and War Fronts," in Mapping Cyberspace: Social Research on the Electronic Frontier, ed. Joseph E. Bender (Oakdale, NY: Dowling College Press, 1997), 27-52; Morten G. Ender and David R. Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole: Isolation, (Tele)communication, and Forward Deployed Soldiers," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 24 (1996): 83-104; Morten G. Ender, "G.I. Phone Home: The Use of Telecommunications by the Soldiers of Operation Just Cause," Armed Forces & Society 21 (1995): 325-334. One reviewer reminded us of the mountain climber who died recently on Mount Everest, but was able to call home while freezing to death - another indication of the widespread availability of modern telecommunications.
6. Morten G. Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway: The Comparison of Old and New Communication Media Use During Military Operations in the Post-Cold War Era" (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1996; Morten G. Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia: New Communication Media Between Home and War Fronts," in Mapping Cyberspace: Social Research on the Electronic Frontier, ed. Joseph E. Bender (Oakdale, NY: Dowling College Press, 1997), 27-52; Morten G. Ender and David R. Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole: Isolation, (Tele)communication, and Forward Deployed Soldiers," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 24 (1996): 83-104; Morten G. Ender, "G.I. Phone Home: The Use of Telecommunications by the Soldiers of Operation Just Cause," Armed Forces & Society 21 (1995): 325-334. One reviewer reminded us of the mountain climber who died recently on Mount Everest, but was able to call home while freezing to death - another indication of the widespread availability of modern telecommunications.
7. Morten G. Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway: The Comparison of Old and New Communication Media Use During Military Operations in the Post-Cold War Era" (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1996; Morten G. Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia: New Communication Media Between Home and War Fronts," in Mapping Cyberspace: Social Research on the Electronic Frontier, ed. Joseph E. Bender (Oakdale, NY: Dowling College Press, 1997), 27-52; Morten G. Ender and David R. Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole: Isolation, (Tele)communication, and Forward Deployed Soldiers," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 24 (1996): 83-104; Morten G. Ender, "G.I. Phone Home: The Use of Telecommunications by the Soldiers of Operation Just Cause," Armed Forces & Society 21 (1995): 325-334. One reviewer reminded us of the mountain climber who died recently on Mount Everest, but was able to call home while freezing to death - another indication of the widespread availability of modern telecommunications.
8. Morten G. Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway: The Comparison of Old and New Communication Media Use During Military Operations in the Post-Cold War Era" (Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1996; Morten G. Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia: New Communication Media Between Home and War Fronts," in Mapping Cyberspace: Social Research on the Electronic Frontier, ed. Joseph E. Bender (Oakdale, NY: Dowling College Press, 1997), 27-52; Morten G. Ender and David R. Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole: Isolation, (Tele)communication, and Forward Deployed Soldiers," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 24 (1996): 83-104; Morten G. Ender, "G.I. Phone Home: The Use of Telecommunications by the Soldiers of Operation Just Cause," Armed Forces & Society 21 (1995): 325-334. One reviewer reminded us of the mountain climber who died recently on Mount Everest, but was able to call home while freezing to death - another indication of the widespread availability of modern telecommunications.
9. Ender, "G.I. Phone Home."
10. S. L. Arnold, "Somalia: An Operation other than War," Military Review VXXIII (December 1993): 26-35.
11. Katharine S. Gravino, David R. Segal, and Mady W. Segal, "Lightfighters Wives," In Peacekeepers and Their Wives: American Participation in the Multinational Force and Observers, ed. David R. Segal and. Mady W. Segal (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993), 140-156.
12. Larry W. Applewhite, T. Paul Furukawa, David R. Segal, and Mady W. Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert," in Peacekeepers and Their Wives, eds. Segal and Segal (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993), 95-108.
13. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia."
14. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia."
15. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia."
16. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Ender, "Soldiering Toward the Information Superhighway"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "E-Mail to Somalia."
17. Applewhite, Furukawa, Segal, and Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert.'"
18. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm on Army Families: A Summary of Findings to Date. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations, Denver, 19 November 1991; Charlene C. Lewis, "Grenada: Waiting Wives." (Washington, DC: Department of Military Psychiatry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1984).
19. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm on Army Families: A Summary of Findings to Date. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations, Denver, 19 November 1991; Charlene C. Lewis, "Grenada: Waiting Wives." (Washington, DC: Department of Military Psychiatry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1984).
20. Applewhite, Furukawa, Segal, and Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert," 102.
21. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Applewhite, Furukawa, Segal, and Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "G.I. Phone Home."
22. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Applewhite, Furukawa, Segal, and Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "G.I. Phone Home."
23. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Applewhite, Furukawa, Segal, and Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "G.I. Phone Home."
24. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use"; Applewhite, Furukawa, Segal, and Segal, "Lightfighters in the Desert"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mail to the Foxhole"; Ender, "G.I. Phone Home."
25. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm.
26. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm; Charlene S. Lewis, Grenada: Waiting Wives; Joel M. Teitelbaum, Suzanne Wood, and Katharine Gravino, ["Adjustment and Adaptation of Enlisted Family Members to Separation During Long Term Unit Deployment," in Research Progress Report to the Community and Family Support Center, ed. R. J. Schneider and Joel. M. Teitelbaum (Washington, DC: Department of Military Psychiatry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1989).
27. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm; Charlene S. Lewis, Grenada: Waiting Wives; Joel M. Teitelbaum, Suzanne Wood, and Katharine Gravino, ["Adjustment and Adaptation of Enlisted Family Members to Separation During Long Term Unit Deployment," in Research Progress Report to the Community and Family Support Center, ed. R. J. Schneider and Joel. M. Teitelbaum (Washington, DC: Department of Military Psychiatry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1989).
28. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm; Charlene S. Lewis, Grenada: Waiting Wives; Joel M. Teitelbaum, Suzanne Wood, and Katharine Gravino, ["Adjustment and Adaptation of Enlisted Family Members to Separation During Long Term Unit Deployment," in Research Progress Report to the Community and Family Support Center, ed. R. J. Schneider and Joel. M. Teitelbaum (Washington, DC: Department of Military Psychiatry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1989).
29. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use."
30. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone Use," 122.
31. Jesse J. Harris, Joseph M. Rothberg, David R. Segal, and Mady W. Segal, "Paratroopers in the Desert," in Peacekeepers and Their Wives: American Participation in the Multinational Force and Observers, ed. David R. Segal and Mady W. Segal (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993); Ender, "G.I. Phone Home"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mailo the Foxhole."
32. Jesse J. Harris, Joseph M. Rothberg, David R. Segal, and Mady W. Segal, "Paratroopers in the Desert," in Peacekeepers and Their Wives: American Participation in the Multinational Force and Observers, ed. David R. Segal and Mady W. Segal (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993); Ender, "G.I. Phone Home"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mailo the Foxhole."
33. Jesse J. Harris, Joseph M. Rothberg, David R. Segal, and Mady W. Segal, "Paratroopers in the Desert," in Peacekeepers and Their Wives: American Participation in the Multinational Force and Observers, ed. David R. Segal and Mady W. Segal (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993); Ender, "G.I. Phone Home"; Ender and Segal, "V(E)-Mailo the Foxhole."
34. D. Brace Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm.
35. D. Bruce Bell, The Impact of Operation Desert Shield/Storm, 8.
36. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone use." 125.
37. Applewhite and Segal, "Telephone use." 125.
38. S. L. Arnold, "Somalia."
39. D. Bruce Bell, Joel M. Teitelbaum, and Walter R. Schumm, "Keeping the Home Fires Burning: Family Support Issues," Military Review 73 (March/April, 1996: 54-58.