Effect of L-Carnitine and Source of Dietary Fat on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Piglets Weaned at 35 Days of Age

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Volumn 12, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1263-1272

  Li, Defa ^a   Qiao, Q ^a   Johnson, E W ^a   Jiang, J ^a   Wang, F ^a   Blum, R ^a   Allee, G ^a  

^a CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Carnitine; Fat; Growth; Pig; Weaning

Indexed keywords

GLYCINE MAX; SUS SCROFA; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0033423186     PISSN: 10112367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1999.1263     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Allain, L. C., L. S. Poon, C. S. Chan, W. Richmond and P. C. Fu. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin. Chem. 20:470-475.
2. Angelini, C., L. Vergani and A. Martinuzzi. 1992. Clinical and biochemical aspects of carnitine deficiency and insufficiency: transport defects and inborn errors of b-oxidation. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 29:217-242.
3. Atkins, J. and M. Clandinin. 1990. Nutritional significance of factors affecting carnitine dependent transport of fatty acids in neonates. A review. Nutr. Res. 10:117-128.
4. Center for Disease Control, USA and world Health Organization, Geneva. 1997. EpiInfo 6.04b (software).
5. Cera, K., D. Mahan and G. Reinhart. 1990. Evaluation of various extracted vegetable oils, roasted soybeans, medium-chain triglyceride and an animal-vegetable fat blend postweaning swine. J. Anim. Sci. 68:2756-2765.
6. China Feed. 1995. tables of feed composition and nutritive value in China: 1995 edition feed database in China. China Feed. 22:40-45.
7. Cho, W. T., J. H. Kim, In K. Han. and Y. K. Han. 1998. Effects of L-carnitine with different lysine levels on growth and nutrient digestibility in pigs weaned at 21 days of age. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 12(5):799-805.
8. Dove, C. R. 1993. The effect of adding copper and various fat sources to the diets of weanling swine on growth performance and serum fatty acid profiles. J. Anim. Sci. 71:2187-2193.
9. Fossati, P. and L. Prencipe. 1982. Serum triglyccerides determined colotimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin. Chem. 28(10):2077.
10. Ha, T. Y., M. Otsuka and N. Atakawa. 1994. Ascorbate indirectly stimulates fatty acid utilization in primary cultured guinea pigs hepatocytes by enhancing carnitine synthesis. J. Nutr. 124:732-737.
11. Hoffman, L., D. Ivers, M. Ellersieck and T. Veum. 1993. The effect of L-carnitine and soybean oil on performance and nitrogen and energy utilization by neonatal and young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:132-138.
12. Honeyfield, D. and J. Froseth. 1990. Evaluation of energy sources with and without carnitine in newborn pig heart and liver. J. Nutr. 121:1117-1122.
13. Junge, W. K., K. Leybold and B. Kraack. 1983. Influence of colipase on the turbidimetric determination of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity. J. Clin. Chem. Biochem. 21:445-451.
14. Kyriazakis, I. and G. C. Emmans. 1992. The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 68:603-625.
15. Leon, L. P., D. K. Chu, R. D. Stasiw and L. R. Snyder, 1976. New more specific methods for the SMA 12/60 multichannel biochemical analyzer. In Advances in Automated Analysis, Vol 1. Technicon International Congress. Tarrytown, Ny. Mediad, Inc, pp. 152-156.
16. Li, D. F. 1996. Swine Nutrition. (Chinese) China Agricultural University Press, Beijing. pp. 25-70.
17. LONZA. 1996a. L-Carnitine in animal nutrition. LONZA Ltd., Basle.
18. LONZA. 1996b. L-Carnitine in feedstuffs. Research report. LONZA Ltd., Basle.
19. Mahan, D. C., A. Lepine and K. Dabrowski. 1994. Efficacy of magnesium-L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate as a vitamin C source for weanling and growing-finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2354-2361.
20. Neumann, G. 1996 Effect of L-Carnitine on athletic performance. In Carnitine-Pathochemical Basics and Clinical Applications. H. Seim and H. Loster (Ed.). Ponte press, Bochum, pp. 61-72.
21. Odle, J., X. Lin, T. Van Kempen, J. Drackley and S. Adams. 1995. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase modulation of hepatic acid metabolism and radio-HPLC evidence for low ketogenesis in neonatal pigs. J. Nutr. 125:2441-2549.
22. Owen, K., J. Nelssen, R. Goodband, R. Weeden and S. Blum. 1996. Effect of L-carnitine and soybean oil on growth performance and body performance of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1612-1619.
23. Penn, D., P. Bobrowski, L. Zhang and E. Schmidt-Sommerfield. 1996. Neonatal nutritional carnitine deficiency: a piglet model. In Carnitine-Pathochemical Basics and Clinical Applications. H. Seim and H. Loster (Ed), Ponte Press, Bochum, p262.
24. Quiniou, N., J. Noblett, J. van Milgen and J. Y. Dourmad. 1995. Effect of energy intake on performance, nutrient and tissue gain and protein and energy utilization in growing boars. Anim. Sci. 61:133-143.
25. Ramsay, R. and A. Arduini. 1993. The carnitine acyltansferases and their role in modulating acyl-CoA pools. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 302:307-314.
26. Rebouche, C. J., E. P. Bosch, C. A. Chenard, K. J. Schabold and S. E. Nelson. 1989. Utilization of dietary percursors for carnitine synthesis in human adults. J. Nutr. 119:1907-1913.
27. Rotzsch, W. 1996. Carnitine: Historical overview. In Carnitine-Pathochemical Basics and Clinical Applications H. Seim and H. Loster (Ed.). Ponte Press, Bochum, pp. 3-10.
28. Sardi, L., G. Martelli, M. Dall Olio, P. Parisini. 1996. Use of L-carnitine in feeding heavy pigs. Rivista di Suinocoltura. 37(7):97-101.
29. Schuhmacher, A., C. Eissner, J. Gropp, G. Flachowsky (Ed.) and R. Schubert. 1993. Carnitine in fish. piglets and wuail. Vitamine und weitere Zusatzstoffe bei Mensch und Tier: 4 Symposium 30.9-01.10.1993 Jena. Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena, Germany, pp407-412.
30. Siliprandi, N., L. Sartorelli, M. Ciman and F. DiLisa. 1989. Carnitine: metabolism and clinical chemistry. Clinica Chemica Acta. 183:3-12.
31. Siliprandi, N., F. DiLisa, G. Pieralisi, P. Ripari, F. Maccari, R. Menabo, M. Giamberardino and L. Vecchiet. 1990. Metabolic changes induced by maximal exercise in human subjects following L-carnitine administration. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1043:17-21.
32. Skaggs, L. T. and H. Hochstrasser. 1964. Multiple automatic sequential analyses. Clin. Chem. 10:918-936.
33. Stahly, T. S., N. H. Williams and S. Swenson. 1994. Responses of pigs from high and low lean genotypes to dietary lysine levels. J. Anim. Sci. 72(Suppl.1):165 (Abstr.)
34. Tiffany, T. O., J. M. Jansen, C. A. Burtis, J. B. Overton and C. D. Scott. 1972. Enzymatic kinetic rate and endpoint analysis of substrate. Clin. Chem. 18:829.
35. Tokach, M., J. Pettigrew, L. Johnston, M. Øverland, J. Rust and S. Cornelius. 1995. Effect of adding fat and (or) milk products to the weanling pig diet on performance in the nursery and subsequent grow-finish stages. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3358-3368.
36. Van Kempen, T. and J. Odle. 1993. Medium-chain fatty acid oxidation in colostrum deprived newborn piglets: stimulative effect of L-carnitine supplementation. J. Nutr. 123:1531-1537.
37. Van Kempen, T. and J. Odle. 1995. Carnitine affects octanoate oxidation to carbon dioxide and dicarbozylic acids in colostrum-deprived piglets: In vivo analysis of mechanisms involved based on CoA- and carnitine-ester profiles. J. Nutr. 125:238-250.
38. Uhlenbruck, G. 1996. L-Carnitine and the immune system: from the mode of metabolism to the modulation of membranes. In Carnitine-Pathochemical Basics and Clinical Applications. H. Seim and H. Loster (Ed.). Ponte Press, Bochum, pp. 47-60.
39. Williams, N. H. and T. S. Stahly. 1995. Impact of immune system activation on lysine and sulfur amino acid needs of 6-16 kg pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl.1):58(Abstr.)
40. Weeden, T. L., J. L. Nelssen, R. H. Hines, D. F. Li and J. A. Swanson. 1990. The effect of L-carnitine on the utilization of soybean oil fed to early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (Suppl.1):374 (Abstr).
41. Yang, N. and W. J. Zhang. 1992. Biophysiology and biosynthesis of L-Carnitine. Shengwu Huaxue Yu Shengwu Wuli Jinzhan [Achievements in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chinese] 19:(2)81-85.
42. Yen, H. T., D. J. A. Cole and D. Lewis. 1986. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. Anim. Prod. 43:141-153.