Sensitivity of a meridional temperature gradient index to latitudinal domain

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D14, 1999, Pages 16709-16717

  Gitelman, Alix I ^a   Risbey, James S ^b   Kass, Robert E ^a   Rosen, Richard D ^c  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT;

EID: 0033432850     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900223     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Cleveland, W., Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 74, 829-836, 1979.
2. Gitelman, A. I., J. S. Risbey, R. E. Kass, and R. D. Rosen, Trends in the surface meridional temperature gradient, Geophys. Res. Lett., , 24 (10), 1243-1246, 1997.
3. Hansen, J.E., and S. Lebedeff, Global trends of measured surface air temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,345-13,372, 1987.
4. Held, I.M., Large-scale dynamics and global warming, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74, 228-241, 1993.
5. International Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, 572 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
6. Jones, P.D., Hemispheric surface air temperature variations: A reanalysis and an update to 1993, J. Clim., 7, 1794-1802, 1994.
7. Jones, P.D., and K. Briffa, Global surface air temperature variations over the twentieth century, Part 1: Spatial, temporal and seasonal details, Holocene, 2, 174-188, 1992.
8. Jones, P.D., S.C.B. Raper, R.S. Bradley, H.F. Diaz, P.M. Kelly, and T.M.L. Wigley, Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations: 1851-1984, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 161-179, 1986a.
9. Jones, P.D., S.C.B. Raper, and T.M.L Wigley, Southern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations: 1851-1984, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 1213-1230, 1986b.
10. Jones, P.D., T.M.L. Wigley, and P.B. Wright, Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984, Nature, 322, 430-434, 1986c.
11. Lindzen, R.S., Climate dynamics and global change, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 26, 353-378, 1994.
12. Little, R., and D. Rubin, Statistical Analysis With Missing Data, John Wiley, 278 pp., New York, 1987.
13. MathSoft, Inc., S-Plus Guide to Statistical and Mathematical Analysis, Seattle, Wash., 1995.
14. Palmer, T., Nonlinear dynamics and climate change: Rossby's legacy, Bull. Am. Meterol. Soc., 79, 1411-1423, 1998.
15. Rind, D., The dynamics of warm and cold climates, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3-24, 1986.
16. Rind, D., Latitudinal temperature gradients and climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5943-5971, 1998.
17. Rossby, C.-G. et al., Relation between variations in the intensity of the zonal circulation of the atmosphere and the displacements of the semi-permanent centers of action, J. Mar. Res., 2, 38-54, 1939.
18. Schlesinger, M., and J. Mitchell, Climate model simulations of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon dioxide, Rev. Geophys., 25, 760-798, 1987.
19. Stone, P., and D. Miller, Empirical relations between seasonal changes in meridional temperature gradients and meridional fluxes of heat, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1708-1721, 1980.
20. Zhang, Y., and W.-C. Wang, Model simulated northern winter cyclone and anticyclone activity under a greenhouse warming scenario, J. Clim., 10, 1616-1634, 1997.