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85033961005
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note
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For logistical reasons (e.g., one student in the PAL group ultimately did not take the subsequent test) the actual numbers of students in the PAL, Tutoring, and Class groups were 14, 15, and 16, respectively.
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25
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85033960517
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note
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An analysis of variance, with Scheffé post hoc tests, showed that these differences are highly significant. (The observed difference between the PAL group and Class group would only occur by chance with a probability p = 0.03, and that between the Tutoring Group and Class group would only occur with a probability p = 0.003.)
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26
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85033957597
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note
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An analysis of variance shows that it could occur by chance with a probability as high as 0.65.
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84973712252
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note
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An analysis of variance confirms that the means of the previous average test scores of the three groups are essentially equivalent (i.e., no significant difference, p = 0.94).
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29
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85033942486
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note
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Paired t-tests show that the Newton test score, compared to the previous average test score, is not significantly different for the PAL or Tutoring groups, and significantly lower (p = 0.04) for the Class group.
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30
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85033966510
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note
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These probabilities were determined by a chi-square test.
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