Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 441-450

  Burd, Larry ^a,b   Severud, Robin ^a   Kerbeshian, Jacob ^a   Klug, Marilyn G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^b Child Eval and Treatment Program   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Case control; Pervasive developmental disorder; Prenatal care; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; CASE CONTROL STUDY; EDUCATION; HUMAN; INFANT; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEWBORN; PATERNAL AGE; PERINATAL PERIOD; PREGNANCY TERMINATION; PRENATAL CARE; PRENATAL PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0033431844     PISSN: 03005577     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/JPM.1999.059     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association 1980
2. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM-III-R). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association 1987
3. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association 1994
4. Bagheri M, L Burd, JT Martsolf, MG Klug: Fetal alcohol syndrome: maternal and neonatal characteristics. J Perinat Med 26 (1998) 262
5. Bailey, A, A LeCouteur, I Gottesman, PK Bolton, E Simonoff, E Yuzda, M Rutter: Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: Evidence from a British twin study. Psychol Med 25 (1995) 63
6. Bolton PF, M Murphy, H Macdonald, B Whitlock, A Pickles, M Rutter: Obstetric complications in autism: consequences or causes of the condition? J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiat 36 (1997) 272
7. Bryson S, I Smith, D Eastwood: Obstetrical sub-optimality in autistic children. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiat 27 (1988) 418
8. Burd L: Prevalence of prone sleeping position and selected infant care practices in North Dakota infants: a comparison of Caucasians and Indians. Pub Health Rep 109 (1994) 446
9. Burd L, W Fisher, J Kerbeshian: A prevalence study of pervasive developmental disorders in North Dakota. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiat 32 (1987) 1283
10. Burd L, J Gregory, R Ford: Incidence rates and risk factors for SIDS. Fed Pract 11 (1994) 53
11. Burd L, J Martsolf, M Klug: Children with fetal alcohol syndrome in North Dakota: a case control study utilizing birth certificate data. Add Biol 1 (1996) 181
12. Chess S: Follow-up report on autism in congenital rubella. Journal of Aut Child Schiz 7 (1977) 68
13. Ciaranello RD: Linkage and molecular genetics of infantile autism in: Watson SJ: Biology of Schizophrenia and Affective Disease. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC 1996
14. Cryan E, M Byrne, A O'Donovan, E O'Callaghan: Brief report: A case-control study of obstetric complications and later autistic disorder. J Aut Devl Dis 26 (1996) 453
15. Deb S, K Prasad, H Seth, JM Eagles: A comparison of obstetric and neonatal complications between children with autistic disorder and their siblings. J Intellect Disabil Res 41 (1997) 81
16. Deykin E, B MacMahon: Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications among autistic children. Am J Dis Child 134 (1980) 860
17. Finegan J, B Quarrington: Pre-, peri, and neonatal factors and infantile autism. J Child Psychol Psychiat 20 (1979) 119
18. Gillberg C, I Gillberg: Infantile autism: A total population study of reduced optimality in the pre-, peri-, and neonatal period. J Aut Dev Dis 13(2) (1983) 153
19. Hintze J: Number Cruncher Statistical System. MicroHelp and Microsoft. Kaysville, UT 1992
20. Knobloch H, B Pasamanick: Some etiologic and prognostic factors in early infantile autism and psychosis. Pediatrics 55 (1975) 182
21. Levy S, B Zoltak, T Saelens: A comparison of obstetrical records of autistic and nonautistic referrals for psycho educational evaluations. J Aut Dev Dis 18 (1988) 573
22. Lobascher M., P Kingerlee, S Gubbay: Childhood autism: An investigation of aetiological factors in twenty-five cases. Brit J Psychiat 117 (1970) 525
23. Lord C, C Mulloy, M Wendelboe, E Schopler: Pre-and perinatal factors in high-functioning females and male with autism. J Aut Dev Dis 21 (1991) 197
24. Lotspeich LJ, RD Ciaranello: The neurobiology and genetics of infantile autism. Int Rev Neurobiol 35 (1993) 87
25. Luke B, L Keith: The United States standard certificate of live birth. J Rep Med 36 (1991) 587
26. Mason-Brothers A, E Ritvo, C Pingree, PB Petersen, WR Jenson, WM McMahon, BJ Freeman, LB Jorde, MJ Spencer, A Mo: The UCLA-University of Utah epidemiologic survey of autism: Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Pediatrics 86 (1990) 514
27. Milberger S, J Biederman, S Faraone, L Chen, J Jones: Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children? Am J Psychiat 153 (1996) 1138
28. Nanson JL: Autism in fetal alcohol syndrome: a report of six cases. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 16 (1992) 558
29. Nelson K: Prenatal and perinatal factors in the etiology of autism. Pediatrics 87 (1991) 761
30. Piven J, J Simon, G Chase, M Wzorek, R Landa, J Gayle, S Folstein: The etiology of autism: pre-, peri-and neonatal factors. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiat 32 (1993) 1256
31. Risch N, D Spiker, L Lotspeich, N Nouri, D Hinds, et al.: A genomic screen of autism: Evidence for a multilocus etiology. Am J Genet 65 (1999) 493
32. Ritvo ER, BJ Freeman, C Pingree, A Mason-Brothers, L Jorde, WR Jenson, WM McMahon, PB Petersen, A Mo, A Ritvo: The UCLA-University of Utah epidemiologic survey of autism: prevalence. Am J Psychiat 146 (1989) 194
33. Saugstad LF: Optimality of the birth population reduces learning and behavior disorders and sudden infant death after the first month. Acta Paediatr [Suppl] 429 (1999) 9
34. Schilleschman J: Case control studies: Design, conduct and analysis. Oxford University Press, New York 1982
35. Schlesselman JJ: Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press, New York 1982
36. Smalley SL, RF Asarnow, A Spence: Autism and genetics: a decade of research. Arch Gen Psychiat 45 (1988) 953
37. Steffenburg S, C Gillberg, L Hellgren et al: A twin study of infantile autism in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. J Child Psychol Psychiat, 30 (1989) 405
38. Tsai L: Pre-, peri-, and neonatal factors in autism. Neurobiological issues in autism. Plenum Press, New York 1987, p 179
39. Wakschlag IS, BB Lahey, R Loeber, SM Green, RA Gordon, BL Leventhal: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of conduct disorder in boys. Arch Gen Psychiat 54 (1997) 670