Organized labor in postcommunist states: Will the western sun set on it, too?

Comparative Politics

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 83-102

  Kubicek, Paul ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033421891     PISSN: 00104159     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/422434     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
2. David Cameron, "Social Democracy, Corporatism, Labor Quiescence and the Representation of Economic Interests in Advanced Capitalist Society," in John Goldthorpe, ed., Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984).
3. Post-Postup (L'viv), Dec. 30, 1993, p. A5.
4. Kathleen Thelen, "Beyond Corporatism: Toward a New Framework for the Study of Labor in Advanced Capitalism," Comparative Politics. 27 (October 1994), 107-24; Neil Mitchell, "Theoretical and Empirical Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Union Power and Corporatism," British Journal of Political Science, 26 (July 1996), 419-28.
5. Kathleen Thelen, "Beyond Corporatism: Toward a New Framework for the Study of Labor in Advanced Capitalism," Comparative Politics. 27 (October 1994), 107-24; Neil Mitchell, "Theoretical and Empirical Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Union Power and Corporatism," British Journal of Political Science, 26 (July 1996), 419-28.
6. For example, surveys from 1994-1997 in Ukraine find that 12-14 percent of the population trust "traditional" unions but only 6-9 percent new unions. In Poland surveys find a sharp decline of trust in Solidarity, from 69 percent in 1989 to 26 percent in 1993, the latter figure only slightly higher than the 24 percent for OPZZ. Politychny portret Ukrainy, 20 (1998); Irena Pankow, "The Main Actors on the Political Scene in Poland," in Attila Agh and Gabriella Ilonszki, eds., Parliaments and Organized Interests: The Second Steps (Budapest: Hungarian Centre for Democracy Studies, 1996), p. 144.
7. For example, surveys from 1994-1997 in Ukraine find that 12-14 percent of the population trust "traditional" unions but only 6-9 percent new unions. In Poland surveys find a sharp decline of trust in Solidarity, from 69 percent in 1989 to 26 percent in 1993, the latter figure only slightly higher than the 24 percent for OPZZ. Politychny portret Ukrainy, 20 (1998); Irena Pankow, "The Main Actors on the Political Scene in Poland," in Attila Agh and Gabriella Ilonszki, eds., Parliaments and Organized Interests: The Second Steps (Budapest: Hungarian Centre for Democracy Studies, 1996), p. 144.
8. See Cameron; Lane Kenworthy, "Unions, Wages, and the Common Interest," Comparative Political Studies, 28 (January 1996), 491-524.
9. Strikes may show mobilization capacity but also weakness at the bargaining table. Results of strikes are rarely unequivocal, and even union victories may expend resources and prevent future campaigns.
10. See Cameron; Miriam Golden, "The Dynamics of Trade Unionism and National Economic Performance," American Political Science Review, 87 (June 1993), 439-54.
11. Walter Connor, Tattered Banners: Labor, Conflict, and Corporatism in Postcommunist Russia (Boulder: Westview, 1996), p. 63.
12. Gerhard Lehmbruch, "Concertation and the Structure of Corporatist Networks," in Goldthorpe, ed.; Paul Boreham and Hugh Compston, "Trade Unions and Political Intervention: Unemployment Policy in the OECD Countries," European Journal of Political Research, 22 (Fall 1992), 143-70.
13. Gerhard Lehmbruch, "Concertation and the Structure of Corporatist Networks," in Goldthorpe, ed.; Paul Boreham and Hugh Compston, "Trade Unions and Political Intervention: Unemployment Policy in the OECD Countries," European Journal of Political Research, 22 (Fall 1992), 143-70.
14. Mark Kramer, "Polish Workers and the Post-communist Transition, 1989-1993," Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 28 (March 1995), 71-114.
15. Anna Pollert, "Trade Unionism in the Czech Republic," Labour Focus on Eastern Europe, 55 (Autumn 1996), 15.
16. Mitchell Orenstein, "The Czech Tripartite Council and Its Contribution to Social Peace," in Agh and Ilonszki, eds., p. 180.
17. Interview in Handelsblatt, translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Feb. 9, 1994, p. 5.
18. Interview in Handelsblatt, translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Feb. 9, 1994, p. 5.
19. Andras Tóth, "Labor Movements and Transition in Hungary from Socialism to Democracy" (Budapest: Central European University, 1994), p. 37.
20. Ibid.; Maria Ladó, Workers' and Employers' Interests as They Are Represented in the Changing Industrial Relations in Hungary (Budapest: Institute for Labor Research, 1994).
21. Ibid.; Maria Ladó, Workers' and Employers' Interests as They Are Represented in the Changing Industrial Relations in Hungary (Budapest: Institute for Labor Research, 1994).
22. See Sarah Ashwin, "Russia's Official Trade Unions: Renewal or Redundancy?," Industrial Relations Journal, 26 (September 1995), 192-203; Vadim Borisov, Simon Clarke, and Peter Fairbrother, "Does Trade Unionism Have a Future in Russia?," Industrial Relations Journal, 25 (March 1994), 15-25.
23. See Sarah Ashwin, "Russia's Official Trade Unions: Renewal or Redundancy?," Industrial Relations Journal, 26 (September 1995), 192-203; Vadim Borisov, Simon Clarke, and Peter Fairbrother, "Does Trade Unionism Have a Future in Russia?," Industrial Relations Journal, 25 (March 1994), 15-25.
24. T. Chetvernina, P. Smirnov, and N. Dunaeva, "Mesto profsoiuza na predpriiatii," Voprosy ekonomiki, 6 (June 1995), 83-89. They find that 13 percent of workers believe the union defends their interests, whereas 40 percent believe their real defender is the enterprise director.
25. Connor, pp. 166-67, 187.
26. ILO-CEET, The Ukrainian Challenge: Reforming Labour Market and Social Policy (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1995), p. 163.
27. Demokratchyna Ukraina, Jan. 15, 1994, p. 2.
28. Interview with Ihor Kharchenko, Chair of Social and Labor Affairs Committee of the Cabinet of Ministers, Kiev, July 1994.
29. Profspilkovi vidomosti (Kiev), August-September 1995, p. 25.
30. See David Ost, "The Politics of Interest in Post-Communist Society," Theory and Society, 22 (August 1993), 453-85; David Ost, "Polish Labor before and after Solidarity," International Labor and Working-Class History, 50 (Fall 1996), 29-43.
31. See David Ost, "The Politics of Interest in Post-Communist Society," Theory and Society, 22 (August 1993), 453-85; David Ost, "Polish Labor before and after Solidarity," International Labor and Working-Class History, 50 (Fall 1996), 29-43.
32. L. Gordon and E. Klopov, "Rabochee dvizhenie: Politicheskii potentsial," Kommunist, 10 (October 1991), 29-30.
33. Paul Kubicek, "Variations on a Corporatist Theme: Interest Associations in Post-Soviet Ukraine and Russia," Europe-Asia Studies, 48 (January 1996), 27-46.
34. Stephen Crowley, Hot Coal, Cold Steel: Russian and Ukrainian Workers from the End of the Soviet Union to the Post-Communist Transformations (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997).
35. Simon Clarke, Peter Fairbrother, and Vadim Borisov, The Workers Movement in Russia (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1995).
36. Clarke et al., p. 408.
37. See Giovanni Baglioni and Colin Crouch, eds., European Industrial Relations: The Challenge of Flexibility (London: Sage, 1990); Lowell Turner, Democracy at Work: Changing World Markets and the Future of Labor Unions (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991); and Kathleen Thelen, "West European Labor in Transition: Sweden and Germany Compared," World Politics, 46 (October 1993), 23-49.
38. See Giovanni Baglioni and Colin Crouch, eds., European Industrial Relations: The Challenge of Flexibility (London: Sage, 1990); Lowell Turner, Democracy at Work: Changing World Markets and the Future of Labor Unions (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991); and Kathleen Thelen, "West European Labor in Transition: Sweden and Germany Compared," World Politics, 46 (October 1993), 23-49.
39. See Giovanni Baglioni and Colin Crouch, eds., European Industrial Relations: The Challenge of Flexibility (London: Sage, 1990); Lowell Turner, Democracy at Work: Changing World Markets and the Future of Labor Unions (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991); and Kathleen Thelen, "West European Labor in Transition: Sweden and Germany Compared," World Politics, 46 (October 1993), 23-49.
40. Jonas Pontusson, "Explaining the Decline of European Social Democracy: The Role of Structural Economic Change," World Politics, 47 (July 1995), 495-533.
41. Peter Katzenstein, Small States in World Markets (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985).
42. Turner.
43. Barry Hirsch and John Addison, Analysis of Unions: New Approaches and Evidence (London: Allen and Unwin, 1986); Pontusson.
44. EBRD Transition Report (Paris: EBRD, 1995).
45. Making comparisons is difficult because there are few data to establish a pre-1990 baseline. However, the EBRD reported in 1995 that small and medium enterprises had grown in all countries and in 1995 employed 37 percent of workers in the Czech Republic, 24 percent in Hungary, 23 percent in Poland, 23 percent in Slovakia, and 10 percent in Russia. For comparison, for the U.S. the figure is 53 percent, and for Germany 64 percent.
46. ILO, "Privatisation: Trade Union Policy and Strategies," Report on ILO Conference for Russian Trade Unions, Moscow, February 7-9, 1995, p. 29.
47. Pollert, p. 23.
48. ILO, "Privatisation," p. 32.
49. Ibid.
50. Greg Bamber and Valentin Peschanski, "Transforming Industrial Relations in Russia: A Case of Convergence with Industrialized Market Economies?" Industrial Relations Journal, 27 (March 1996), 74-88.
51. See Kirill Buketov, "Russian Trade Unions in 1994," Labor Focus on Eastern Europe, 49 (Spring 1995), 26-28; Tóth; and Laszlo Neumann, "Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining: Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary" (unpublished paper, 1996).
52. See Kirill Buketov, "Russian Trade Unions in 1994," Labor Focus on Eastern Europe, 49 (Spring 1995), 26-28; Tóth; and Laszlo Neumann, "Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining: Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary" (unpublished paper, 1996).
53. Both from interviews, Budapest, January 1997.
54. Hugo Radice, "The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in the Transformation of Eastern Europe," in H. J. Chang et al., eds., Reconstructing the Communist Economies: Against the Mainstream (London: Macmillan, 1995).
55. ILO, "Dealing with Multinationals: A Handbook for Trade Unions in Central and Eastern Europe" (Budapest: ILO, 1996), pp. 7-9.
56. Interviews, Budapest, January 1997, and Kiev, August 1994.
57. Pollert, pp. 22-23.
58. ILO, "Privatisation," p. 33.
59. See Wolfgang Streeck, "Neo-Corporatist Industrial Relations and the Economic Crisis in West Germany," in Goldthorpe, ed.; Turner; Thelen, "Beyond Corporatism"; Thelen, "West European Labor."
60. See Wolfgang Streeck, "Neo-Corporatist Industrial Relations and the Economic Crisis in West Germany," in Goldthorpe, ed.; Turner; Thelen, "Beyond Corporatism"; Thelen, "West European Labor."
61. See Wolfgang Streeck, "Neo-Corporatist Industrial Relations and the Economic Crisis in West Germany," in Goldthorpe, ed.; Turner; Thelen, "Beyond Corporatism"; Thelen, "West European Labor."
62. ILO, "Report on ILO Seminar on Collective Bargaining in Central and Eastern Europe" (Budapest: ILO, 1996).
63. Pekka Aro and Paula Repo, Trade Union Experiences in Collective Bargaining in Central Europe (Budapest: ILO, 1997).
64. According to a survey conducted in April 1994 in the Czech Republic, workplace representatives were definitely or moderately trusted by 21 percent and 48 percent of members, respectively. The corresponding figures for the national CMKOS leadership were 10 percent and 36 percent. See Pollert, p. 24.
65. Neumann.
66. Poliert, p. 25, reports that in a September 1994 survey in the Czech Republic 41.7 percent of members believed that unions had "no influence" in the workplace, and only 4.5 percent claimed they had a big influence. Chetvernina et al. report that 44.7 percent of union leaders themselves admit that their influence is insignificant. Among workers, this skepticism grows to 61.7 percent.
67. Neumann, p. 15.
68. Crouch, in Baglioni and Crouch, eds., p. 359.
69. Valentin Rupez, "Privatization in Russia: The Position of the Trade Unions," Russian Labour Review, 1 (1993), 42.
70. Streeck, p. 297.