Head stability in walking in children with cerebral palsy and in children and adults without neurological impairment

Physical Therapy

Volumn 79, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 1153-1162

  Holt, Kenneth G ^a   Ratcliffe, Robert ^a   Jeng, Suh Fang ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Balance; Cerebral palsy; Head stability; Shock absorption

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEAD MOVEMENT; HEAD POSITION; HEMIPLEGIA; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; MALE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; WALKING;

EID: 0033429131     PISSN: 00319023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/79.12.1153     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. National Safety Council Accident Facts. Chicago, Ill: National Safety Council; 1988.
2. Ratcliffe RJ, Holt KG. Low frequency shock absorption in human walking. Gait & Posture. 1997;5:93-100.
3. Berthoz A, Pozzo T. Intermittent head stabilization during postural and locomotory tasks in humans. In: Amblard B, Berthoz A, Clarac F, eds. Posture and Gait: Development, Adaptation, and Modulation. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Inc; 1988.
4. Pozzo T, Berthoz A, Lefort L. Head stabilization during various locomotor tasks in humans, I: normal subjects. Exp Brain Res. 1990;82: 97-106.
5. Pozzo T, Levik Y, Berthoz A. Head and trunk movements in the frontal plane during complex dynamic equilibrium tasks in humans. Exp Brain Res. 1995;106:327-328.
6. Pozzo T, Berthoz A, Vitte E, Lefort L. Head stabilization during locomotion: perturbations induced by vestibular disorders. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh). 1991;481:322-327.
7. Haken H, Kelso JAS, Bunz H. A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements. Biol Cybern. 1985;51:347-356.
8. Perry J. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc; 1993.
9. Inman VT, Ralston HJ, Todd F. Human Walking. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1979.
10. Scholz JP, Kelso JAS. A quantitative approach to understanding the formation and change of coordinated movement patterns. Journal of Motor Behavior. 1989;21:122-124.
11. Holt KG, Jeng SF, Ratcliffe R, Hamill J. Energetic cost and stability in preferred human walking. Journal of Motor Behavior. 1995;27: 164-179.
12. Kay BA, Saltzman EL, Kelso JAS. Steady-state and perturbed rhythmical movements: a dynamical analysis. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1991;17:183-197.
13. Rosenblum LO, Turvey MT. Maintenance tendency in co-ordinated rhythmic movements: relative fluctuations and phase. Neuroscience. 1988;27:289-300.
14. Sutherland DH, Olshen R, Cooper L, Woo SL. The development of mature gait. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:336-353.
15. Jeng SF, Liao HF, Lai JS, Hou JW. Optimization of walking in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;29:370-376.
16. Jeng SF, Holt KG, Fetters L, Certo C. Self-optimization of walking in non-disabled children and children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Journal of Motor Behavior. 1996;28:15-27.
17. Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987;67:206-207.
18. Holt KG, Hamill J, Andres RO. Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23:491-498.
19. Holt KG, Hamill J, Andres RO. The force-driven harmonic oscillator as a model for human locomotion. Human Movement Sciences. 1990;9: 55-68.
20. Feltner ME, MacRae PG, McNitt-Gray JL. Quantitative gait assessment as a predictor of prospective and retrospective falls in community-dwelling older women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:447-453.
21. Scholz JP, Brandt LC. Trajectory formation and development of the control of standing up from sitting. Motor Control. 1997;1:314-339.